Acids, Bases, and Polarity pH and Molecular Behavior

Biology - Unit 2 Study Guide 1. Identify each as “strong acid”, “weak acid”, “strong base”, “weak base”, or “neutral.” Strong Acid Stomach digestion “juices”: pH = 2 Strong Base Bleach: pH = 13 Weak Acid Milk: pH = 6 Weak Base Hand Soap: pH = 10 Neutral Water: pH = 7 2. Which of the substances in #1 would release the most H + ions? Stomach digestive “juices” 3. Acids have a pH from 0 to 6.9. 4. Bases have a pH from 7.1 to 14. 5. In a Polar molecule, the atoms do not equally share electrons causing one side to have a positive charge and the other side to have a negative charge. One example of this is Water. 6. Water will mix with which of the following? a. Oil (nonpolar) b. Alcohol (polar) c. Benzene (nonpolar) 7. Organic compounds are compounds that contain Carbon. 8. Why are there so many carbon compounds? Each Carbon atom can form four chemical bonds to other atoms. Carbon is the building block of life. 9. Inorganic compounds do not contain Carbon. 10.Match the polymers to their building blocks (monomers). Lipid-Fatty Acid Building Blocks: Protein- Amino Acids Amino Acid Carbohydrate (Polysaccharide)- Simple Sugar Nucleotide Fatty Acid Nucleic Acids-Nucleotide Simple sugar 11.Match the polymers to their functions. Lipid-Long term energy storage, insulation, Functions: water proofing Short term energy Protein-Enzymes and Cell metabolism storage Long term energy Carbohydrate-Short term energy storage Nucleic Acid-Hereditary information & coding storage, insulation, waterproofing for proteins 12.Identify as a monomer or a polymer. Fatty acid-Monomer Amino Acid-Monomer Protein-Polymer Starch-Polymer Glucose-Polymer DNA -Polymer Hereditary information & coding for proteins Lipid-Monomer Glycogen-Polymer Cellulose-Polymer Nucleotide- Monomer Nucleic Acid-Polymer 13.A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called an Enzyme. 14.An enzyme is a protein catalyst that only works with a specific Substrate , or chemical compound, because its Active Site is shaped perfectly for that compound. 15.Activation Energy is the amount of energy needed to get a chemical reaction started. 16.An enzyme works by [raising or lowering?] the activation energy. 17.A polypeptide is another name for a protein. 18.A polysaccharide is another name for carbohydrates. 19.The three parts of a nucleotide are Sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. 20.A fatty acid that is Saturated contains only single bonds. This type of fatty acid is bad for you because it is likely to clog your arteries. 21.A/An Unsaturated fatty acid contains double bonds which gives it a bent shape and make it less likely to build up in your arteries. 22.Identify the compound that each indicator tests for: Iodine-Starch Brown paper- Lipids 23.What will be observed if the test is positive? Iodine-Black/Dark Blue Brown paper-Greasy, translucent spot 24.Identify as a “carbohydrate”, “lipid”, “protein”, or “nucleic acid”. Hemoglobin-Protein Glycogen-Carbohydrate Oil-Lipid Sucrose-Carbohydrate Starch-Carbohydrate Cholesterol-Lipid Wax-Lipid DNA-Nucleic Acids Insulin-Protein Cellulose-Carbohydrate 25.A buffering agent keeps the pH constant in a cell. 26.In order to counteract acid reflux, you should take a medicine that is Basic. 27.Summary of Biomolecules: Macromolecul e Monomer (identify and picture) Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Lipid Fatty Acids Polymers (identify and picture) DNA, RNA Function Carries the instructio ns for making proteins, Hereditar y Informati on Triglycerid Longes, Waxes, term Steroids, energy Fats, Oils, storage, Phospholip Cellids membran es, insulation , protects organs Regulatin g chemical reactions, Builds body tissue Protein Amino Acids Polypeptid es, Enzymes, Insulin, Hemoglobi n, Hormones Carbohydr ate Monosaccha Polysaccha Shortride rides, term Cellulose, energy, Glycogen, Structura Starch, l support Chitin (Plants)