Chem Solubility and IMF Lab

Solubility and IMF Lab Honors Chemistry Name: ___________________________________ Throughout this lab, you will mix substances together to see if they are soluble. You will also review ion-dipole forces as you watch how they interact with food coloring. Complete the pre-lab for the necessary data to complete the experiment. Complete the table below Water (H2O) Acetone (CH3COCH3) Isopropanol Heptane 5.00g 3.96g 3.93g 3.42g Structure Polar or Nonpolar Principal IMF Mass of 5 mL Density (in g/mL) Would you expect salt to dissolve in the substance? Based on the densities calculated in the table above, show which liquid you would expect to see on the top and bottom for each of the following mixtures: Water/Acetone Water/Isopropanol Water/heptane Acetone/heptane/water Do you expect them to mix? Why? Do you expect them to mix? Why? Do you expect them to mix? Why? Do you expect them to mix? Why? Below is a picture of the salt you will be using in your lab, sodium chloride, dissolved in water. Why does the water interact with the salt? Explain why the water molecules are pointed in the directions it is surrounding each ion. Do you expect ion-dipole interactions between the salt and acetone, salt and isopropanol, or salt and heptane? Explain your answer. Note:  Dispose of all chemicals as directed by your instructor.  The food coloring can stain clothing (permanently) and skin (temporarily). Use with caution.  Avoid getting the liquids on your skin or breathing any vapors H2O (water)/CH3COCH3 (acetone) 1. Measure out 3mL of water and add it to a clean, dry test tube. 2. Carefully add 3mL of acetone to the test tube. Do you see any distinct layers? ___________________________________ 3. Add 1 drop of the red food coloring. Is the red food coloring more soluble in the acetone or water?________________________________________ 4. Add 1 drop of the blue food coloring. 5. Insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 15 – 20 seconds to attempt to mix the two chemicals. 6. Measure out between 0.90g and 1.10g of salt on a piece of weighing paper. 7. Add the salt to the test tube. 8. Again, insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 20 - 30 seconds to attempt to mix the chemicals. Wait 30 seconds – 1 minute. 9. Fill in the table of observations. What does the test tube look like after step 4 What does the test tube look like after step 5 What does the test tube look like after step 8 Draw what is happening in the test tube after step 8 at the molecular level. H2O (water)/CH3CH(OH)CH3 (isopropanol) 1. Measure out 3mL of water and add it to a clean, dry test tube. 2. Carefully add 3mL of isopropanol to the test tube. Do you see any distinct layers?_________________________________ 3. Add 1 drop of the red food coloring. Is the red food coloring more soluble in the isopropanol or water?________________________________________ 4. Add 1 drop of the blue food coloring. 5. Insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 15 – 20 seconds to attempt to mix the two chemicals. Note the results. 6. Measure out between 0.90g and 1.10g of salt on a piece of weighing paper. 7. Add the salt to the test tube. Note the results. 8. Again, insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 20 - 30 seconds to attempt to mix the chemicals. Wait 30 seconds – 1 minute. 9. Fill in the observations in the table below. What does the test tube look like after step 4 What does the test tube look like after step 5 What does the test tube look like after step 8 Draw what is happening in the test tube after step 8 at the molecular level. H2O (water)/C7H16 (heptane) 1. Measure out 3mL of water and add it to a test tube. 2. Carefully add 3mL of heptane to the test tube. Do you see any distinct layers? ________________________________________ 3. Add 1 drop of either the red or blue food coloring. Is the food coloring more soluble in the water or heptane? _________________________________________________ 4. Insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 15 – 20 seconds to attempt to mix the two chemicals. Note the results. Wait 30 seconds – 1 minute. 5. Fill in the observations in the table below. What does the test tube look like after step 3 What does the test tube look like after step 4 Draw what is happening in the test tube after step 4 at the molecular level. CH3COCH3 (acetone)/ C7H16 (heptane)/ H2O (water) 1. Measure out 2mL of acetone and add it to a test tube. 2. Carefully add 2mL of heptane to the test tube. Do you see any distinct layers? _________________________________ 3. Add 1 drop of the blue food coloring. Note the results. Is the food coloring more soluble in the heptane or acetone? __________________________________________ 4. Insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 15 – 20 seconds to attempt to mix the two chemicals. Note the results. 5. Add 2mL of water to the test tube. Note the results. 6. Insert the rubber stopper and, holding the test tube horizontal with the ground, carefully shake the test tube for 20 - 30 seconds to attempt to mix the chemicals. Wait 30 seconds – 1 minute. 7. Fill in the observations in the table below. What does the test tube look like after step 3 What does the test tube look like after step 5 What does the test tube look like after step 6 Draw what is happening in the test tube after step 6 at the molecular level. Questions  What would you expect to happen if you mixed acetone and isopropanol. Would you see any layers? Why or why not?  Based on the layers you observed throughout the lab, what conclusions can you make about the polarity of the red food coloring and the polarity of the blue food coloring?