Chapter 2. Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Chapter 2. Occupational Health and Safety Practices in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Presentation Outline 1. Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety; 2. Occupational Health and Safety Law in the Philippines; 3. Occupational Health and Safety Management System; and 4. Workplace hazards and their controls. Fundamental s of Safety Management Definition of Terms • Safety - Freedom from accident. The control of hazards to attain an acceptable level of risk. • Incident -­An event that may or may not result to loss. • Accident -­Unplanned, undesired event, not necessarily injurious or damaging, that disrupts the completion of an activity. • Hazard-­‐ Is any potential or existing condition in the workplace that, by itself or by interacting with other variables, can result in death, injuries, property damage, and other losses. Definition of Terms • Hazard Control - Hazard control involves developing a program to recognize, evaluate, and eliminate (or at least reduce) the destructive efforts of hazards arising from human errors and from conditions in the workplace. • Loss Control - Is accident prevention, achieved through a complete safety and health control program. • Risk - Chance of physical or personal loss. Safety is everybody’s concern. Everyone who works in a company has things to contribute for each other’s safety. What is the cost of Occupational Health and Safety??? $$$ The Iceberg Principle Human Costs The effect of accident to a worker entails a lot of losses in terms of: 1. Disability -­(temporary or permanent) Pain and suffering 2. Loss of income; loss of earning capacity 3. Change in social life 4. Death Economic Costs The economic cost of incidents and illnesses are far greater than most people realize Direct Costs: 1. 2. 3. 4. Medical Costs Insurance premium Employee compensation Regulatory penalties Economic Costs Indirect Costs: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Investigation of the incident Cleaning up of incident site Disruption in production Repair/ replacement of damaged materials/ equipment Training of new/replacement employees Poor employee morale leading to low production Environmental litigation Ecological remediation Marketing efforts to project image Three Basic Principles of Safety Responsibility and Accountability 1. Detection of conditions and practices which the safety disciplines have identified as hazardous 2. The responsibility of challenging the safeness of exposures that either are not covered by a safety standard or clearly a suspected hazard in the light of experience, reasonable judgment, and prudent extrapolations from existing hazard information 3. Application of the most appropriate established countermeasure(s) for controlling each of the identified hazards Safety Management System A term used to refer to a comprehensive business management system designed to manage safety elements in a workplace” (Safety Management Systems, n.d.). A basic safety management system’s main purpose is to accomplish the following elements: • To ensure everyone in the organization can recognize and understand real or potential hazards and associated risk. • To prevent or control operational hazards and associated risk. • To train employees at all levels of the organization so they can demonstrate the importance of correcting potential hazards they may be routinely exposed to as well as how to protect themselves and others. Safety Management System 1. Planning 2. Organization 3. Control 4. Monitoring 5. Review Safety Management System 1. Planning - Top management should set up an effective health and safety management system to implement the safety and health policy which is proportionate to the hazards and risks. 2. Organization - this includes the involvement of employees and their representatives in carrying out risk assessments, deciding on preventive and protective measures and implementing those requirements in the workplace. Safety Management System 3. Control - Clarifying health and safety responsibilities and ensuring that the activities of everyone are well coordinated. 4. Monitoring - top management should measure what they are doing to implement the health and safety policy, to assess how effectively they are controlling risks, and how well they are developing a positive health and safety culture. 5. Review - it involves reviewing the system of the whole health and safety management including the elements of planning, organization, and control and monitoring to ensure that the whole system remains effective.