University:
Emory University
Course:
CHEM 141 | General Chemistry I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

412

Pages:

2
Author:

Aiden F.

Lecture Notes 3.18.21 Water chemistry • The Garth is 11% water (covered) • Earth is the only planet known to have water in all three phases (solid, liquid, gas) • water never disappears, it is perfectly recycred @solar-powered water • Ocean water: 91.21. Polar Ice: 2.15% 91.2 + 2.15 = 99.35% 1. 05%. 0f global water supply is the amount generally available for human use • Problem with water: Uneven distribution... some areas nave too much water, others have less than necessary • When it is present, the water is often in a condition that makes i unacceptable for specific uses... e. g. salty or polluted or full of sediment • Chemical Formula for water H20 → 2 hydrogen atoms, loxygen atom - Not symmetrical - Electrons spend more time near the oxygen and less near the hydrogen - water molecure is polar - + is attracted to - • Each H2o is bonded to is H H nearest neighbor + + • Polar comp + polar comp = disolves/mixes well (miscible) Nonpolar comp + honpolar = mix well (miscible) Polar comp + nonpolar comp = never mixes (immiscible) " "Like dissolves like" • Solvent Properties: - Interacts with other polar compounds - Is repelled by non-polar compounds - Small size allows it to saturate areas - can convey other substances in solutions • Because oxygen is big. " pulis the extra crectrons and has a slightly negative charge. The hydrogens have a slightly positive charge. This makes water a "polar morecule" (having opposite ends with differentcharges) • Polar water molecules are attracted to each other. when they get close, they form weak hydrogen bonds between each water molecule. These bonds allow water to have important traits that support all life on Earth. • Conesion: The attraction of water to uself (H bonds) • Adhesion: The attraction of water to other surfaces and substances • surface Tension: Interaction between hudrogen bonding and the carthis gravitational pull • Diffusion: The tendency of substances to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. At equilibrium, they remain as far apart as passible. • pH-Alkalinity | Acidity: The measurement of the H+ ions found in the particular substance. The scale goes trom 0-14. 1 is neutral. Below 1 is acidic. Above 7 is alkaline, or

Water Chemistry

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