Snyder Key Organic Chemistry

University:
High School
Course:
High School Chemistry
Academic year:

2020
Views:

51

Pages:

7
Author:

Cassius Whitehead

Snyder KEY organic Chemistry Hydrocarbons Contain ONLY Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes HYDROGEN + CARBON Organic Reactions Functional Groups Alcohols Halides Aldehydes Ketones Organic acids Amines Amides Esters Amino acids Ethers Allotropes → diff. forms of the same element Diamond Graphite Buckminster-fullerene Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for an atom of carbon: C: with four dots around it How many bonds can carbon form? 4 - COVALENT Name the shape of the molecule that would be formed: Tetrahedron This shape is NONPOLAR because it has a SYMMETRICAL shape. Carbon's bonding is unique because it can form SINGLE, DOUBLE, and TRIPLE bonds with itself. General Characteristics of Organic compounds: They are NONPOLAR They are INSOLUBLE in water because water is POLAR. They do dissolve in non-polar solvents such as BENZENE and CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. They are NONELECTROLYTES because they do not form ions in solution. They have WEAK intermolecular forces so their melting points and boiling points are relatively LOW. A larger molecular MASS1 will have a HIGHER melting or boiling point. 1. They react SLOWER than inorganic compounds because of more complex COVALENT bonding. Their reactions require high ACTIVATION energy to start. Molecular Formula Shows the ACTUAL number of each type of ATOM in the molecule Ex. C4H10 Structural Formula Shows the BONDING patterns and SHAPE of molecules in 2-dimensions Ex. C4H10 H-C-C-C-C-H H H H H Butane Isomers Compounds with the same MOLECULAR formula but a different STRUCTURAL formula Ex. C4H10 H-C-C-C-H H H H Propane H | H-C-C-C-H | | H H Methylpropane Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons (Table Q) Compounds containing HYDROGEN + CARBON only each member of the series differs from the next by the same unit CH2 Saturated organic compounds bonded entirely by SINGLE bonds "full of HYDROGEN" Unsaturated organic compounds bonded by DOUBLE or TRIPLE bonds "not full of Hydrogen" Alkanes General Formula: CnH2n+2 Example: C4H10 H-C-C-C-C-H H H H H Alkenes CnH2n H-C=C-H H H Alkynes CnH2n-2 H-C≡C-H Aromatic/or Cyclic CnH2n-6 Benzene (C6H6) 6-C ring with double bonds