Parts of Speech Overview Answer Key

L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 11 Chapter 2: Parts of Speech Overview CN 8. Mr. Morales was fascinated by the koalas at CN the San Diego Zoo. Choices: Exploring Parts of Speech 9. Manuel is the new goalie on the team. Choices activities are designed to extend and enrich students’ understanding of grammar, usage, and mechanics and to take learners beyond traditional classroom instruction. To use the Choices worksheet, have each student pick an activity that interests him or her. In some cases, you may wish to assign an activity to a particular student or group of students. You may also want to request that students get your approval for the activities they choose. Establish guidelines for what constitutes successful completion of an activity. Then, help students plan how they will share their work with the rest of the class. Choices activities can be scored with a passfail grade or treated as bonus-point projects. Those activities that require students to research or create a certain number of items might be graded in a traditional manner. 10. Stephanie is having a party after the football game. CN 11. Did your grandparents go to Hawaii for a convention or a vacation? 12. The storm interrupted the final game of the CN World Series. 13. The journalists learned to have faith in their CN editor in chief. 14. Lucy, a young chimpanzee, learned several CN words in sign language. 15. Ryan always puts a little humor into his CN term papers. Common and Proper Nouns EXERCISE A The Noun 1. Jules Verne must have loved adventure. EXERCISE A 2. Born in France, he worked on 1. When a volcano erupted in the Sunda Strait of Indonesia, the whole world felt the effects. 2. The noise from the eruption of Krakatoa could be heard at great distances. 3. The force from the blast could be felt as far away as Hawaii. 4. A cloud of ash circled the globe and created spectacular sunsets. 5. Volcanic eruptions are powerful forces that can affect the entire planet and its living creatures. EXERCISE B CN 6. Please put these new books in the bookcase over there. CN CN 7. Takako Mioshi, an exchange student, is here from Japan for the year. a ship when he was a boy. 3. Later he studied law in Paris, but he preferred a career in literature. 4. He wrote a popular play, which provided only a little income. 5. Verne found a job as a stockbroker, but he also pursued his literary dreams. 6. He wrote books about imaginary adventures, such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth. 7. The public loved these stories and eagerly awaited each new novel. 8. Many of his books, including Around the World in Eighty Days, have been made into movies. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 12 9. These novels by Verne influenced another famous writer, H. G. Wells. 19. When Jared hit the beehive with a stick, a swarm of angry bees flew out. 10. Wells wrote over one hundred books, including The War of the Worlds. 20. For this short flight, the plane needs a crew of only three. EXERCISE B Identifying Kinds of Nouns Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. EXERCISE 11. Don’t forget to take your copy of Barrio Boy to English. 12. I would love to travel to England and Japan. 13. To get to Tallahassee, you need to get on I-10. 14. Before we go to the Paramount Theater, I should tell Uncle Josh where we’ll be. 15. I am learning to speak Spanish and French. Concrete Nouns, Abstract Nouns, and Collective Nouns EXERCISE A 1. 2. 3. 4. ABS CON CON 5. CON 6. CON 7. ABS 8. CON 9. ABS 10. CON ABS EXERCISE B 11. I sing tenor in a quartet. 12. Everyone in the group received a door prize. 13. The team arrived early and went to the locker room. 14. As I watched, a flock of geese flew overhead. 15. The jury filed into their seats and listened to the judge’s instructions. 16. During lunch today the committee will meet to plan fund-raising events. 17. Can you find your way through this thick grove of trees? 18. The cat and her litter found a home in my dog’s abandoned doghouse. 1. Mrs. Perry was planning a field trip to PRO, CON Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico. PRO, CON 2. Parts of Carlsbad Caverns are still unexplored. 3. The giant formations produce feelings of COM, ABS awe in many visitors. COM, ABS 4. She captured our interest by describing cave-dwelling animals and fish. COM, CON 5. Blindfish live in dark areas such as caves and underground streams. COM, ABS 6. A distinguishing characteristic of these fish is blindness. 