University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
HIST 491B | Revolution and Reform in Modern China
Academic year:

2024
Views:

422

Pages:

1
Author:

catfever701r

Sun Yat-sen «soon yaht-sen», (1866-1925), a Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader, fought to establish a republic of China. He is generally called the Father of the Revolution. Sun was too idealistic to be an effective political leader. But his Three People's Principles (nationalism, democracy, and socialism) became the guiding principles of the Chinese republic, which was established in 1912. Sun was born of humble parents in the Zhongshan district of Guangdong Province. He was educated at mission schools in Hong Kong and Honolulu, and became a doctor. From 1895 to 1911, he traveled widely in the United States, Japan, and Europe to organize sympathy for republican principles and to seek financial aid for his revolutionary movement against the Manchu dynasty. He was aided by Chinese overseas communities and English, American, and Japanese sympathizers. The Kuomintang Party. From 1911 to 1922, Sun tried to unite China and establish a stable government. The Kuomintang Party, headed by Sun, became a political entity in 1912, after the Wuhan uprising to overthrow the Manchu regime. That year, Sun's party adopted a constitution, and Sun became the temporary president of the Chinese republic. The political situation was turbulent. To further ensure the unity of China, Sun resigned as president in favor of Yuan Shikai after only six and one-half weeks in office. His later efforts. In 1913, Sun disagreed with Yuan's policies and organized a revolt. He fled to Japan, and the Kuomintang members of parliament were thrown out of office. Once again, the revolutionists assembled to set up a separate government under the 1912 constitution. In 1921, Sun became president of this government in Canton. He was driven out of his capital in 1922 but returned in 1923. Sun continued to work for the unification of China. After failing to get assistance from the West, he turned to the Soviet Union. With funds and help from the Soviet Union, he reorganized the Kuomintang Party and Army in 1923. He set up the Whampoa Military Academy, with Chiang Kai-shek as superintendent. Sun died of cancer while attending a conference in Beijing in 1925. In 1929, Sun's body was transferred to a mausoleum erected in his honor in Nanjing. Politically, he was more effective after his death. His principles became the slogans of his followers. Chiang Kai-shek, during the 1930's and 1940's, achieved the unification of China under a central government that Sun had sought in vain to accomplish.

Sun Yat-sen

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