Augustus and the Succession

PERSONNAGES: Marcus Vipsanius AGRIPPA (63–12 B.C.) Consul I in 37; II in 28; III in 27. Marcus Claudius MARCELLUS (42–23 B.C.) Aedile in 23; son of Augustus' sister Octavia by her first marriage; he is thus half-brother of Marcus Antonius' children the two Antonias (the elder of whom married L. Domitius Ahenobarbus and the younger Nero Claudius Drusus). His full-sister, the elder Marcella, married Marcus Agrippa and then Marcus Antonius' son by Fulvia, the young Iullus Antonius. His full-sister, the younger Marcella, married Paullus Aemilius Lepidus and then M. Valerius Barbatus Appianus. CAIUS Caesar (20 B.C. to 4 A.D.) Consul in A.D. 1; a senator from 5 B. C., and Princeps Iuventutis ('Captain of the Youth') He was the first son of Agrippa–by his third marriage–and Julia, the daughter of Augustus–by her second marriage (Suetonius, Divus Augustus 63-64). LUCIUS Caesar (17 B.C. to 2 A.D.) Second son of Agrippa and Julia, designated to hold the consulship for 2 A.D., but he did not live long enough to hold the office TIBERIUS Claudius Nero (42 B.C.–37 A.D.) The Emperor Tiberius (A.D. 14–37), son of Livia and Ti. Claudius Nero. Quaestor in 23 B. C.; Praetor in 16; Consul in 13; Consul II in 7; Holder of the Tribunician Power from 6 B.C. to 2 B. C. and again from A. D. 14. DATE: EVENT: 25 B. C. Marcellus married Augustus' only child Julia. He went to Spain with Augustus. 23 Augustus' Second Constitutional Settlement. Marcellus became aedile, Tiberius quaestor. Death of Marcellus. Augustus severely ill: he had his signet ring given to Agrippa and his working papers to the consul Piso (the successor of Varro Murena, Maecenas' brother-in-law, who had been executed for attempting to assassinate Augustus). 20 Tiberius married Agrippa's daughter (by his first marriage) Vipsania. A son, Drusus Nero. Vipsania later married the son of the Caesarian historian Asinius Pollio, the Asinius Gallus who is so outspoken in Tacitus Annales I-VI. 18 Agrippa granted proconsular imperium maius and tribunicia potestas as Augustus' colleague in the government of the state for a five-year term (18–14 B.C.) 17 The Saecular Games (end of May and early June). Augustus adopted his infant grandsons of Agrippa and Julia, Gaius and Lucius Caesar. 16 Tiberius served as Praetor. He was sent on campaign on the Danube frontier (15/14 B.C.) 13 Tiberius Consul for the first time. Agrippa's imperium and tribunicia potestas renewed for another five years. 12 Death of Agrippa. Tiberius was forced to divorce Vipsania, Agrippa's daughter, and marry Julia, Augustus' daughter (Agrippa's widow). 11 Tiberius granted imperium proconsulare 7 Tiberius consul for the second time. 6 Tiberius granted tribunicia potestas for a five-year term (6–2 B.C.). Because of friction with young Caius Caesar, Tiberius was forced to retire to Rhodes (6 B.C.–2 A.D.). 5 Augustus consul XXII. Gaius Caesar came of age, made a senator, and designated consul for the year 1 A.D. 2 Augustus consul XXIII. Lucius Caesar came of age. The scandal of Julia's private life revealed (Suetonius Aug. 65; Tib. 7). Tiberius divorced her, she was exiled (died in exile in A. D. 14). 1 Caius Caesar sent on a mission to the East. The Armenian Campaign against Parthia. A. D. 2 Lucius Caesar died near Marseille (drowned), on his way to a Spanish Campaign. 4 Caius Caesar died in Lycia, of wounds received in Armenia at the siege of Artagina. Tiberius was adopted as Tiberius Caesar along with Agrippa Postumus (son of Agrippa and Julia). Tiberius was forced to adopt his nephew Germanicus. Tiberius was given imperium maius and tribunicia potestas for ten years, renewed in A.D. 13. Tiberius was sent on campaign in Pannonia, Illyricum and Germany (A. D. 4–12). 14 Death of Augustus (August 19) at Nola. Tiberius already had imperium maius (since A. D. 4) and tribunicia potestas. He accepted the 'Principate' on September 17 (Tacitus Annales Book I).