7. They have nerves on their bodies that have COM, ABS a special sensitivity. COM, CON 8. When tiny animals such as amphipods move, the blindfish sense the movement. COM, CON 9. In this way, the fish can find and eat smaller animals without using sight. COM, CON 10. A blindfish may eat its own offspring if it senses their movement. COM, CON 11. These young fish stop moving when they feel something swimming nearby. PRO, CON 12. Blindfish may be found in Mammoth Cave in Kentucky and in other caves across the U.S. 13. Mammoth Cave is part of the longest COM, CON known cave system in the world. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 13 14. As a result of our field trip to the caverns, I COM, ABS developed a desire to learn more. COM, CON 15. I learned that geologists study caves and the stalactites and stalagmites within. PRO, CON 16. The Geology Department at Idaho State University has an interesting Web site. COM, CON 17. It contains photos, information, and links to other Web sites about geology. 18. All of this fascinating information has COM, ABS increased my enthusiasm and curiosity. COM, CON 19. My cousin belongs to a group of cave 10. These tales are enjoyable, and they don’t take long to read. EXERCISE B Answers may vary slightly. you 11. Larry, will Larry please work this math problem? 12. These plants do not bear flowers, nor are they these plants poisonous. 13. My ten-year-old cat is jealous, and he my ten-year-old cat has not accepted the new kitten. 14. When Amanda and Kirsten got to class, they COM, ABS Amanda and Kirsten realized they 20. Before I join, I will have to conquer my fear were late. of the dark. it 15. The lecture was long, but the lecture was Pronouns and Antecedents informative. explorers. EXERCISE A 1. You have probably read or heard Aesop’s Personal, Reflexive, and Intensive Pronouns, EXERCISE fables. 2. Aesop was once a Greek slave; he may have lived on the island of Samos. 3. Aesop told stories about animals with human traits; they spoke and thought like people. 4. One well-known story is about a boy who cried “Wolf!” even though he saw no wolf. 5. Later, when the boy was in real danger from a wolf, he again cried “Wolf!” 6. The villagers had grown tired of the boy’s false alarms, and they ignored his cries. 7. Have you heard the story about the ant and the grasshopper? 8. The grasshopper chirps and plays during summer, and it does not prepare for winter. 9. The ant works hard at storing food, and this food saves it from starving in the winter. R 1. Sara picked up a handout for herself. P 2. Are you aware of the dangers of smoking? P R 3. We should not let ourselves overlook the plight of the homeless. P 4. “I will not tolerate lateness,” the band P leader told us. I P 5. The principal himself called me with the good news. P 6. “Jogging is not for me,” said Dr. Wong. R 7. The cat found a hiding place for itself. 8. After the twins assembled the ingredients, P they looked for the muffin tins. P 9. Before you mop the floor, please move the chairs. P 10. Don’t wear the new boots until you waterP proof them. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 14 P P 11. I can’t believe they won the contest! P R 12. Sometimes I make myself laugh. P 13. Max asked, “Are you ready to come with P P me and do our homework now?” R 14. Ms. Lin found herself looking forward to the afternoon classes. P R 15. Where will you find yourself a sweater like Kerry’s? P I 16. The choir director said that he himself would sing a solo. P P P 17. If you want to join us, call him now. I 18. The dog itself opened the gate! P P 19. Have you met them? 20. The seasoned, adult climbers pulled R themselves onto the narrow ledge. Demonstrative Pronouns and Relative Pronouns EXERCISE R 1. The equator, which crosses Africa, is at 0° latitude. D 2. These are the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans. R 3. Chinua Achebe, whose native country is Nigeria, won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1989. R 4. The water that lies to the west of Africa is the Atlantic Ocean. D 5. “That is the small African republic Togo,” Mr. Lawson told us. R 6. The Mediterranean Sea, which borders Africa to the north, is the largest inland sea in the world. R 7. Commercial fishers who work in the Mediterranean Sea catch tuna, sardines, and anchovies. D 8. These are among the four hundred species of fish in this sea. D 9. Is that the Kalahari Desert or the Sahara? R 10. The country in Africa that fascinates me most is Egypt. R 11. Joseph Conrad, whom I studied in English class, wrote a novel about the Congo. R 12. Captain Marlow, who is the main character of Heart of Darkness, is a sailor. R 13. Libya, which lies south of the Mediterranean Sea, borders the western side of Egypt. D 14. “Is this Madagascar?” I asked, pointing to an island east of Africa. 