Groups and Teams

FLUID & ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES H Y P E R k a l e m i a (over 3.5) POTASSIUM P - Potassium P - Priority! Since it.. P - Pumps heart & muscles 3.0 - 3.5 HEART - TIGHT & CONTRACTED 1. ST elevation and Peaked T waves 2. Severe = Vfib or Cardiac Standstill! 3. Hypotension, Bradycardia GI TRACT - TIGHT & CONTRACTED 1. Diarrhea 2. Hyperactive bowel sounds NEUROMUSCULAR- TIGHT & CONTRACTED Paralysis in Extremities Increased DTR Profound Muscle Weakness, (General Feeling of heaviness) S - Sodium S - Swells body to maintain: SODIUM 135 - 145 • Blood pressure • Blood Volume • pH balance 97 - 107 MAGNESIUM 1.3 - 2.1 GI - LOW & SLOW Decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds, Constipation Abdominal distention Paralytic ileus, paralyzed intestines! *PRIORITY* for SB0 (small bowel obstruction) H Y P E R n a t r e m i a (over 145) H Y P O n a t e r m i a (below 135) BIG & BLOATED DEPRESSED & DEFLATED 2. POLYDIPSIA EXCESS THIRST HEART = Tachycardia, & weak thready pulses 3. LATE SERIOUS SIGN SWOLLEN dry tongue NCLEXTIP GI = nausea & vomiting NCLEXTIP INCREASED muscle tone NCLEXTIP RESPIRATORY ARREST H Y P E R c h l o r e m i a (over 107) NEARLY SAME AS HIGH SODIUM 1. 2. 3. NAUSEA & VOMITING SWOLLEN DRY TONGUE CONFUSION H Y P E R m a g n e s e m i a (over 2.1) M - Magnesium M - Mellows the M - Muscles (relaxes) MUSCULAR - LOW & SLOW 2. Decreased DTR 3. Muscle cramping 4. Flaccid paralysis (paralyzed limbs) NEURO = Seizures & Coma Maintains: • Blood pressure • Blood Volume • pH balance HEART - LOW & SLOW 1. Flat T waves, ST depression, & prominent U wave 1. SKIN FLUSH ‘’Red & Rosy’’ , EDEMA ‘’waterbed skin’’ LOW GRADE FEVER Sodium’s side kick CHLORIDE H Y P O k a l e m i a (below 3.0) 1. CARDIAC - CALM & QUIET Heart block Prolonged PR intervals VITALS = bradycardia, Hypotension 2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - CALM & QUIET Hyporeflexia - Decreased DTR 3. LUNGS - CALM & QUIET Depressed shallow respirations 4. GI - CALM & QUIET Hypoactive bowel sounds H Y P O c h l o r e m i a (below 97) NEARLY SAME AS LOW SODIUM 1. EXCESSIVE DIARRHEA, 2. VOMITING, SWEATING, FEVER 1 2 TEST TIP: ONLY DIFFERENCE 3 H Y P O m a g n e s e m i a (below 1.3) 1. CARDIAC - BUCK WILD! EKG: ST depression, T wave inversion Torsades de pointes SEVERE = V fib VITALS = Tachycardia 2. DEEP TENDON REFLEXES - BUCK WILD! Hyporeflexia - increased DTR 3. EYES - BUCK WILD! Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus) 4. GI - BUCK WILD! Diarrhea CALCIUM 9.0 - 10.5 Keeps the 3 B’s Strong: B - Bone B - Blood B - Beats (heart) H Y P E R c a l c e m i a (over 10.5) SWOLLEN & SLOW - MOANS, GROANS & STONES 1. 2. 3. 4. CONSTIPATION BONE PAIN STONES Renal Calculi (kidney stones) DEEP TENDON REFLEXES Decreased DTR Severe muscle weakness H Y P E R p h o s p h a t e m i a (over 4.5) Helps with bone & teeth formation Helps regulate calcium PHOSPHATE 3.0 - 4.5 Ca HIGH = Phosphate LOW Ca LOW = Phosphate HIGH ‘’LOW CALCIUM’’ CA+ 1. 2. 3. 4. TROUSSEAU’S SIGNS CHVOSTEK’S SIGNS DIARRHEA WEAK B’s Strong bones? WEAK! (fractures) Strong blood clotting? WEAK! (risk for bleeding) Strong heart beats? WEAK! (cardiac dysthymias) H y p o c a l c e m i a (below 9.0) 1. T - Trousseau’s T - Twerking arm with BP cuff on 2. C - Chvostek’s C - Cheek smile when touched 3. Diarrhea 4. Circumoral tingling 5. Weak bones H Y P O p h o s p h a t e m i a (below 3.0) Swollen & SLOW - MOAN, GROANS & STONES 1. CONSTIPATION 2. DECREASED DTR & SEVERE MUSCLE WEAKNESS 3. DECREASED HR, RR 4. INCREASED BP