Spanish Verb Conjugation Practice in Environmental Contexts

conjugating Question Voy a estudiar ecología cuando (volver) a la universidad. No podemos evitar el cambio climático, a menos que todos (trabajar) juntos. No podemos conducir sin (contaminar) el aire. Siempre recogemos mucha basura cuando (ir) al parque. Elisa habló con el presidente del Club de Ecología después de que (terminar) la reunión. Vamos de excursión para (observar) los animales y las plantas. La contaminación va a ser un problema muy serio hasta que nosotros (cambiar) nuestros sistemas de producción y transporte. El gobierno debe crear más parques nacionales antes de que los bosques y ríos (estar) completamente contaminados. La gente recicla con tal de que no (ser) díficil. Voy a llevar a mis hijos al parque para que (aprender) sobre la naturaleza. Voy a pasar todo el día allí a menos que (hacer) mucho frío. Podemos explorar el parque en bicicleta sin (caminar) demasiado. Vamos a bajar al cráter con tal de que no se (prohibir). Siempre llevamos al perro cuando (ir) al parque. No pensamos ir muy lejos en caso de que (llover). Vamos a almorzar a la orilla (shore) del río cuando nosotros (terminar) de preparar la comida. Mis hijos van a dejar todo limpio antes de (salir) del parque. Vamos al lago mañana a menos que (hacer) mal tiempo. Voy a escuchar el pronóstico del tiempo antes de que el grupo y yo (salir) de la ciudad. Ana puede venir con tal de que Héctor (venir) también. Voy a llevar fruta para todos sin que ellos me lo (pedir). Ana va a llevar su teléfono celular para que nosotros (poder) llamar en caso de emergencia. la ciudad / ir a estar cada vez más contaminada / a menos que / nosotros / tomar medidas drásticas (tú) destruir / la naturaleza / cuando / arrojar basura/ los ríos la caza de / ballenas / incrementarse (increase) cada vez más / sin que / el gobierno / tomar medidas (yo) ir a estudiar / bioquímica / tan pronto como / terminar / ecología nosotros / ir a la playa / mañana / después de que / salir del trabajo la deforestación / ir a continuar / a menos que / (nosotros) sembrar / más árboles Antes de que termine el verano, (querer,yo) visitar el lago Titicaca. Hay personas que no reciclan a menos que les (dar, ellos) dinero a cambio. Answer vuelva trabajemos contaminar vamos terminó observar cambiemos estén sea aprendan haga caminar prohíba vamos llueva terminemos salir haga salgamos venga pidan podamos La ciudad va a estar cada vez más contaminada a menos que tomemos medidas drásticas. Destruyes la naturaleza cuando arrojas basura a los rios. La caza de ballenas se incrementa cada vez más sin que el gobierno tome medidas. Yo voy a estudiar bioquímica tan pronto como termine ecología. Vamos a la playa mañana después de que salgamos del trabajo. La deforestación va a continuar a menos que sembremos más árboles. quiero den Haremos una campaña publicitaria para que todos (reducir,nos) el consumo de energía. Me iré a la selva amazónica tan pronto como (tenir,yo) vacaciones. Cuando desaparezcan las especies protegidas ya no (haber, el) solución. The indicative or subjunctive mood may be required in the adverbial clause in Spanish, or an adverbial phrase (preposition plus infinitive) may be used, depending on The indicative or subjunctive mood may be required in the adverbial clause in Spanish, or an adverbial phrase (preposition plus infinitive) may be used, depending on a fin de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) a condición de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) a menos que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) a no ser que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) antes (de) que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) con tal (de) que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) en caso de que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) no sea que / no fuera que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) para que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) para sin que (followed by subjunctive or indicative?) Adverbial conjunctions which are ALWAYS followed by the subjunctive (because they always indicate a pending/hypothetical action or state): (name some examples) No voy a menos que 'venga' ella. Salgo a la una con tal que se 'termine' todo. Trabaja mucho para que 'vivan' bien. No hago nada sin que lo 'sepan'. Normally a preposition is used when no change of subject is involved; it is followed by an infinitive, not the subjunctive or indicative. Examples: Normally a preposition is used when no change of subject is involved; it is followed by an infinitive, not the subjunctive or indicative. Examples: Mi hijo vive para 'tocar' la guitarra. Ganaré antes de 'salir'. reduzcamos tenga habrá if no change of subject, and a preposition exists that corresponds to the conjunction, that preposition plus an infinitive is normally used, e.g.: He's saving his money so he can buy a car, Ahorra su dinero para poder comprar un coche. Type of sit/time in adv clause. If sit. in clause is hypothetical/anticipated (not completed, habitual, factual) use subjunc. If if it deals w/completed, habitual,factual, use indicative. so that (always followed by subjunctive!) on the condition that (always followed by subjunctive!) unless (always followed by subjunctive!) lest, unless (always followed by subjunctive!) before (always followed by subjunctive!) provided that (always followed by subjunctive!) in case (always followed by subjunctive!) lest, so that ... not (= para no) (always followed by subjunctive!) so that (always followed by subjunctive!) without (always followed by subjunctive!) para que,con tal (de) que,no sea que / no fuera que,para sin que etc I'm not going unless she 'comes'. I leave at 1:00 provided everything 'is' done. She works hard so they (can) 'live' well. I don't do anything without their 'knowing' it. Mi hijo vive para tocar la guitarra. - My son lives to play the guitar. Ganaré antes de salir. -I'll win before I leave [before leaving.] My son lives 'to play' the guitar., I'll win before I 'leave' [before leaving.] they introduce one which is viewed as completed or words dealing with time are followed by the subjunctive habitual, use indicative.If there is no change of subject when they introduce an anticipated situation unless involved and a preposition is available, typically the preposition is used with an infinitive. a medida que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as as, according as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative cuando deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as when completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative dado que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as granted that, in case that completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative después (de) que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative en cuanto deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative hasta que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative luego que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative mientras deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative nada más quedeals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative por más ... que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative por mucho que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative siempre que deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative tan pronto como deals with time, and is followed by the subjunctive when they introduce an anticipated situation. If they introduce one which is viewed as completed or habitual, they are followed by the indicative Por lo general lo hago cuando nos levantamos. I usually do it when we get up. (indicative or subjuntive?) Por lo general lo hago cuando nos levantamos. I usually do it when we get up. (indicative or subjuntive?) Lo haré cuando nos levantemos. I'll do it when we get up. (indicative or subjuntive?) Siempre me lavo los dientes después que comemos. I always brush my teeth after we eat. (indicative or subjuntive?) Me lavaré los dientes después de que comamos. I'll brush my teeth after we eat.(indicative or subjuntive?) Los alumnos lo repiten hasta que el profesor está satisfecho. The students repeat it until the professor is satisfied.(indicative or subjuntive?) after as soon as until as soon as while as soon as no matter how much, however much no matter how much, however much whenever, every time that as soon as [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) [Subjunctive] (introduce anticipated situation) [Indicative] (generally, habitually,completed) [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) [Indicative](generally, habitually,completed) Los alumnos lo repetirán hasta que él esté satisfecho. The students will repeat it until he is satisfied. (indicative or subjuntive?) Trabajamos mientras ellos descansan. We work while they rest. (indicative or subjuntive?) Trabajaremos mientras ellos descansen. We will work while they rest. (indicative or subjuntive?) Aunque (although, even though, even if). The indicative is used if a fact is involved or the outcome is known; otherwise the subjunctive is used: Lo haré aunque no le gusta. I'll do it, even though she doesn't like it. (indicative or subjuntive?) Lo haré aunque no le guste. I'll do it, even though she may not like it. (indicative or subjuntive?) De modo que/de manera que/so that/in such a way that. These 2are identical. If used like para que (in order that, indicating purpose of an action), they req subjunc; they are used with indic tp mean “in such a way that” followed by actual result/outcome Escribe de modo que todos la entienden. She writes in such a way [i.e., so clearly] that everyone understands her. Escribe de modo que todos la entiendan. She writes so that everyone will [might be able to] understand her. Como is followed by the subjunctive if it used to mean “if”, by the indicative if it means “because” [at the beginning of a sentence], and by either the indicative or the subjunctive (depending on hypothetical/future aspect) if it means “how(ever)”: Como vayas conmigo, te pago la entrada. If you go with me, I'll pay for your ticket. Como no estás listo, me voy sin ti. Since you're not ready, I'll go without you. Lo hago como dijiste. I'll do it like you said. Lo haré como digas. I'll do it however you (might) say. [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) [Indicative](generally, habitually,completed) [Subjunctive](introduce anticipated situation) [Indicative It is a fact that she doesn't like it.] [Subjunctive] Escribe de modo que todos la entienden. She writes in such a way [i.e., so clearly] that everyone understands her. [Indicative] Escribe de modo que todos la entiendan. She writes so that everyone will [might be able to] understand her. [Indicative] [Subjunctive] [Subjunctive] (como means if) [Indicative] (like because at the beginning of the sentence) [Indicative] [Subjunctive]