15. The map doesn’t show the Tropic of R Capricorn, which runs through Madagascar. D 16. That is not possible! 17. The Tropic of Capricorn is an imaginary R line that marks the southern edge of the tropics. D 18. That is the Tropic of Cancer, the northern boundary of the tropics. 19. They are the southernmost and northernR most points at which the sun is directly overhead. D 20. These are really hard to see on this map. Indefinite Pronouns and Interrogative Pronouns EXERCISE A IND 1. Will many attend the school play? IND 2. Several of my friends are attending with me. INT 3. Who did you say is the lead actor? L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 15 IND 4. Nobody is more excited about the play REF PER 8. He soon found himself at the forefront of than I! INT 5. Which of the costumes do you prefer? commercial peach production in Georgia. PER PER 9. He developed ways to ship peaches so they EXERCISE B INT 6. Whom are you tutoring in Spanish? IND 7. Everything is starting to make sense now. IND 8. Few could restrain their laughter at the unexpected joke. IND 9. Will somebody erase the chalkboards, please? IND 10. Others are low-fat, such as the baked chicken and rice. INT 11. Who will volunteer as a tutor this semester? INT 12. Whose is this backpack blocking the aisle? IND 13. Many of the dishes in the cafeteria are vegetarian. INT 14. Which of these science experiments is yours? IND 15. The principal announced that all will participate in the fund-raising event. Identifying Kinds of Pronouns EXERCISE DEM REL 1. These are Elberta peaches, which are very would arrive in good condition. INTEN 10. The Elberta peach itself is very firm and ships well. Adjectives and Articles EXERCISE A I 1. Yes, Sylvia has an older brother. D 2. The sudden wind chilled us. I 3. Someday you may own a small electric car. I 4. Edna ordered a large sandwich with extra onions. D 5. The mysterious noises terrified everyone. EXERCISE B 6. Mary Shelley wrote a horror story. 7. The plot of the story was imaginative. 8. One rainy summer, she had listened to several stories about ghosts. 9. Friends had made up scary stories about monsters. 10. Someone challenged the group to write a ghost story. popular in the United States. IND 2. Nobody really knows where the fruit came 11. Mary thought about the stories all night from originally. PER REL 3. We read a story that may or may not 12. She dreamed of a young scientist who be true. INTER 4. Who started the story? REL 5. A man in Georgia, whose name was 13. Mary wrote a story of the ghastly night- Samuel Rumph, grew peaches. IND PER 6. One of them was particularly beautiful. PER 7. The man named the peach after his wife, 15. Several movies have been made from it. Elberta. and had a strange nightmare. created a monster. mare and called it Frankenstein. 14. The eerie novel was very successful. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 16 Noun or Adjective? EXERCISE A A 1. This town needs a good dress shop. N 2. Allison bought a white dress for the dance. A 3. The glass top on that table is difficult to clean. N 4. This glass is still dirty. N 5. Tomorrow is my birthday. A 6. Ramona mailed a birthday card to her grandmother. A 7. Put some of this good Texas barbecue sauce on your sandwich. N 8. Sam Houston was the president of Texas before it became a state. A 9. Many attended the holiday festival. N 10. I received many cards during the holiday. EXERCISE B Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 11. Silver is the precious metal given at twentyfifth wedding anniversaries. / The silver ring symbolizes enduring love. 12. Will somebody please answer that annoying telephone? / The telephone booth was missing its phone book. 13. We recycle most of our paper. / Do you know how to fold a paper airplane? 