Essential 1st Amendment Cases in the U.S.

Essential 1st Amendment Cases in the U.S. Name___Kaiden Horne__________________ Supreme Court Case Background Court Decision Importance Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47 Charles Schenck and Elizabeth (1919), is a significant Supreme Court Schenck v. Baer distributed 15,000+ flyers case that introduced the "clear and clear and present danger U.S. (1919) urging draftees to resist the present danger" test to determine the Selective Service Act of 1917. limits of free speech, especially during wartime. was a landmark Supreme Court case George Reynolds, a Mormon that unanimously upheld the federal Church member, challenged his protects religious beliefs anti-bigamy law, ruling that the First bigamy conviction, arguing the but not necessarily Reynolds v. Amendment's Free Exercise Clause U.S. (1879) 1862 Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act actions that violate social does not protect religious practices violated his First Amendment duties or public laws. that are deemed criminal or socially free exercise rights. subversive Engel v. Vitale (1962) that voluntary, nondenominational, statesponsored prayer in public schools violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause. The 6–1 decision declared it unconstitutional for state officials to compose and require school prayer. The 6–1 decision declared it unconstitutional for state officials to compose and require school prayer he U.S. Supreme Court unanimously ruled that city ordinances banning Court case affirming that Church of the Lukumi the U.S. Supreme Court ruled animal sacrifice were unconstitutional laws targeting specific unanimously that city under the First Amendment's Free religious practices are Babalu Aye v. City of ordinances prohibiting animal Exercise Clause. The Court found the unconstitutional under Hialeah sacrifice were unconstitutional. laws targeted the Santeria religion the First Amendment's (1993) specifically, violating principles of Free Exercise Clause. religious neutrality and strict scrutiny. Edwards v. South Carolina (1963) ruling 8-1 that states cannot criminalize nonviolent Edwards v. South Carolina demonstrations, even if the views (1963) arose from the 1961 solidified First expressed are unpopular. It affirmed arrest of 187 Black students in Amendment protections the right to assemble, petition, and Columbia, South Carolina, for for peaceful protesters protest on public property, protesting segregation. overturning convictions of civil rights activists.