Using the Periodic Table

More Practice-Orbital Diagrams & Electron Configuration 1. The energy level n = 1 has only 1 sublevel, or orbital, called the 1s. It can hold 2 electrons, just like the energy level n = 1 can only hold 2 electrons. n = 1 2. The energy level n = 2 has these sublevels, 2s, 2px, 2py, and 2pz. Since each orbital can only hold 2 electrons, total, all of the n = 2 orbitals hold 8 electrons, just like the energy level n = 2 can only hold 8 electrons at most. n = 1 n = 2 3. The energy level n = 3 has these sublevels, 3s,3px, 3py,3pz. as well as five 3d orbitals. Since each orbital can only hold 2 electrons each, total, all of the n = 3 orbitals hold 18 electrons, just like the energy level n = 3 can only hold 18 electrons at most. n = 1 n = 2 More Practice with Electron Orbital Diagrams (the box thing) n = 3 Write the electron orbital diagrams (boxes with arrows) for each element below. 4. oxygen (O) 5. aluminum (Al) 1s 2px 2s 2py 2pz 3s 3px 3pz 3py 6. calcium (Ca) 1s 2px 2s 2py 2pz 3s 3px 3py 3pz 4s 7. iron (Fe) 1s 2px 2s 2py 2pz 3s 3px 3py 3pz 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz 3dx2-y2 3dz2 4s 8. nickel (Ni) 9. arsenic (As) 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz 3s 3px 3py 3pz 4s 3dxy 3dxz 3dyz 3dx2-y2 3dz2 4px 4py 10. barium (Ba) Fill all orbitals shown for arsenic above in #9, and also include one 5s orbital filled with 2 electrons (arrows), five 4d orbitals filled with ten electrons (arrows), three 5p orbitals filed with 6 electrons (arrows), and one 6s orbital filled with 2 electrons. Relating Orbital Diagrams to Electron Configuration… 4pz 11. Scientists have 2 ways of representing electrons in orbitals. 12. The first way, called orbital diagrams, is the thing we’ve been doing with the boxes and arrows. 13. The second way is called electron configuration, and it looks like this: 1s22s22p6. This example would stand for the element neon because it has 10 total electrons. Using Orbital Diagrams to Write Out Electron Configuration 14. You know how to write out the orbital diagram for hydrogen, electron configuration? 1s1 15. You know how to write out the orbital diagram for helium, configuration? 1s2 How would you write out the 1s How would you write out the electron 1s 16. You know how to write out the orbital diagram for carbon, How would you write the electron configuration? 1s22s22p2 1s 2s 2px 2py 2pz Using the Periodic Table to Write Out Electron Configuration 17. There is a simple way to use the periodic table to determine the electron configuration for any element. 18. Remember, the period number tells us the number of energy levels. 19. 1s22s22p63s1 corresponds to which element? sodium 20. 1s22s22p63s23p5 corresponds to which element? chlorine 21. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 corresponds to which element? iron Even though the d block for this problem corresponds to period number 4 we subtract 1 to give us the 3d orbitals. Try Writing Some Electron Configurations (Addresses) Using the Periodic Table Write the electron configuration for each of the following elements. 22. fluorine (F): 1s22s22p5 23. calcium (Ca): 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 24. vanadium (V): 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3 25. strontium (Sr): 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2 Noble Gas “Shortcut” Notation Chemists love shortcuts! Instead of writing out the full electron configuration starting with 1s 22s2…, chemists created a shortcut using the Noble Gas from the row above in the periodic table. Example: calcium = 1s22s22p63s23p64s2, and its Noble Gas “Shortcut” Notation would be written as Ar4s 2. Write the Noble Gas “Shortcut” Notation for the following elements. 26. manganese (Mn) : Ar4s23d5 27. rubidium (Rb): Kr5s1 28. sodium (Na): Ne3s1 29. lead (Pb): Xe6s24f145d106p2