Properties of Matter

Lesson 1 Properties of Matter You often use the properties of a substance to identify it. Properties refers to the distinguishing characteristics to identify a certain material. The properties of matter can be grouped into two general categories: Physical property can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance. This property is further classified into intensive and extensive properties. Intensive properties are those properties that are not dependent on the amount of matter, rather they are dependent on the kind or quality of matter. Examples are texture, color, odor, hardness and density, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and solubility. The extensive properties of matter are those that depend so much on the amount or quantity of matter. Examples are volume, mass, length, and area. Chemical Properties are those that result in change in the composition, thus a new substance is produced. Examples are flammability and reactivity. Activity 1. Pre-Test Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer and write in ¼ sheet of paper. 1. All matter has physical and chemical properties. Which of these describes a chemical property? A. Boiling point C. Electrical conductivity B. Flexibility D. Reactivity with water 2. What property can be observed without changing the composition of the substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 3. What property depends upon the amount of substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 4. What property can be observed when a substance is reacting with something else? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 5. What characteristic does NOT depend upon the amount of a substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 2 General Chemistry 1_Module1 Discover Physical Property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. All of the senses can be used to observe physical properties: 1. Color describes the physical appearance (how it looks) of the substance like a red apple. 2. Texture describes how it feels like smooth, hard, and rough. 3. Mass refers to the total quantity of matter present in an object like 100g of meat. 4. Volume is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object. Volume is a three-dimensional measure and involves unit that have been cubed such as ft3, in3, cm3, m3, etc. The formulas for calculating the volume of various three-dimensional shapes are: Figures Formula Cube Volume= side x side x side Rectangular solid Volume= length x width x height Cylinder Volume =πr2h Sphere Volume= 4/3πr3 Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its volume? V= L x W X H = 9.3 cm x 3.2 cm x1.3 cm =38.688 cm3 5. Electrical Conductivity is a measure of how well electric currents move through a substance. 6. Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers heat. Example, if you make your coffee in the morning as you stir the coffee with the metal spoon you notice that the spoon gets warm. The water has the higher temperature than the spoon, thus heat is transferred to the spoon. The spoon which is a metal has the property to conduct heat and this property can be used to identify a metal from non-metal. 7. Density is the measure of the amount of mass in a given amount of volume. It can be calculated using the formula D= Mass/Volume. Just like water the density of water is 1 g/cc so you can use it to identify it from other substance. Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its density? D= Mass/Volume = 57.61 g/38.688 cm3 = 1.489 g/cm3. 8. Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Example coffee granules dissolves in water. Their solubility property can be used to separate them from other substances like mixture of sand and sugar. 9. Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into various shapes like aluminum, gold and iron. 10. Magnetic attraction can be observed when a metal attracts other metals 3 General Chemistry 1_Module1 Some substances are attracted to magnets, but others are not. You can use a magnet to pick up a paper clip but not a wooden match. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are magnetic—meaning they respond to magnets— but copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which contains iron, is also magnetic. Their metallic property can identify if the substance is a metal or a non-metal. 11. Heating properties like melting point and boiling point of a substance. Melting point is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid just like ice to liquid, its melting point is 1oC. Boiling point is the point at which the substance boils. Water boils at 100 OC at sea level. You can separate mixtures through evaporation process like the salt solution. Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to change the chemical composition, thus forms a new substance. 1. Flammability is the ability of the substance to burn like wood, paper, and the like. 2. Reactivity is the ability of substance to interact with another substance and forms one or more new substances, just like rusting of an iron nail, when a clean piece of iron reacts with oxygen in moist air rust is formed and rust is the new product there with a chemical formula of Fe2O3 (iron (III) oxide). Here are some enrichment activities for you to strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson Explore List all the properties/characteristics you observe in jewelries like earrings, ring, necklace, bracelet, wristwatch. Sort the properties you listed and identify as physical or chemical property Materials Physical or Chemical Properties 4 General Chemistry 1_Module1 Deepen At this point, make a mind mapping of using properties of matter in identifying substances. Use separate bond paper. A mind map is a graphical way to signify ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps arranging and organizing information, helping you to better comprehend, analyze, and synthesize, recall, and remember new ideas. Place you output in A4 bond paper. Rubrics for Mind Mapping Output Neatness and Presentation Use Images/ Symbols 5 The mind map was well presented and all the information is easy to understand. 4 The mind map was well presented and most of the information is easy to understand. Most categories are enhanced with simple symbols or diagrams. Some categories are enhanced with simple symbols or diagrams. Has included color to show all connections and/or to categorize topics throughout the mind map. Has included color to demonstrate Some connections and or topics throughout the mind map. Understanding The mind map demonstrates a thorough understanding of the lesson. The mind map demonstrates a very good understanding of the lesson. 3 The mind map was mostly well presented but some of the information was difficult to understand. A few categories are enhanced with simple symbols or diagrams. Has included some color in the mind map but has not used color to categorize throughout the mind map. 2 The mind map was not neat enough to understand. The mind map demonstrates s some understanding ng of the lesson. The mind map demonstrates s little understanding ng of the lesson. The map includes some images. Has used very little color in the mind map and has not used color to categorize throughout the mind map. 5 General Chemistry 1_Module1