14. Eek! I just saw a mouse in the pantry! / Becca, please keep the trackball on the mouse pad. 15. Wear a hat to protect your head from the fierce sunlight. / Meet me in the hat store. Demonstrative Adjectives EXERCISE A DA 1. Is that cloth as soft as silk? DA 2. Those peppers burn like fire! DP 3. These are as valuable as gold. DA 4. Listen to this girl sing. DP 5. That is as black as coal. EXERCISE B DA 6. These marigolds are a rich shade of gold. DP 7. On the other hand, those are pale yellow. DA 8. My windowsill garden contains these herbs: chives, parsley, and basil. DA 9. Those pepper plants will provide us with plenty of jalapeños. DP 10. This is the perfect place for the bed of pansies. DA 11. That plant is poisonous, so don’t let the dog chew it. DP 12. How deeply should I plant these? DA 13. Should I plant those sunflowers near the fence? DP 14. That is where I’ll place the birdbath. DP 15. Will those survive the first frost? Common and Proper Adjectives If you classify possessive pronouns as adjectives, then underscoring my in 4, your in 6, and my in 8 may be considered correct. EXERCISE A 1. I like melodious and eerie Celtic music. 2. Do you prefer Spanish architecture? 3. I’m fascinated by the stories from Greek mythology. (Fascinated can also be considered as part of the verb phrase, not as an adjective. Either answer is correct.) 4. Would you come to my New Year’s Eve party? 5. Was T. S. Eliot American or English? 6. I love your Australian accent! 7. I am studying Roman architecture as well as modern styles of building. 8. I asked for a gray pony for my thirteenth birthday, but I didn’t get one. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 17 9. Ashley Bryan is a master storyteller. 10. Bryan has also illustrated books on African American culture. EXERCISE B Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Italian opera Buddhist temple Midwestern states Labor Day parade California highway Noun, Pronoun, or Adjective? p. 38 EXERCISE P 1. Many have heard about how the pony express carried the mail in 1860 and 1861. 2. However, the pony express lasted only A eighteen months. A 3. Among its young riders was William Cody, later known as Buffalo Bill. A 4. The arrival of transcontinental telegraph lines put an end to the pony express. 5. Even the fastest riders could not compete N with the telegraph. N 6. Silkworms thrive on a diet of mulberry leaves and form cocoons of silk fiber. 7. A scarf made of wool may be warmer than A a silk scarf. A 8. These plants have poisonous leaves. P 9. I can’t believe you said that! A 10. This is just a summer shower, so it won’t last long. N 11. Louis Braille invented a special alphabet that allows people with visual impairments to read. P 12. The alphabet uses raised dots that the visually impaired can feel. 13. The dots are arranged in patterns, with A different patterns standing for individual letters or sounds. N 14. A person reads Braille by rubbing one or two fingertips over the elevated dots. A 15. Using a pointed stylus and a metal slate, a person can write Braille by hand. A 16. People also use Braille typewriters and computers. P 17. These are the short stories that my friends and I wrote. A 18. This story is especially funny, and I wrote it. 19. All of us are going to enter the annual short N story contest. P 20. One of us is sure to win the prize, which is a scholarship to a summer writing workshop. Review A: Nouns EXERCISE A 1. William Sydney Porter had talent. 2. The man was a writer. 3. His pen name was O. Henry. 4. Porter spent three years in prison. 5. Funds were found missing from a bank where he had worked. 6. Some people believe he was a sloppy bookkeeper but not a criminal. 7. His first story was published by St. Paul Pioneer Press while he was a prisoner. 8. After leaving the penitentiary, O. Henry became famous as a writer. 9. When he died, he was hailed as a master of the modern short story. 10. The home where O. Henry lived in Austin, Texas, is now preserved as a museum. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 18 REL 15. Lily was the only person who voted against EXERCISE B 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. COM, ABS COM, CON PROP, CON COM, CON COM, ABS 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. COM, CON COM, ABS PROP, CON COM, CON COM, CON Review B: Pronouns and Antecedents EXERCISE A I 1. The instructor herself first demonstrated the dive. I 2. Aaron cooked the entire meal himself. P 3. The proud athlete will display her trophy in the school’s trophy case. R 4. A frightened hedgehog curls itself into a ball. P 5. The artist wanted you to come to the gallery opening. 