University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
CHE 111 | General Chemistry
Academic year:

2019
Views:

144

Pages:

2
Author:

Edgar Rowe

Macromolecules Worksheet Compounds can be organic or inorganic Organic - compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms Inorganic - compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen There are four classes of organic compounds that are central to life on earth. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates (Sugars and Starches) 1. Functions - energy a. Sugar - quick energy b. Starch - long term energy 2. Make up - C, H, and O a. Monosaccharides - carbohydrate made up of one type of sugar (ex. Glucose) b. Disaccharides - carbohydrates made up of two sugars bonded together (ex. Glucose + Glucose = Maltose) c. Polysaccharide - complex carbohydrate made up of chains of monosaccharides ex . Starch - food storage compound found in plants Cellulose - makes up the cell wall of plants Glycogen - a food storage compound in animals Lipids (Fats, Oils, Waxes) 1. Function a. Fat - stores energy (twice as much as carbohydrates) b. Plant Wax c. Cholesterol 2. Make-Up - C, H, and O (less oxygen than in carbohydrates) Triglyceride - consists of 3 fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol (fatty acids are made from CH2 units) 3. Insoluble in Water 4. Fats that are in a liquid state at room temperature are OILS Proteins (long chains of amino acids) 1. Functions a. Enzymes b. Hormones c. Structural Parts of Organisms 2. Make-Up - C, H, O, and N a. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids b. amino acids are held together by a peptide bond (when a peptide bond is formed, a molecule of water is lost) c. Dipeptide - two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond Tripeptide - dipeptide and an amino acid Polypeptide - long chain of amino acids Nucleic Acids (made up of nucleotides) 1. Functions a. DNA - stores genetic information b. RNA - makes proteins 2. Make-Up a. made up of nucleotides b. a nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar group, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base 3. There are two basic kinds of nucleic acids. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) which contains the sugar ribose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which contains the sugar deoxyribose. 4. DNA - 2 strands of nucleotides; RNA - 1 strand of nucleotides Enzymes - with few exceptions, they are proteins Catalyst - substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Living organisms contain enzymes, which are catalysts Characteristics of Enzymes Are not used up in a reaction Combine with substrates Speed up the rate of a reaction Enzymes are used for digestion, respiration, reproduction, vision, movement, and thought. Substrate - reactions that are affected by an enzyme Active Site - region where substrate binds to the enzyme