University:
Felician University
Course:
HIST-110 | World Geography and Culture
Academic year:

2023
Views:

75

Pages:

9
Author:

GalacticGuru

Nationalism Threatens Old Empires Holy Roman Empire dissolved by Napoleon Hapsburgs still controlled Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, and parts of other nations Since Congress of Vienna: Illegal to use word “constitution” Limited industrial development – threat to traditional life Empire couldn’t hold back changes Factories springing up Led to discontent – stirrings of socialism Hapsburg Empire multinational 50 million people – less than ¼ were German Speaking Austrians 1/2 = Slavic groups = Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes Rival groups shared some of same regions – including Italians & Hungarians Nationalist demands increased Revolts in 1848 crushed by government Turmoil – Francis Joseph inherits Hapsburg throne Ruled until 1916 – almost WWI Made reforms to strengthen Empire New Constitution – set up legislature Still – dominated by German speaking Austrian Other groups = not satisfied – wanted self-government 1866 – Austria defeated by Prussia 1867 - Ferenc Deak creates compromise created dual-monarchy of Austria-Hungary Still – Austria and Hungary separate states each with own constitution & parliament Francis Joseph ruled as emperor of Austria and king of Hungary Many resented compromise – especially Slavic groups Nationalist leaders = “Slavs unite…only through liberty, equality, and fraternal solidarity” could Slavic people fulfill “great mission in the history of mankind.” Early 1900s = nationalist unrest paralyzed government The Ottoman Empire Collapses Ottoman also multi-national Empire w/all the same problems Serbia wins autonomy – 1830 Greeks win independence in 1830s Many others had revolts = wanted own independent states European Powers Divide Up Ottoman Empire Nationalistic European nations saw the Ottoman Empire as “the sick man of Europe” They scrambled to take land Russia took land to the Black Sea (including Constantinople/ Istanbul) Austria-Hungary took Bosnia and Herzegovina which made Serbia mad – they wanted that area Britain & France want to take Ottoman lands in Middle East and North Africa War in the Balkans Competing interests led to series of wars in the Balkans Russia fought, so did France, Britain and the Germans Germans supported AustriaHungary – BUT – also encouraged the Ottomans People revolted and fought amongst themselves Early 1900s – region was referred to as the “Balkan Powder Keg” Explosion that came in 1914 helped to set off World War I