French Colonial Expansion and New France

Period 3 1607-1800 ● France Finds a Foothold in Canada ○ Louis XIV established Quebec in 1608 ■ St.Lawrence River ○ Good Relationship with local Huron tribes ■ Got a relationship with the Huron by helping the Iroquois Confederacy ■ Bad relationship with Iroquois ● PRevented French settlement of the Ohio Valley ○ Royal Colony ■ Autocratic Government (Absolute Monarchy) ○ New France Grew Slowly ■ 60,000 by 1750 much slower than English colonies which had 1.5 million people at the same time ■ There were not many reasons for the French to emigrate ■ Not a refuge for Huguenots because of the Absolute government ● Edict of Nantes (1589-1685) ■ French Caribbean Colonies were more valuable because of crops and trade; mainly sugar. ● Modern-day Haiti was the most valuable colony anywhere in the world ● Rum as well ● New France Fans Out ○ Beaver pelt hats popular in Europe ■ Coureurs De Bois (runners of the woods) ■ Fur trappers ■ Voyageurs Canoe rivers deep into the wilderness ● Established trading relationships with Native Americans ■ Established better relationships with natives by marrying the women ○ Effects on Native Americans ■ Gained European manufactured goods ■ Alcohol and Disease ● Unintentionally spread the disease ■ Mass slaughter of beavers violated the religious customs of the natives ○ Detroit founded 1701 ■ Antoine Cadillac ○ Louisiana Claimed by France in 1682 ■ Explored by Robert da La Salle ○ New Orleans founded in 1718 ● The Clash of Empires ○ War of Jenkins’s Ear 1739 ■ Fight between British and Spanish over trading rights in the Caribbean ■ James Oglethorpe beat the Spanish in Georgia ■ Lawrence Washington served ○ King George’s War ■ British vs France and Spain ■ British colonists were successful, but the peace treaty returned the captured territory to France. French and Indian War 1754-1763 ● Washington Inaugurates War with France ○ France and Britain compete over the Ohio Valley ○ A group of FFVs “purchase” 500,000 acres ○ France builds forts along the Ohio River ■ Fort Duquesne at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers (Pittsburgh) ○ The Governor of Virginia sends in a 21-year-old Lt. Colonel with 150 men... (George Washington) ○ Washington opens fire on the first group of French soldiers he sees. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ■ This included a French diplomat ■ Very baIt is a crime ■ Even didn’t have orders to open fire on anyone Fort necessity ■ Built to defend supplies ■ Built the fort at the bottom of a hill ■ Built to protect against French Retaliation ■ Poorly built ■ Attacked by 600 French and 100 Indian allies ■ Doesn't July well and Washington Surrendered on July 4, 1756 ■ He and his men were allowed to return to Virginia 400 Acadians forced out of Nova Scotia ■ British feared they were loyal to France ■ Some went to Louisiana ■ ‘Cajun’ Albany Congress (1754)- Intercolonial meeting near Iroquois territory. ■ Secure alliance with the Iroquois ● 30 wagon loads of gifts for Chiefs ■ Create Intercolonial unity ● Benjamin Franklin pushed for home rule ● Delegates accepted, but the colonies and London rejected them. Edward Braddock- British General sent to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. ■ Hired George Washington as an aide de camp ■ Despised Hide-behind-the-tree tactics ■ Tried to cut a road through the forest to a small force of French and Indian soldiers who smoked him, soldiers. ■ Braddock killed Colonists were unable to defend the frontier Washington soured against the British ● Global war and colonial disunity ○ French and Indian War (1756-1763)- Third Anglo-French colonial war ■ Begna in the colonies ■ Became part of the global Seven Years' War ■ Britain and Prussia vs, ■ France, Austria, Russia, Spain ■ Frederick II of Prussia becomes Frederick the Great ■ “America was won in Germany” -William Pitt ● Battle of Quebec 1759 ○ New Start- Attack cities, not wilderness forts ○ British take Louisbourg 1758 ■ Protected the St.Lawrence River ○ Battle of Quebec ■ British led by General Rolfe ■ Sent soldiers straight up a cliff at night ■ Was fought off the plains of Abraham ■ British capture Quebec ● France Loses Again at the Peace talks ○ Treaty of Paris ■ France lost Canada to Britain ■ France kept west indian sugar colonies ■ Gave Louisiana to its ally, Spain ● Including New Orleans ○ Spain ceded Florida to Britain ■ In exchange for Cuba ● Aftermath ○ Native Americans Couldn’t play European Countries against each other ■ Only British east of the Mississippi ○ Pontiac’s Uprising- Ottawa Chief Pontiac joined with French remnants to attack British settlements in the Ohio Valley. ■ 2000 British soldiers and settlers killed ■ British retaliated with Smallpox Infected Blankets ■ Pontiac Killed by a rival Chief