University:
Emory University
Course:
CHEM 141 | General Chemistry I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

438

Pages:

6
Author:

Aiden F.

Metabolism Lecture 4 13 21 Why Study It? Classification of bacteria Oxygen Tolerance Biochemical reactions Acids, Ammonia, Gases Fermentation Products Food Products Yogurt, Sour Cream, Bread, Alcohol Commercial Products Citric Acid, Plastics Metabolism = Anabolism + Catabolism Photosynthesis requires Respiration. Metabolism +(Energy Respiration requires photosynthesis Energy production: Energy consumption. Overview of Metabolism Source of Energy Source of Electrons Carrier of Electrons Final Electron Acceptor - Source of carbon Autotroph Carbon Dioxide Heterotroph Organic Compounds Classifications Where microbes get their energy? Sunlight vs. chemical All microorganiars Inorganic Co, carbon source AUTOTROPHS Making of own food by reducing CO Orgamé moleculeA ERION SOU HETEROTROPHS Uang ready-made organic madecades for food How do they obtain carbon? - Carbon Dioxide (or inorganic compounds) vs. Organic Compounds (sugars, amino acids) Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 60₂ → 6H2O + 6 CO2 38 ATP Photosynthesis 6H2O+6CO2+ sunlight → C6H12O+ 602 Nitrification NH4 NO2 to NO3 (Ammonia to Nitrate to Nitrate) Ammonification N2 NHA Overview Glucose to Carbon Dioxide + water + Energy 6H12O6 + O2 → 6CO₂ + 6H2O + 38 ATP Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy Oxygen receives the electrons to form energy 4 seperate reactions. Glycolysis, Transition Reaction, krebs Cycle, Electron Transport, Chemiosomosis Requires Oxygen krebs Cycle Acctyl COA Carbon Dioxide C2H4O2 to CO₂ Energy produced/Acetyl COA (x2 for/Glucose) 3 NADH I FADH - Oligosaccharides a few' covalently linked monosaccharides Polysaccharides: many' covalently linked monosaccharides The various sugars, starches and cellulose are common carbohydrates Carbohydrates derive their name from general formula Cn(H2O)m where n≥3 Carbohydrates are chemically characterized as polyhydroxyaldenydes or polyhydroxyketons sugars that contain an aldehyde group are called aldoses Sugars that contain a keto group are called ketoses Monosaccharides Polyhydroxy Number of Carbons 3= triose 4 = tetrose Aldehydes ketons 5 = pentose are aldoses are ketoses 6: hexose Three carbon monosaccharides An aldotriose H An ketotriose C 1 H-C-DH CH2OH CH2OH 1 CH2OH Stereochemistry Prefixes D- and L- . Non-superimposable mitror images, enantiomers, a "right- handed D form and a "left-handed" I form D form CHO CHO H-C-OHΞΗ DH CH2OH CH2OH L form H CHO CHO HO H CHLOH CHOH CHO CHO D-Glyceraldehyde L-Glyceraldehydı HO-CH HO Mirror H Two pairs of aldsherpuw enantiomers CH2OH H CH2OH 120 H IH-C-OH 1:0-C-11 H-C-OH HO-C-11 Fischer Projection • Derythrose an aldotetrose HCOH HO H HO CH HCOH H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH HO-C-H но-с-H CHOH CHAUH Allone CHOH CHOH Ca (artlist () Allow 1 H-C OH H-C-OH CH2OH CH2OH 1 HO-CO D-fructose a ketohexose H-C-O H-C-0 1 CH2OH