University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
FCS 321/L | Contemporary Issues in Foods and Nutrition and Lab
Academic year:

2008
Views:

444

Pages:

12
Author:

rion7nd

Phytochemicals Question One Phytochemicals function in the following ways except ________. a. hormonal action b. antibacterial agent c. DNA synthesis d. physical action e. interference with DNA replication 1 Question Two Out of the 600 carotenoids, _____ are found in the human food chain. a. 300 b. 235 c. 175 d. 40 e. 10 Question Three The following are foods that contain flavonoids except ________. a. citrus fruits b. cantaloupe c. green tea d. red wine e. dark chocolate 2 Question Four Daidzein, an isoflavone, is most popular for its capability to reduce the risk of _____. a. obesity b. cancer c. heart disease d. osteoporosis e. diabetes Question Five Hydroxytyrosol, a monophenol, is found in _____. a. olive oil b. mushrooms c. grains d. citrus fruits e. legumes 3 What are Phytochemicals? o Due to a large amount of research, a seventh category of food components has been discovered: phytochemicals. o Phytochemicals are substances found in plants that are thought to be potentially beneficial to health. o They can occur naturally in foods, or as food extracts, or as additions to designed or engineered foods. How do they function? o Hormonal action o Stimulation of enzymes o Physical action o Interference with DNA replication o Antioxidants o Anti-bacterial agent 4 Carotenoids o Carotenoids are the phytochemicals responsible for highly colored, unsaturated, lipophilic pigments. o Carotenoids give fruits and vegetables colors from yellow to red. o Examples of carotenoids are peaches, sweet potatoes, peppers, and carrots. Lycopene o Lycopene, one of the most well-known types of carotenoids is most abundant in tomatoes. o Lycopene is widely known for its antioxidant ability. o The presence of oil or lipids accompanied with lycopene can improve its the absorption in body. 5 Flavonoids o Flavonoids make up a huge group of phytochemicals that can be found in the plant kingdom. o Common types of flavonoids are Quercetin, Nobiletin, and Rutin. o Everyday foods that contain flavonoids are citrus fruits, green tea, red wine, and dark chocolate. Isoflavonoids o Isoflavonoids are a sub group of flavonoids. o The two main isoflavones are Daidzein and Genistein. o Isoflavonoids can be found in foods like soy beans, peanuts, and other legumes. 6 Monophenols o Monophenols is a group of phytochemicals containing hydroxytyrosol. o Hydroxytyrosol helps aid in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer. o Hydroxytyrosol is found in olive oil. Anthocyanins o Anthocyanin pigments create the purple, red, and blue colors of grains, fruits, and vegetables. o In addition to their antioxidant benefits, they may also have antiviral and antimicrobial properties. 7 Phytochemicals in your Diet o Fruits and vegetables that are bright colors generally contain the most phytochemicals and the most nutrients. o Limit the consumption of refined foods, and consume five to nine servings of colorful fruits and vegetables daily in addition to eating beans, whole grains, and nuts. o Avoid supplements containing phytochemicals. Phytochemicals in the Body o Phytochemicals can be fat-soluble or watersoluble. o Carotenoids are fat-soluble compounds and are stored in body fat. o Flavonoids are water-soluble compounds. They are excreted out of the body and are rarely stored. 8 Chicken Noodle Soup INGREDIENTS o 2 1/2 cups wide egg noodles o 1 teaspoon vegetable oil o 12 cups chicken broth o 1 1/2 tablespoons salt o 1 teaspoon poultry seasoning o 1 cup chopped celery o 1 cup chopped onion o 1/3 cup cornstarch o 1/4 cup water o 3 cups diced, cooked chicken meat Substitute the vegetable oil with olive oil. Add more vegetables, such as carrots, to increase the phytochemical, vitamin, mineral, and fiber content. Add garlic to the soup to add the phytochemical, allicin. Substitute the egg noodles with whole grain noodles. If you desire, use a tomato based broth to provide lycopene. House Salad w/ Ranch Dressing Substitute the iceberg lettuce with INGREDIENTS mixed greens such as arugula, o 2 cups iceberg lettuce spinach, or romaine lettuce. Substitute the ranch dressing with o 1 tomato, quartered a vinaigrette made with olive oil. To add crunch, substitute the o ½ cup cucumber slices croutons with nuts such as pine nuts, walnuts, or slivered almonds. o ¼ cup shredded carrots Add more vegetables or fruit such as red onions, mushrooms, and o 6-8 Croutons olives to add more nutrients. o 2 tbs ranch dressing 9 Fresh Fruit Parfait Ingredients o 20 marshmallows o Juice of 1 lemon o 1 c fresh raspberries o 1 c heavy cream Substitute the marshmallows and heavy cream with non-fat or low-fat vanilla yogurt. Add more fresh fruits such as blackberries, blueberries, and strawberries to add more nutrients and fiber. To add some texture, top the parfait with granola. Question One Phytochemicals function in the following ways except ________. a. hormonal action b. antibacterial agent c. DNA synthesis d. physical action e. interference with DNA replication 10 Question Two Out of the 600 carotenoids, _____ are found in the human food chain. a. 300 b. 235 c. 175 d. 40 e. 10 Question Three The following are foods that contain flavonoids except ________. a. citrus fruits b. cantaloupe c. green tea d. red wine e. dark chocolate 11 Question Four Daidzein, an isoflavone, is most popular for its capability to reduce the risk of _____. a. obesity b. cancer c. heart disease d. osteoporosis e. diabetes Question Five Hydroxytyrosol, a monophenol, is found in _____. a. olive oil b. mushrooms c. grains d. citrus fruits e. legumes 12

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