Module 09 Information Systems

Module 09: Information Systems 1. A(n) ____________ system collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information, typically within the context of an organization. ANSWER: information 2. The scope of an information system includes which of the following? a. Computers, communications networks, and data b. People and products c. Policies and procedures d. All of the above 3. A(n) _____________ is a group of people working together to accomplish a goal. a. information system b. organization c. TPS d. MIS 4. Every organization has a goal or plan that’s referred to as its ___________. ANSWER: mission 5. Information systems designed for a specific industry or enterprise may use vertical market software. a. True b. False 6. Horizontal market software is designed to meet the needs of a single industry while vertical market software meets the needs of many different industries. a. True b. False 7. __________ are the people who directly carry out the organization’s mission. ANSWER: Workers 8. _________ determine organizational goals and plan how to achieve those goals. ANSWER: Managers 9. The emphasis on long-range and future goals is referred to as _________ planning. ANSWER: strategic 10. Information systems can provide some or all of the data needed for strategic and tactical planning but not operational planning. a. True b. False 11. One of the major functions of an information system is to help people make decisions in response to problems. a. True Page 1 Module 09: Information Systems b. False 12. In an information system, problems can be classified into three types: structured, ________, and unstructured. ANSWER: semi-structured 13. Which type of problem requires human intuition as the basis for finding a solution? a. Structured b. Unstructured c. Semi-structured d. None of the above 14. A(n) ___________ processing system provides a way to collect, process, store, display, modify, or cancel transactions. ANSWER: transaction 15. Most modern transaction processing systems use ________ processing—a real-time method in which each transaction is processed as it is entered. a. batch b. online c. inline d. none of the above 16. A transaction processing system is characterized by its ability to: a. collect, display, and modify transactions. b. store transactions. c. list transactions. d. all of the above. 17. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a management information system? a. Collects, displays, and modifies transactions b. Provides useful information for managerial activities c. Increases managerial efficiency d. Produces routine and on-demand reports 18. A(n) ___________ report contains information that is outside of normal or acceptable ranges. ANSWER: exception 19. A decision ____________ system helps people make decisions by directly manipulating data, accessing data from external sources, generating statistical projections, and creating data models of various scenarios. ANSWER: support 20. One type of decision support system (DSS), called an executive information system, is designed to provide senior managers with information relevant to ___________ management activities such as setting policies, planning, and preparing budgets. Page 2 Module 09: Information Systems ANSWER: strategic 21. A DSS derives its name from the fact that it provides the tools a decision maker needs to analyze data. a. True b. False 22. A DSS manipulates the data needed to make a decision as well as making a decision. a. True b. False 23. The process of designing, entering, and testing the rules in an expert system is referred to as __________. a. decision analysis b. knowledge engineering c. programming d. decision modeling 24. An expert system __________ is a software tool containing an inference engine and a user interface that developers use to enter facts and rules for a knowledge base. ANSWER: shell 25. Expert systems are designed to deal with data that is imprecise or with problems that have more than one solution using a technique called __________ logic. ANSWER: fuzzy 26. ____________ refers to business transactions that are conducted electronically over a computer network. ANSWER: Ecommerce 27. Which ecommerce classification encompasses online storefronts selling merchandise and services to consumers? a. C2C (consumer-to-consumer) b. B2B (business-to-business) c. B2C (business-to-consumer) d. B2G (business-to-government) 28. Which ecommerce classification encompasses consumers selling merchandise and services to each other? a. C2C b. B2G c. B2C d. B2B 29. An ecommerce ____________ is the software that handles ecommerce transactions. ANSWER: application Page 3 Module 09: Information Systems 30. An online shopping cart uses _________ to store information about a customer’s activities on an ecommerce site. ANSWER: cookies 31. On an ecommerce site, after finding a(n) _________ with a cart ID number, the site can display the cart’s contents to the customer. ANSWER: cookie 32. A key component of an ecommerce application is an online _________. a. DSS b. cookie c. MIS d. cart 33. Payment processing is based on an online payment __________ that authorizes credit and debit cards, PayPal, and Apple Pay transactions. ANSWER: gateway 34. At an ecommerce site, the merchant’s ecommerce application carries out only the first and last stages of the payment process. a. True b. False 35. A(n) ___________ is the sequence of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. a. supply chain b. payment gateway c. ecommerce application d. payment processing routine 36. Technically, a supply chain stretches from raw materials and parts all the way to customer delivery. a. True b. False 37. Businesses use ___________ chain management to maximize efficiency and profitability by tracking the movement of raw materials and products. ANSWER: supply 38. The goal of supply chain management (SCM) is to supply customers with the right product at the right price. a. True b. False 39. Data for SCM does not necessarily take into account customer demand for products. a. True b. False Page 4 Module 09: Information Systems 40. In business circles, the galaxy of services that revolves around customers is called customer ___________ management. ANSWER: relationship 41. Customer __________ programs such as Zappos Rewards and VIP help attract and retain customers. ANSWER: loyalty 42. A major source of data for customer relationship management (CRM) is produced by loyalty programs. a. True