World Civilizations - Chapter 12 Homework Answers

Chapter 12 Homework Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Paper money developed in China a. as a way for the government to simplify tax collections. b. as a response to a shortage of copper for coins. c. as a way to avoid carrying heavy bags of coins. d. to reduce the amount of counterfeit money. 2. The Song Dynasty faced a crisis early in the twelfth century after the collapse of which of the following? a. The tea market b. The Khitan state c. The iron industry d. The horse trade 3. What place did concubines have in Chinese families in Song China? a. They held more authority in families than did wives. b. They were subordinate to wives, and their children were only recognized if the wife failed to bear children. c. Wives enjoyed the freedom a concubine gave them, so jealousy from wives was very unusual. d. Wives outranked concubines, but the children born to concubines and wives held equal status. 4. In the illustration The Tale of Genji, the numerous brushes in the foreground are suggestive of which of the following? a. The superior social status of the figure reading the letter b. The importance placed on elegant calligraphy among members of the court c. The prominent position of written communication during the Heian period d. The intellectual status of members of the court 5. What was one industry that flourished during the Goryeo Dynasty? a. Textiles b. Brewing beer c. Iron smelting d. Ceramics 6. What was one way in which the Goryeo Dynasty differed from the Chinese model? a. Goryeo was more aristocratic than China. b. Goryeo had more trade with the Silk Road. c. Goryeo leaders distrusted the military class. d. Buddhism never had an impact on Goryeo. 7. What is the system of rule in which Japanese emperors abdicated but continued to exercise power through surrogates? a. Screened government b. Cloistered government c. Second government d. Hidden power 8. According to Map 12.1, "East Asia in 1000 and 1200," which region in East Asia experienced the least impact from the territorial changes that occurred between 1000 and 1200? a. Song China b. Tangut c. Champa d. Liao 9. How did the Song improve the compass? a. By using a magnetic needle b. By floating the needle in water c. By making it small enough to wear d. By making it smaller, attaching it to a stem, and putÝng it in a protective case 10. What did the Mongols force the Goryeo leader(s) to do in the thirteenth century? a. Adopt Mongol names and customs b. Abdicate in favor of a Mongol king c. Move to Beijing d. Join forces with the Mongol army and invade China 11. What did Fujiwara Michinaga do when he left the Heian court in the eleventh century? a. He created an alternative kingdom in Korea. b. He led an army against the Mongols. c. He retired to his country estate and ran Japan while living there. d. He joined a Buddhist monastery but continued to run Japan. 12. What did Fujiwara dominance of the Japanese government represent? a. A complete embrace of Chinese-style bureaucracy b. A reassertion of the imperial family's power c. The rise of samurai political power d. The privatization of political power and a reversion to clan politics 13. What helped a woman ensure security in her extended family during the Song Dynasty in China? a. Giving birth to a son b. Inheriting money of her own c. Becoming a mother-in-law d. Learning to read and write 14. Which of the following did Masako, widow of Minamoto Yoritomo, work to preserve? a. Women's literature b. The interests of the Hôjô family c. Shingon Buddhism d. Minamoto's line of succession and the power of her firstborn son 15. Whose interests were served by the introduction of civil service examinations in Goryeo Korea? a. Aristocrats b. Merchants c. Buddhist priests d. Peasants 16. Military rule in Japan emerged from the combination of a native warrior tradition and what else? a. The impact of Korean invasions b. Confucian ethical principles of duty to superiors c. The rise of a civil service class d. The influence of an aristocratic court 17. While the Song Dynasty ruled the south of China in the thirteenth century, what dynasty ruled the north? a. The Zhou b. The Tang c. The Jin d. The Liao 18. According to Map 12.1, "East Asia in 1000 and 1200," as the Jin Dynasty extended its territorial holdings, it gained increased access to which important geographic feature? a. The Grand Canal b. The Yangzi River c. The East China Sea d. The Mongolian Plateau 19. How did the Song prevent the Khitans from invading? a. They expanded the Great Wall. b. They launched an invasion against the Khitans before they could attack. c. They formed an alliance with the Jin. d. They paid the Khitans tribute to prevent attacks. 20. Who were the samurai? a. Civilian military advisers to the emperor b. The Japanese merchant class c. The Japanese nobility d. Skilled warriors in Japan 21. What happened to the students who prepared for Song civil service exams? a. The majority never passed to become government ofÏcials. b. They usually stayed in the lower levels of the emperor's administration. c. Those from poor backgrounds were passed over for positions as government ofÏcials. d. They were all but guaranteed to pass. 22. How does this illustration reflect the major artistic trend of the Song period? a. It depicts a solitary scholar within a landscape. b. It references the significance of the arts through the inclusion of a lute. c. It is done in bright watercolor. d. It is largely left empty. 23. Confucian thought about metaphysics evolved in the later Song period as an alternative to which of the following? a. Neo-Confucianism b. Foreign wars c. Buddhism d. Printing 24. What is the focus of the Japanese literary masterpiece The Tale of Genji? a. It tells the story of a civil war. b. It describes the life of a concubine in a small city. c. It depicts court life in great detail. d. It is an epic story of the creation of the Japanese people. 25. What invention helped to improve the education and scholarly culture of Song China? a. Iron smelting b. A new writing system c. Printing of books d. Private universities 26. In the twelfth century, the Song experimented with using what in warfare? a. Gunpowder b. Cavalry c. Crossbows d. Mercenaries 27. In order to do well on the civil service examinations, Song students typically did what to prepare? a. Traveled abroad to learn the ways of other cultures b. Mastered specific forms of composition, including poetry c. Studied pending and recent legislation d. Adopted Zen Buddhist meditation techniques 28. What family came to dominate Korea following a coup in 1196? a. The Liao family b. The Choe family c. The Honen family d. The Minamoto clan 29. How have Chinese historians traditionally viewed Chinese history? a. As centering on conflict with Japan b. As repeating cycles of dynastic birth, vigor, and decline c. As one of uninterrupted progress d. As a battle against a strong central state 30. How did China's population change between 742 and 1100? a. It rose to approximately 50 million people. b. It stayed stagnant, remaining at what it had been in 2 C.E. c. It doubled, making China's population the largest of any country in the world. d. It declined steadily due to famine. 31. How did the Japanese government diverge from Chinese models in the late ninth century? The Japanese authorities diverged from Chinese fashions withinside the past due 9th century. However, it could be very much like the Chinese fashions with a few minor altercations. Japan had tiny aristocratic authorities, in which girls were influential withinside the court. Even if the Heian authorities followed Chinese fashions, it took a distinct path while the Fujiwara's own circle of relatives took over. Fujiwara governance represented the privatization of political power. Political records took a distinct path in Japan than in China, in which contenders sought to govern the emperors. 32. How did women's lives change in the later Song period? What sources do historians use to answer this question? In the early Song dynasty, women had several rights. However, these were reduced by the rise of New Confucianism. The Song dynasty is seen as the beginning of a decline in the status of women in Chinese society. Confucianism has helped reduce the political role of women. An example of this is a footbed. It was not part of Confucianism, but the link between status and obedience was consistent with what is known as New Confucianism. This idea reiterated that everyone must protect their family's reputation. The foot-bound woman was an example of a woman who obeyed family orders. Historians have limited sources of information about women's lives in the Song dynasty and are based on discussions only on a few sources, such as former Zhi fans.