University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
CHE 111 | General Chemistry
Academic year:

2020
Views:

35

Pages:

1
Author:

Trevon Bernard

General Chemistry 4: Compounds and Stoichiometry Equivalents & Normality Naming Ions Equivalent Mass of an acid that yields 1 mole of H+ or + Mass: mass of a base that reacts with 1 mole of H . For elements (usually metals) that can form more than one positive ion, the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in GEW = !"#$%&!$'' parentheses following the name of the !"#&() &"%&*+ element Equivalents = Normality = Molarity = Fe2+ Iron(II) Fe3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Iron(III) Copper(I) Copper(II) Older method: –ous and –ic to the atoms with lesser and greater charge, respectively Fe2+ Ferrous Fe3+ Cu+ Cu2+ Ferric Cuprous Cupric Monatomic anions drop the ending of the name and add –ide HFO2S2N3P3- Hydride Fluoride Oxide Sulfide Nitride Phosphide Oxyanions = polyatomic anions that contain oxygen. MORE Oxygen = –ate LESS Oxygen = –ite NO3- Nitrate NO2SO42SO32- Nitrite Sulfate Sulfite In extended series of oxyanions, prefixes are also used. MORE Oxygen = Hyper- (per-) LESS Oxygen = Hypo- ClO- Hypochlorite ClO2ClO3ClO4- Chlorite Chlorate Perchlorate Polyatomic anions that gain H+ to for anions of lower charge add the word Hydrogen or dihydrogen to the front. HCO3- !$''&",&-"!."/01 234 35 6 For acids, the # of equivalents (n) is the # of H+ available from a formula unit. 0"%!$#789 !"#&() &"%&*+ Compound Formulas Empirical: Simplest whole-number ratio of atoms. Molecular: Multiple of empirical formula to show exact # of atoms of each element. Hydrogen carbonate or bicarbonate HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate or bisulfate H2PO4- Dihydrogen phosphate Types of Reactions Combination: Two or more reactants forming one product 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2H2O (g) Decomposition: Single reactant breaks down 2HgO (s) 2Hg (l) + O2 (g) Combustion: Involves a fuel, usually a hydrocarbon, and O2 (g) Commonly forms CO2 and H2O CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (g) Single-Displacement: An atom/ion in a compound is replaced by another atom/ion Cu (s) + AgNO3 (aq) Ag (s) + CuNO3 (aq) Double-Displacement: Elements from two compounds swap places (metathesis) CaCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) Ca(NO3)2 (aq) + 2AgCl (s) Neutralization: A type of double-replacement reaction Acid + base salt + H2O HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) Acid Names -ic: Have one MORE oxygen than -ous. -ous: Has one FEWER oxygen than -ic.