Pediatric Nursing School-age (6-12 Years Old)

EXAM 3 TOPIC Guide Pediatric Nursing PPT: no questions specifically from a slide, but ALL concepts can be integrated into questions such as atraumatic care, etc. growth and development ● school-age (6-12 years old) i inferiority ○ erikson: industry ca specific things classification ○ piaget: preoperational (ends); concrete operational (begins around age 7 ) ○ meaningful activities in company of peers ○ physical growth and development growth long regularly ○ permanent teeth erupt floss daily after meals/snacks regular dental checkups ○ cooperative play ○ school ○ safety keep firearms identify supervise play stranger danger safety gear ■ drugs/alcohol/tobacco ■ sport safety ■ latchkey kids -going empty home ROUTINE AND SAFETY ○ fears ■ death of parent ■ failing in school ■ bullies ■ losing friends ○ cognitive development analytically critically popular ■ begins to find specific interests in school and out of school ■ start collections ■ cooperative play ■ organized sports ■ conservation ■ CANNOT think abstractly ○ stressors ■ bullying ■ making decisions ■ need for approval ■ grades ■ competition ● adolescent (12-18 years) ○ erikson: identity vs role confusion ○ piaget: formal operational stage (11-adulthood) ○ domains of adolescent development ○ rapidly changing body, great variability > - become interested in > - > - more muscle growth mass spurts- > in and characteristics bones less baby fat , NOT growing as - , > - continued understand locked brush safe areas to away , home and , at bedtime , , wear , smoke to an * > - still cannot think or > - clubs become detectors , while swimming ○ ○ ○ puberty → tanner staging change in interview and education emotional well being (emotional development) swings/variations family separate from parents ■ relationship with parents/family ■ self/body image experimentation ■ sexuality by curiosity self-exploration (masturbation) ■ importance of peers ■ ~interview with and without parents present safety and risk reduction ■ depression/suicide identify depression anxiety psychologic screenings ■ violence ■ substance abuse discuss emphasize effects ■ eating disorders ■ injury ■ ~don’t lecture, inquire about their knowledge > - mood > - - ○ comparison > - > - learns · · able see to tell to solve time problems perspective with peers driven sexual , to annual the risks and become more involved with peers and > start to - , short-term , of substance , suicidal use ideations and substance use *For the below body system topics, you will want to know general information given about the system and variations in anatomy/physiology in pediatric patients ● hematologic ○ hematopoiesis: (early blood cell production) begins around 2 weeks gestation in the embryo yolk sac ■ then around 8 weeks gestation, process moves to the liver and spleen until sometime in 3rd trimester then the bone marrow takes over ○ hemoglobin types ■ Hgb F → fetal hemoglobin > Infants - all bones involved * fetus A short uses > only adults - until life span 6 months flat bones involved of age ■ ■ ○ * iron ↓ ● Hgb A → “adult” hemoglobin Hgb A2 → variant form of Hgb A iron ■ ■ ■ ■ = in hemoglobin around 2-4 months start for ausculate > -> stores or iron fortified formula anemia #growth anemia spurts * menses * poor diet supplements may be necessary for babies Cognitive delays with bleeding disorders that prevents oxygen from getting to organs mouth erupt early months) ■ common entry for infectious agents ■ children frequently put things in their mouths by putting objects for choking esophagus percusse palpate ○ -or ■ lower esophageal spinchter not fully developed until 1 month reflux "happy they long losing weight ■ regurgitation and dysphagia * rotovirus &Gl ○ stomach: small capacity 302 babies ■ 30-90 mL at 1 week feed frequently ↓ ■ 500 mL at 2 years feeding every 2-4 ■ 1500 mL at 16 years ○ intestines ■ h small intestine NOT functionally mature at birth e re absorption ■ small bowel loss in infancy can lead to problems with absorption and diarrhea as an adult ○ biliary system - eventually ↓ ■ liver relatively large at birth, easily palpated, immature functions until 2 years ○ pancreatic enzymes reach adult levels around 2 years old digestion ○ total body fluids ■ disturbances in fluid/electrolyte balance occur more frequently and rapidly in infants and young children ■ fluid requirements change with specific disorders ○ total body fluid by age ■ infants = 70-80% of body weight ■ by age 3 = 65% of body weight ■ by age 15 = 60% of body weight ● oncology ○ effects tissues vs organs ○ embryonal vs epithelial ○ little known for prevention ○ detection from blood counts or obstruction of the tumor ○ metastasis typically @ diagnosis ○ more responsive to treatment 4-7 months * teeth (as as 3 months and as late as 10 > - > - maternal adolescencee * monitor inspect > - > breastmilk Infants - pre-term infant has increased risk for anemia physiologic 2-6 months of age = physiologic anemia testing ↑ growth + ↑ blood volume + ↓ maternal iron stores = anemia adolescence also increase time of growth = increase risk for anemia * ○ smaller amounts newborns ↓ #iron GI present kids learn in hazards cardiac their mouths spincter > - spitters" 1 as are as NOT = No concern - have > - increased metabolism more hours occurs in - help with size bugs