University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
MGT 450 | Organization Change and Development
Academic year:

2024
Views:

286

Pages:

24
Author:

Alonso Charles

1. Managing Data 2. The Database Approach 3. Big Data 4. Data Warehouses and Data Marts 5. Knowledge Management 2 >>> 1. Discuss ways that common challenges in managing data can be addressed using data governance. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of relational databases. 3. Define Big Data, and discuss its basic characteristics. 3 >>> 4. Recognize the necessary environment to successfully implement and maintain data warehouses. 5. Describe the benefits and challenges of implementing knowledge management systems in organizations. 4 OPENING > • Flurry Gathers Data from Smartphone Users  Do you feel that Flurry should be installed on your smartphone by various app makers without your consent? Why or why not? Support your answer.  What problems would Flurry encounter if someone other than the smartphone’s owner uses the device? (Hint: Note how Flurry gathers data.)  Can Flurry survive the privacy concerns that are being raised about its business model? 5 3.1 Managing Data • Data Quality • Difficulties of Managing Data • Data Governance 6 Data quality •Accurate •Complete •Timely •Consistent •Accessible •Relevant •Concise 1. Relevant 2. Complete 3. Accessible 4. Timely 5. Accurate 6. Consistent 7. Concise Purpose Usage “Qual details” 7 The Difficulties of Managing Data • The amount of data increases exponentially over time • Data are scattered throughout organizations • Data are generated from multiple sources (internal, personal, external) • New sources of data 20-15 years ago: 9-11 years ago: Now: 8 The Difficulties of Managing Data (continued) •“Natural” loss of data: Data Degradation Moved; changed; inactivate Data Rot Rocketdyne example: 1969 Moon Landing •Data security, quality, and integrity are critical •Legal requirements change frequently and differ among countries & industries 9 ’S ABOUT BUSINESS 3.1 • New York City Opens Its Data to All  What are some other creative applications addressing city problems that could be developed using NYC’s open data policy?  List some disadvantages of providing all city data in an open, accessible format. 10 Data Governance • Master Data Management Synchronize  A single version (P.71) • Master Data vs Transaction data 11 3.2 The Database Approach • Data File • Database Systems Minimize & Maximize Three Things • The Data Hierarchy • The Relational Database Model • Slides 13-15: Why databases; benefits 12 Figure 3.1: Database Management System 13 Database Management Systems (DBMS) Minimize: • Data Redundancy • Data Isolation • Data Inconsistency   14 Database Management Systems (DBMS) Maximize: • Data Security • Data Integrity • Data Independence In the old days, data files and programs were … 15 ’S ABOUT BUSINESS 3.2 • Google’s Knowledge Graph  Refer to the definition of a relational database. In what way can the Knowledge Graph be considered a database? Provide specific examples to support your answer.  Refer to the definition of an expert system in Plug IT In 5. Could the Knowledge Graph be considered an expert system? If so, provide a specific example to support your answer.  What are the advantages of the Knowledge Graph over traditional Google searches? 16 Data Hierarchy • • • • Database Data File (Table) Record Field • Byte • Bit Biz/ Logic Physics Hi Low 17 Data Hierarchy (Figure from Laudon & Laudon) High Low Bad exmpl - A principle of DB design: smlst elmt… 18 Data hierarchy explained: What they are Term in DB As component in DB Smallest meaningful unit Related fields Same type of records Related files 19 Figure 3.2: Hierarchy of Data for a Computer-Based File 20 The Relational Database Model • Database Management System (DBMS) • Relational Database Model • Data Model Entity (type) (Entity) Instance Attribute Attribute value 21 Relational Database Model Example Entity Attribute1 Value of Att1 Attribute2 Val of Att2 Every row in the table is a… 22 DISCUSSION Database - maintains information about various types of objects, places/organizations, people, and events Entity object Place/org Place/org Attributes Ex: Bottled water; office furniture Ex: College Ex: Department people Ex: Student people Ex: Patient event Ex: Meeting, show, transaction, stud-org-sponsored campus activities 23 The Relational Database Model (continued) • Primary Key Uniquely: P. 76 • Foreign Key Through which relationship is maintained and implemented PK-FK pair, between “_______” and “______” tables (1-M later) PK on 1-side (Parent-tbl), FK on M-side (Child-tbl) 24 Figure 3.3: Student Database Example Problem of this design? 25

Managing Data

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