U.S. Global Involvement Imperialism

14- imperialism U.S. global involvement / imperialism • Between the 1890s and the start of the world War (1914), the US expanded its access to overseas markets and raw materials through the policy of imperialism (a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries using military and economic control). • Reasons for imperialism - Due to the expansion of American industry (businesses and factories) during the 1800s, the U.S. needed to obtain raw materials and new markets (The US needed more raw materials to make products and a place to sell those products). • Dollar diplomacy – (The use of a country's financial power to extend its international influence). Attempted to increase the U.S. power in Latin America). Indicated a U.S. desire to interact with foreign countries in ways that were profitable to the U.S. corporations. Corporations needed a place to sell surplus (extra) goods. • The U.S. practices, economic nationalism (a political and economic philosophy that prioritizes a country's domestic economy over the global economy). by implementing protective tariffs to help American industry. • Protective tariff –A tax on foreign products making them more expensive so people would buy American products instead. • Open door policy (1899 to 1900) – refers to a U.S. foreign policy initiative introduced by Secretary of State John Hay between 1899 and 1900, which aimed to ensure equal access for all nations to trade within China, essentially preventing any single power from establishing a monopoly on Chinese markets and upholding China's territorial integrity; it was a way for the US to protect its own trade interests in China while other countries were carving out "spheres of influence" there. The U.S. issued an order to secure equal trade opportunities in China and guarantee access to its markets. The U.S. Annex’s (takes over territory) Hawaii and the Philippines. • • Spanish American war (1898) • • Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph hears used yellow journalism (propaganda/lies) to generate public support for the war. They wrote article articles about the sinking of the US battleship Maine in Havana Harbor. As a result of the war, the U.S. built the Panama Canal. A constructed waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans across the Isthmus of Panama. An artificial Transit Route: The canal shortens the distance between ports on the east and west coast of the Americas, facilitating more efficient trade and transportation. Around 72 percent of transiting ships are either going to or coming from U.S. ports. This was created so that they could move more quickly between oceans in order to increase trade and military security. • A major result was that US obtained overseas colonies and was recognized as a world power. (A country that has significant influence in international affairs). Theodore Roosevelt The only president in American history to serve more than two four-year terms was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He actually served three full terms as well as the first three months of a fourth term until his death on April 12, 1945. His vice presidency ended on September 14, 1901, when Theodore Roosevelt became the 26th president of the United States upon the assassination of President William McKinley, and ended on March 4, 1909. Roosevelt had been the vice president for only 194 days when he succeeded to the presidency. A Republican, he ran for and won by a landslide a four-year term in 1904. He was succeeded by his protégé and chosen successor, William Howard Taft. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served more than two terms. His initial two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II. • • New nationalism - policy designed to help the US solve problems caused by industrialization. The square deal - Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program, which reflected his three major goals: conservation of natural resources, corporate law, and consumer protection. • These 3 demands are often referred to as the "three C's" of Roosevelt's Square Deal. It was aimed at helping middle-class citizens and involved attacking plutocracy (a country or society governed by the wealthy) and bad trusts while at the same time protecting business from the most extreme demands of organized labor. He explained in 1901–1909: • Increased the role of the federal government and dealing with social and economic problems. • Trust busting – (A government action that breaks up monopolies and trusts to promote competition and protect consumers. It was a prominent issue in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries). The U.S. had policies that encouraged competition and business by attacking monopolies, trust, pools, etc. Theodore Roosevelt became known as the trustbuster. He believed that the government should regulate big business. • Big Stick Policy- “Walk softly but carry a big stick.” Policy that was used by the U.S. to police the western hemisphere and intervene in Latin American affairs. Wanted to prevent the extension of European control over Latin America. Expanded the Monroe Doctrine- claim the Monroe doctrine permits the US to intervene, actively in the affairs of Latin American nations. U.S. influence in the Caribbean Sea region is significantly increased as a result of Roosevelt’s policies. Helped negotiate the end of the Russo-Japanese war (war between Russia and Japan). A primary objective of his was to awaken public interest in conservation efforts (saving the environment). Set aside land for national forest and water projects. • • • • Woodrow Wilson As the 28 president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism. Staunton, Virginia, U.S. th • • • • • • • Supported the creation of the federal reserve system (1913) in order to regulate the amount of money in circulation. Worked to limit the power of big business. New freedom- designed to help the US soft problems caused by industrialization (big business). Adopted a policy of neutrality (not taking sides in the war) at the beginning of World War I. Claimed that the progressive movement would be best served by continued peace (avoiding World War I). During his reelection campaign in 1916, he used the slogan “He kept this out of the war,” but after he was reelected in 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany because Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. In the years before, the US entered World War I, Wilson violated his position of strict neutrality by supporting economic policies that favored the allied nations (Britain and France). 1. President Theodore Roosevelt was called a trustbuster because he 1. 2. 3. 4. Directed the building of the Panama Canal. Encouraged conservation of natural resources. Supported legal action against business Monopoly. Resigned from the Republican Party. 2. Which had in best completes the partial outline below? I ___________________________________________ A. B. C. D. The United States claims the Hawaiian Islands. Puerto Rico becomes a United States territory. The United States fights, an insurrection in the Philippine islands. The United States Senate ratified the Panama Canal Treaty. 1. 2. 3. 4. Rise of American imperialism. Causes of World War I. Enforcement of the Monroe doctrine. Trade expansion in East India. 3. Which statement best expresses President Theodore Roosevelt’s philosophy of regulating big business? 1. 2. 3. 4. Regulation of big business should be left to the states. Any regulation of big businesses undesirable. Abusive trusts should be broken up by a vigilant federal government. Government ownership of key industries will benefit consumers. 4. President Theodore Roosevelt was called a trustbuster because he. 1. 2. 3. 4. Supported the building of the Panama Canal. Negotiated peace between Russia and Japan. Supported legal action against business monopolies. Protected public lands from environmental damage. 5. President Theodore Roosevelt’s commitment to the proverb, “speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far,” was most clearly shown when he. 1. 2. 3. 4. Opposed consumer protection laws. Intervened in Latin American affairs. Promoted the conservation of natural resources. Conducted the Bull Moose campaign of 1912.