University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PHIL 450 | Advanced Epistemology
Academic year:

2006
Views:

206

Pages:

1
Author:

Malcolm Li

Epistemic Closure Principles KNOWLEDGE IS CLOSED UNDER ENTAILMENT (SP) If person S knows that p, and p entails q, then S knows that q. KNOWLEDGE IS CLOSED UNDER KNOWN ENTAILMENT If S knows that p, and S knows that p entails q, then S knows that q. (K) If, while knowing that p, S believes that q because S knows that p entails q, then S knows that q. SINGLE-PREMISE CLOSURE (SPC) Necessarily, if S knows that p, competently deduces q (from p), and thereby comes to believe that q, while retaining knowledge of p throughout, then S knows that q. (GK) If, while knowing various propositions, S believes that p because S knows that they entail p, then S knows that p. MULTI-PREMISE CLOSURE (MPC) Necessarily, if S knows that p1, …, pn, competently deduces q (from p1, …, pn), and thereby comes to believe that q, while retaining knowledge of p1, …, pn throughout, then S knows that q. EVIDENCE IS CLOSED UNDER ENTAILMENT (E) If E is evidence for p, and p entails q, then E is evidence for q. JUSTIFIED BELIEF IS CLOSED UNDER KNOWN ENTAILMENT If S justifiably believes that p and S knows that p entails q, then S is justified in believing that q. (GJ) If, while justifiably believing various propositions, S believes that p because S knows that they entail p, then S justifiably believes that p.

Philosophy, Epistemic Closure Principles

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