6. Tyra baked two loaves and then sliced P them. R 7. The swim team outdid itself in the freestyle relay. P 8. Consuela smiled and said, “I know the words to the song.” I 9. The senator herself signed the letter. P 10. Is the sponge you bought natural or artificial ? EXERCISE B INT REL 11. Who is the boy who wore the red wig in the first act? IND REL 12. Hairstyle is one of the personal details that the measure. DEM REL 16. These are the best photographs that Pat has ever seen! IND 17. Jamal called the house, but no one answered. REL 18. Please put away the boxes that are on the DEM floor, and then help Marvin move this. INT 19. What should Susan bring to the party? DEM 20. Of all the fruits, these have the most vitamin C. Review C: Adjectives and Articles EXERCISE A D 1. Have you ever seen the huge rosebush in Tombstone, Arizona? D 2. Every spring, the bush is covered with white flowers. D 3. The bush was brought over from Great Britain. I 4. It is a popular attraction for tourists. I 5. It has a thick trunk and many branches. D 6. The plant is very old now. 7. Many people travel to Tombstone to see this bush. D 8. It grows beside the old Rose Tree Inn. D I 9. The rosebush covers a large area. D 10. One source calls it the largest rosebush in D the world. EXERCISE B Janet always notices. IND REL 13. Everyone who enters the lab must wear a 11. A cameo is a carving often on a striated coverall. INT 14. Whom will the class choose as a 12. A striated gem has veins of different representative? gemstone. colors. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 19 13. The artist cuts the carving on the lighter color. 14. The darker color forms a complementary background. 15. Nowadays most cameos feature the profile of a head. 16. The history of cameos traces back to ancient civilizations in Egypt, Greece, and Etruria. 17. The ancient Egyptians placed carved stone seals in their tombs. 18. The carved pattern on these seals was the scarab beetle. 19. The scarab was a mystic symbol. 20. Ancient Egyptians sometimes wore a carving of a scarab as a charm. Literary Model: Poem EXERCISE A Mama Is a Sunrise When she comes slip-footing through the door, she kindles us like lump coal lighted, and we wake up glowing. She puts a spark even in Papa’s eyes and turns out all our darkness. When she comes sweet-talking in the room, she warms us like grits and gravy, and we rise up shining. Even at nighttime Mama is a sunrise that promises tomorrow and tomorrow. “Mama Is a Sunrise” by Evelyn Tooley Hunt from The Lyric, 1972. Reprinted by permission of The Estate of Evelyn Tooley Hunt. Common Nouns door coal spark eyes Common Nouns darkness room grits gravy nighttime sunrise tomorrow tomorrow Proper Nouns Papa’s Mama EXERCISE B Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 1. a sunrise 2. I think the poet communicates that Mama makes a powerful positive impression on her family. Words such as "lump coal" and "grits and gravy" support the characterization of Mama because they conjure up strong sensory images. EXERCISE C Answers will vary. Sample responses are given. 1. Jeanna breeze nature air spring brook sunshine levity birds clown flower 2. My sister passes through rooms like a breeze. She is Spring brought indoors, a brook sparkling just beneath our feet, the trees swaying over our tired heads. We can smell mountain air when she moves. We can hear birds when she speaks. My sister enters the house, and the warm wilderness comes with her. Nature springs forth, but so fluidly. She brings it with her. L09NALSSPAK7_011-020 2/28/08 2:07 PM Page 20 EXERCISE D Answers will vary. A sample response is given. I used the nouns to create a metaphor comparing my sister with nature. These particular nouns create an image of a beautiful day in a natural setting and help to describe my sister’s lighthearted, breezy, calm personality. Writing Application: Journal Entry Writing Applications are designed to provide students immediate composition practice in using key concepts taught in each chapter of the Language and Sentence Skills Practice booklet. You may wish to evaluate student responses to these assignments as you do any other writing that students produce. To save grading time, however, you may want to use the following scoring rubric. 20 Scoring Rubric The journal entry includes at least ten proper nouns. 1 2 3 4 5 Interesting, specific details give a clear picture of student life. 1 2 3 4 5 The journal entry has a clear, easy-to-follow organization. 1 2 3 4 5 The assignment is relatively free of errors in usage and mechanics. 1 2 3 4 5 Total Score 5  highest; 1  lowest HOLT HANDBOOK First Course