University:
Felician University
Course:
CHEM-001 | Basic Chemistry
Academic year:

2022
Views:

341

Pages:

12
Author:

Clint W.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY STABLE VS UNSTABLE WHAT IS A STABLE ATOM? • A stable atom has a nucleus with the right number of neutrons to keep the positive protons from breaking apart. • Most atoms in our environment are stable (won’t break apart) WHAT IS A STABLE ATOM? • Elements with atomic numbers 1-20 have equal # of neutrons to protons • Elements with atomic numbers > 20 have more neutrons than protons • Elements with atomic numbers > 83 are all unstable (Nucleus will break apart) and are radioactive Periodic ТаЫе of the Radioactive Elements Half-life of Most StaЫe lsotope 1А 6 3 2А 11 12 18 19 Mg 21 20 3 1 day< h 112< 10 yrs h 112 < 1 day 5В 6В 7В V Cr Mn Fe Со 42 43 44 45 21 22 23 Sc Ti 24 23 37 38 39 40 41 20 Rb Sr 33 33 55 56 57-71 29 1 yr< h 112< 10 yrs 4В Са 23 3 3В к 23 10 yrs < h 112< 10 yrs # of lsotopes 10 у 2 6 3 Symbol 4 Ве Na h 112 > 10 years Atomic Number Li 8 8А le 6 1 24 25 25 25 1 26 28 8В 27 26 ЗА 4А 5А 6А в с 14 14 F Ne 13 N о 11 16 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 21 5 6 AI Si 23 22 31 32 33 Ar 34 35 36 Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 28 30 30 27 28 29 29 22 29 Nb Мо Те Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd ln Sn Sb Те 37 36 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 36 33 33 33 33 34 33 38 36 38 38 Та w 33 Re 35 0s 35 lr Pt 37 Au 36 Hg TI РЬ 35 32 33 87 88 89-103 104 105 110 6 7 5 Uut 114 8 Сп 113 10 Rg 112 10 Ds 111 12 Hs 109 13 Bh 108 Actinides Sg 107 33 Db 106 4 4 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Rf 34 мt 38 4 36 Bi Ро 35 33 115 116 2 6 FI Uup 67 68 1 At 33 31 Хе 38 86 Rn 34 118 Lv 69 22 Uuo 1 70 71 La Се Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd ть Dy Но Er Tm УЬ 31 32 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 28 24 12 11 34 Actinides CI Zn 31 29 Hf Lanthanides s Zr 32 10 Cu 1 Lanthanides Ra 9 Ni 28 22 39 34 р 8 2В Ва Fr 7 8 1В Cs 40 7А Не Ас 29 35 Th 30 33 Ра 34 u 31 Np 20 33 Pu 20 33 Am 17 32 Cm 20 31 Bk 14 31 Cf 20 33 Es 17 32 Fm 18 Md 16 No Lu 35 Lr NUCLEAR STABILITY Decay will occur in such a way as to return a nucleus to the band (line) of stability. WHAT IS THE STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE? • The force neutrons have that keeps the positive protons together. WHAT ARE RADIOISOTOPES? • Radioisotopes are unstable isotopes of elements of any atomic number • The nucleus will break apart and release radiation Parent Nucleus Daughter Nucleus Radiation Particle WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY? The emission (or release) of radiation from an unstable atom as the nucleus breaks apart WHAT IS RADIOACTIVE DECAY? • The nucleus breaking apart, becoming a different element and releasing radiation • Also called nuclear reactions