b. False 43. _______ applications provide optimal information when they encompass customer support, marketing, and sales. a. SCM b. CRM c. Supply chain d. All of the above 44. Which of the following is not a core component of a CRM system? a. Sales b. Marketing c. Customer support d. Payment gateway 45. The acronym ERP stands for enterprise relationship payment. a. True b. False 46. In addition to sales, CRM, and SCM, the modules in an ERP system support business activities such as _____________. a. product planning b. manufacturing and purchasing c. inventory control and distribution d. all of the above 47. The use of several databases is one of ERP’s major advantages. a. True b. False 48. A(n) _____ system can provide such benefits as improved overall performance by standardizing business processes based on best practices or improved access to information from a single database to an enterprise. ANSWER: ERP Page 5 Module 09: Information Systems 49. An information system progresses through several phases as it is developed, used, and finally retired. These phases are usually referred to by the acronym _________. ANSWER: SDLC 50. A(n) _________ SDLC can be used to create and implement a small subset of a system and then enhance it through a series of upgrades. ANSWER: iterative 51. Iterative SDLCs are often referred to as “agile methods” because they allow flexibility as development progresses. a. True b. False 52. Systems analysis and design is a discipline that focuses on developing information systems according to the phases of a(n) _________. (Hint: Use the acronym.) ANSWER: SDLC 53. Iterative SDLCs are often referred to as “______ methods” because they allow flexibility as development progresses. ANSWER: agile 54. The goal of the planning phase for an information system project is to create a(n) ____________. a. iterative SDLC b. systems analysis and design c. project development plan d. system development life cycle 55. The planning phase of an SDLC includes all of the following except _________. a. assembling the project team b. writing a requirements report c. justifying the project d. producing a project development plan 56. A widely accepted technique called __________ application design is based on the idea that the best information systems are designed when end users and systems analysts work together on a project as equal partners. ANSWER: joint 57. JAD provides a structured methodology for planning and holding a series of meetings in which users and analysts jointly identify problems and look for solutions. a. True b. False 58. Which of the following is not included in Michael Porter’s Five Forces model? a. Supply chain efficiency b. Bargaining power of buyers c. Bargaining power of suppliers Page 6 Module 09: Information Systems d. Threat of new entrants 59. Which business practice is a technique initiated by top management that involves all employees and all departments and focuses on quality assurance in every product and service offered to customers? a. BPM b. SDLC c. MRP d. TQM 60. __________ methodology focuses on the processes that take place within an information system. ANSWER: Structured 61. Information engineering methodology treats an information system as a collection of objects that interact to accomplish tasks. a. True b. False 62. Industry standard tools for scheduling and project management include PERT, WBS, and ________. a. TQM b. BPM c. ERP d. Gantt charts 63. The goal of the ____________ phase of an SDLC is to produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system. ANSWER: analysis 64. Which of the following is not part of the analysis phase of an SDLC? a. Develop a project schedule. b. Determine system requirements. c. Write requirements report. d. Study the current system. 65. System _________ are the criteria for successfully solving problems identified in an information system. ANSWER: requirements 66. A document called a system requirements report describes the objectives for an information system. a. True b. False 67. In data flow diagram (DFD) terminology, a(n) ____________ entity is a person, an organization, or a device outside the information system that originates or receives data. ANSWER: external Page 7 Module 09: Information Systems 68. In DFD terminology, a data store is a process that changes data by performing a calculation, updating information, or sorting a list. a. True b. False 69. The current standard for object-oriented documentation is referred to as ______. a. XML b. UML c. HTML d. DSS 70. One type of UML diagram documents the users, or actors, of an information system and the functions they perform. Any task an actor performs is called a use _______. ANSWER: case 71. In object-oriented documentation, a(n) __________ diagram provides the name of each object, a list of each object’s attributes, a list of methods, and an indication of the associations between objects. ANSWER: class 72. A(n) _________ tool is a software application designed for documenting system requirements, diagramming current and proposed information systems, scheduling development tasks, and developing computer programs. ANSWER: CASE 73. In the ________ phase of the SDLC, the project team must figure out how the new system will fulfill the requirements specified in the system requirements report. ANSWER: design 74. The design phase of an SDLC includes all of the following except _________. a. select hardware and software b. develop application specifications c. identify potential solutions d. write requirements report 75. A(n) ____________ system consists of hardware and application software designed to offer a complete information system solution. ANSWER: turnkey 76. An application development tool is essentially a software construction kit containing building blocks that can be assembled into a software product. a. True b. False 77. Application software for an information system is usually a series of preprogrammed software modules supplied by a software publisher. Page 8 Module 09: Information Systems a. True b. False 78. Using a(n) ________ support worksheet, the project team can assign scores to each criterion, weigh them, and compare totals for all solutions. ANSWER: decision 79. During the design phase of an SDLC, if the project team selects a solution that requires custom programming, the team’s systems analysts will create a set of ________ specifications. ANSWER: application 80. Detailed application specifications can be developed