University:
Emory University
Course:
CHEM 141 | General Chemistry I
Academic year:

2021
Views:

128

Pages:

3
Author:

Aiden F.

Acids and Bases The tartness of lemons and oranges comes from the weak acid (citric acid). The acid is found widely in nature and in many consumer products. (Charles D. Winters) The sting of ants is due to the weak acid (formic acid, HCO₂H) Asprin is a weak acid that has been used as an analgestic for over 100 years (Charles D Winters) Glycine is representative of the amino acids that are the basis of proteins. The -COH₂ group is the acid portion of the molecule, and the NH₂ group is the basic portion. Caffeine is a well known stimulant and a weak base Some Properties of Acids ACIDS start with 'H' Produce H+ ion in water Taste Sour Corrodes metals Electrolytes Reacts with base to form salt and water pH is less than 7 Turns blue litmus paper to red Acid Nomenclature HBr (aq) → Hydrobromic acid H₂CO₃ (aq) → Carbonic acid H₂SO₃ (aq) → Sulfurous acid HCl(aq) → Hydrochloric acid HNO₃(aq) → Nitric acid HNO₂(aq) → Nitrous acid Common Names of Acids (Memorize These) HCl: Hydrochloric acid HBr: Hydrobromic acid HNO₃: Nitric acid H₂SO₄: Sulfuric acid Strong Acids & Bases HClO₄ HNO₃ HCl H₂SO₄ HBr H₂O HCN HF H₃PO₄ Some Properties of Bases Produce OH⁻ ion in water Tastes bitter, chalky Electrolytes Reacts with acid to form salt and water pH is greater than 7 Turns red litmus paper to blue (Basic Blue) Common Bases (Memorize These) KOH: Potassium Hydroxide (soap) NaOH: Sodium Hydroxide (lye) Ba(OH)₂: Barium Hydroxide (plastic stabilizer) Al(OH)₃: Aluminum Hydroxide (antacid - Maalox) Arrhenius (traditional): Arrhenius acid is a substance that produces H⁺ (H₃O⁺) in water. Arrhenius Base: A substance that produces OH⁻ in water. • Acids produce H+ ions (or hydronium ions H30+) Proton donor (Bronsted-Lowry) Bases Produce OH ion ↳ Problem! Some bases don + have hydroxide lons Proton acceptor (Bronsted-Lowry) The Bronsted-Lowry: means NH 3 is a BASE in water - and water itself is an ACID Conjugate acid-base pair - HF (g) + H₂O (1) F (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Acid Base C Base C. Acid - HPO4 (g) + H₂O (1) POA3 (aq) + H3O+ (aq) Acad Base C Base C. Acick Conjugate pair H₂SO₄ (aq) + Cl (aq) → HCl (aq) + HSO4 (aq) Acid Base conjugate Asid Conjugate Base Conjugate Pair * C. means conjugate HCI OH → CI+ + H₂O Acid Base Conjugate Conjugate H2O+ H₂SO₄ → HSO4 + H3O+ Base Base Acid Conivaale Conivaate