University:
Franklin University
Course:
HCM-860 | Social Determinants of Health
Academic year:

2020
Views:

420

Pages:

13
Author:

6AstralAdventurer

PRINCIPLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY CASE CONTROL STUDIES Aim of a studies  Descriptive Studies To create a hypothesis  To determine distribution of disease/condition  Focus on person, place and time.  Case reports and case series are examples of descriptive studies.  • Analytical Studies • To test a hypothesis Hierarchy of Study Types Descriptive Case Report Case Series Analytic Survey Observational Cross Sectional Ecologic Case-Control Experimental Cohort Randomized Control Trials Field Trials Strength of evidence for causality between a risk factor and outcome Community Trials Observational studies 4 Case-control studies Case-Control Study Case-Control Study Steps  Hypothesis definition  Selection of cases and controls  Exposure measurement  Analysis & interpretation Selection of cases in Case-Control Studies  Sources of cases     Population Hospital Registry Are the cases representative of total population or a fraction of it? Special features of case control study  Studying diseases with long latency  Efficient in time and cost  Suitable for rare diseases  Wide range of potential exposure Case definition  Strict diagnostic criteria  Homogenous or heterogeneous?  Where, when and whom?  Hospital versus population  Incident versus prevalent (survival factors) Types of controls  Sources of controls Population case  Population control Hospital case  Hospital control  Hospital controls: Patients with mixture of diagnosis are usually used as controls  Similar disease as controls  Friend or neighbor controls  Population controls Measures of exposure       Intensity (level or frequency) Duration Dose Average exposure Time since first Time since last Case-Control studies Exposure Disease Yes No Total Yes a b a +b No c d c +d a n1 +c bn2 +d N

Case Control Studies

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