before or after selecting the hardware and software for an information system. a. True b. False 81. Proposed changes to application specifications should be managed within a formal process that includes written change _______. ANSWER: requests 82. Some projects fail because of constant, unmanaged demand for changes, often referred to as ________. ANSWER: feature creep 83. In the __________ phase of the SDLC, the project team chooses a solution, selects hardware and software, and designs detailed application specifications. ANSWER: design 84. The implementation phase of an SDLC includes all of the following except _________. a. obtain approval b. purchase or contract for hardware and software c. test applications d. create applications 85. During the ____________ phase of the SDLC, the project team supervises the tasks necessary to construct the new information system. ANSWER: implementation 86. As the design phase of an SDLC begins, programming languages, development tools, and application software needed for the new information system are purchased, installed, and tested to ensure that they work correctly. a. True b. False 87. During the ____________ phase, new hardware is purchased, installed, and tested to ensure that it operates correctly. ANSWER: implementation Page 9 Module 09: Information Systems 88. Software ____________ is the process of modifying a commercial application to reflect an organization’s needs. ANSWER: customization 89. ____________ testing is the process of trying out various sequences of input values and checking the results to verify that the application works as it was designed. ANSWER: Application 90. After unit and integration testing are completed, _________ testing ensures that all hardware and software components work together. a. application b. system c. unit d. integration 91. System ___________ describes a system’s features, hardware architecture, and programming. ANSWER: documentation 92. _________ documentation describes how to interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks. ANSWER: User 93. __________ documentation describes a system’s features, hardware architecture, and programming. ANSWER: System 94. System documentation contains step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks. a. True b. False 95. System ____________ refers to the process of deactivating an old information system and activating a new one. ANSWER: conversion 96. Acceptance testing is designed to verify that the new information system works as required. a. True b. False 97. The maintenance phase of an SDLC includes all of the following except _________. a. make backups b. optimize for speed and security c. convert data d. revise as necessary to meet business needs 98. The ____________ phase of the SDLC involves the day-to-day operation of the system, making modifications to improve performance, and correcting problems. ANSWER: maintenance 99. The term quality of service refers to the level of performance a computer system provides. Page 10 Module 09: Information Systems a. True b. False 100. Three key concepts that ensure good quality of service include all of the following except _______. a. reliability b. convertibility c. availability d. serviceability 101. A quality-of-service ____________ is a technique used for measuring a specific QoS characteristic. ANSWER: metric 102. Many organizations establish a(n) ____________staffed by technical support specialists who are familiar with the information system’s software. ANSWER: help desk 103. A(n) ______________ rating of 150,000 hours means that, on average, a device could function for 150,000 hours before failing. (Hint: Use the acronym.) ANSWER: MTBF 104. Common threats to corporate information systems are limited to software failures and security breaches. a. True b. False 105. Human errors are mistakes made by computer operators. a. True b. False 106. Acts of war affect only computer systems located on battlefronts. a. True b. False 107. A(n) ___________ is a specialized facility designed to hold and protect computer systems and data. ANSWER: data center 108. A(n) __________ center is where several corporations lease space and equipment to hold and protect their data. ANSWER: colocation 109. Data centers are designed to proactively reduce the risk of data loss that might occur as a result of a disaster. a. True b. False Page 11 Module 09: Information Systems 110. Dark data centers are an extension of ___________, which allows system administrators to monitor and manage servers using remote control software. a. colocation b. fuzzy logic c. lights-out management d. none of the above 111. A(n) ____________ is a step-by-step description of the methods used to secure data against disaster and a set of guidelines for how an organization will recover lost data and resume operations if and when a disaster occurs. ANSWER: disaster recovery plan 112. A data _________ is an incident in which personal data is viewed, accessed, or retrieved without authorization. ANSWER: breach 113. Hacking accounts for about 90% of data breaches. a. True b. False 114. ___________ is the fraudulent use of someone’s personal information to carry out transactions. ANSWER: Identity theft 115. Which type of security measure reduces the effect of an attack by using data backups, disaster recovery plans, and the availability of redundant hardware devices? a. Corrective procedures b. Preventive countermeasures c. Detection activities d. Deterrents 116. Which type of security measure reduces the likelihood of a deliberate attack? a. Preventive countermeasures b. Detection activities c. Corrective procedures d. Deterrents 117. Most states in the United States have data breach notification statutes that require corporations to take specific steps if a data breach exposes personally identifiable information. a. True b. False 118. Once you’ve released data to an information system, you still have control of its distribution or its security. a. True b. False Page 12 Module 09: Information Systems 119. Which of the following is not a step that a data breach victim should take? a. Change your passwords b. Activate a fraud alert c. Get informed about the breach d. Purchase a new computer or device 120. A(n) _________ informs potential lenders that they must verify the identity of anyone attempting to open an account in your name. ANSWER: fraud alert 121. Fraud alerts interfere with your ability to receive instant credit. a. True b. False Page 13