Assignment #5 Dissection Structures

Table 9.1. Pig dissection structures and corresponding organ system(s). Structure Organ System Function Abdominal aorta Cardiovascular carries blood from heart to lower body Adrenal glands Endocrine secrete hormones like adrenaline/cortisol Apical bronchus Respiratory carries air to lung lobe Bladder Urinary stores urine Brachiocephalic trunk (artery) Cardiovascular carries blood to head/forelimbs Bulbourethral glands Reproductive (male) add fluid to semen Colon Digestive absorbs water; forms feces Common carotid arteries Cardiovascular carry blood to head/brain Diaphragm Muscular helps breathing Respiratory drive breathing by changing lung volume Epididymis Reproductive (male) stores/matures sperm Epiglottis Respiratory prevents food entering airway Esophagus Digestive moves food to stomach External jugular vein Cardiovascular drains blood from head/neck Facial nerve Nervous controls facial muscles Gallbladder Digestive stores bile Heart Cardiovascular pumps blood Inferior (caudal) vena cava Cardiovascular returns blood from lower body to heart Internal jugular veins Cardiovascular drain blood from brain/head Kidneys Urinary filter blood; make urine Large intestine (spiral organ) Digestive absorbs water; stores feces Larynx Respiratory voice box; air passage Liver Digestive makes bile; processes nutrients/toxins Lungs Respiratory gas exchange Masseter muscle Muscular chewing Mesentery Digestive holds intestines; carries vessels Ovaries Endocrine produce eggs and hormones Reproductive (female) make eggs + control female reproductive hormones Endocrine makes digestive enzymes and insulin/glucagon Digestive digest food chemically in the small intestine Penis Reproductive (male) delivers sperm; urine passage Pericardium Cardiovascular protects/surrounds heart Pancreas Structure Organ System Function Phrenic nerve Nervous controls diaphragm Primary (main) bronchi Respiratory carry air into lungs Pulmonary trunk Cardiovascular carries blood from heart to lungs Pyloric sphincter Digestive controls stomach emptying Rectum Digestive stores feces Renal arteries Cardiovascular carry blood to kidneys Renal veins Cardiovascular carry blood from kidneys Salivary glands Digestive produce saliva Small intestine Digestive digests/absorbs nutrients Spermatic cord Reproductive (male) supports testes; carries vessels/ducts Spleen Lymphatic filters blood; immune function Stomach Digestive digests food Subclavian arteries Cardiovascular carry blood to forelimbs Superior (cranial) vena cava Cardiovascular returns blood from upper body to heart Testes Endocrine produce sperm and testosterone Reproductive (male) make sperm + produce male hormones for reproduction Thoracic aorta Cardiovascular carries blood through chest/body Thymus Endocrine T-cell maturation Lymphatic trains T cells for the immune system (key lymphatic/immune function) Thyroid Endocrine regulates metabolism Tongue Muscular moves food; taste Trachea Respiratory carries air to bronchi Umbilical arteries Cardiovascular carry fetal blood to placenta Umbilical vein Cardiovascular carries oxygenated blood to fetus Ureters Urinary carry urine to bladder Urethra Urinary carries urine out of body Urogenital sinus Reproductive (female) female urinary/reproductive opening area Uterine horns (tube) Reproductive (female) support fetal development Uterus Reproductive (female) houses developing fetus Vagina Reproductive (female) birth canal; receives penis Vagus nerve Nervous parasympathetic control of organs Vas deferens Reproductive (male) carries sperm from epididymis