Final Review 10 Acid Base of Chemistry

An H⁺ ion, in aqueous solution may also be written as (1) H₂O (2) H₂O₂ (3) H₃O⁺ (4) OH⁻ Which formula represents a hydronium ion? (1) NH₄⁺ (2) NH₃ (3) H₃O⁺ (4) HCO₃⁻ Which ion is the only negative ion present in an aqueous solution? (1) hydride ion (2) hydrogen ion (3) hydronium ion (4) hydroxide ion   A student tested a 0.1 M aqueous solution and made the following observations: • Conducts electricity • Turns blue litmus red • Reacts with zinc to produce hydrogen gas bubbles   Which compound could be the solute in this solution? (1) CH₃OH (2) LiBr (3) HBr (4) LiOH Which compound dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution that can conduct an electric current? (1) CCl₄ (2) C₂H₅OH (3) CH₃COOH (4) CH₄ An Arrhenius acid has (1) only hydroxide ions in solution (2) only hydrogen ions in solution (3) hydrogen ions as the only positive ion in solution (4) hydrogen ions as the only negative ion in solution Which substance is an Arrhenius acid?   (1) LiF(aq) (2) HBr(aq) (3) Mg(OH)₂(aq) (4) CH₃CHO Which compound is an Arrhenius base? (1) CH₄ (2) CO₂ (3) LiOH (4) NO₂ A sample of Ca(OH)₂ is considered to be an Arrhenius base because it dissolves in water to yield (1) Ca²⁺ ions as the only positive ions in solution (2) OH⁻ ions as the only negative ions in solution (3) OH⁻ ions as the only positive ions in solution (4) H⁺ ions as the only negative ions in solution The compound HNO₃ can be described as an (1) Arrhenius acid and an electrolyte (2) Arrhenius acid and a nonelectrolyte (3) Arrhenius base and an electrolyte (4) Arrhenius base and a nonelectrolyte   Which species can conduct an electric current?   (1) NaOH(s) (2) CH₃OH(aq) (3) H₂O(s) (4) HCl(aq) Which pair of formulas represents two compounds that are electrolytes? (1) HCl and CH₃OH (2) HCl and NaOH (3) C₆H₁₂ and CH₂OH (4) C₅H₁₂ and NaCl Which process uses a volume of solution of known concentration to determine the volume of solution of another solution? (1) distillation (2) substitution (3) transmutation (4) titration Which reaction occurs when hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions in water? (1) substitution (2) oxidation (3) neutralization (4) decomposition A student neutralized 16.4 mL of HCl acid by adding 12.7 mL of 0.620 M KOH. What was the molarity of the HCl acid? (1) 0.168 (2) 0.480 (3) 0.620 (4) 0.801 Which equation represents a neutralization reaction? (1) Na₂CO₃ + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + CaCO₃ (2) Ni(NO₃)₂ + H₂S → NiS + 2HNO₃ (3) NaCl + AgNO₃ → AgCl + NaNO₃ (4) H₂SO₄ + Mg(OH)₂ → 2H₂O + MgSO₄ Which compound could serve as a reactant in a neutralization reaction? (1) NaCl (2) KOH (3) CH₃OH (4) CH₃CHO In a neutralization reaction, which reactants form the salt CaSO₄(s)? (1) H₂S(g) and Ca(ClO₄)₂(s) (2) H₂SO₃(aq) and Ca(NO₃)₂(aq) (3) H₂SO₄(aq) and Ca(OH)₂(aq) (4) SO₂(g) and CaO Which of the following is the salt formed by the neutralization of calcium hydroxide by nitric acid? (1) calcium nitride (2) calcium nitrate (3) calcium nitroxide (4) nitro calcium   When the pH of a solution changes from a pH of 5 to a pH of 3, the hydronium ion concentration is (1) 0.01 of the original content (2) 0.1 of the original content (3) 10 times the original content (4) 100 times the original content 21. Which pH indicates a basic solution? * (1) 1 * (2) 5 * (3) 7 * (4) 12   Which of these 1M solutions will have the highest pH? (1) NaOH (2) CH₃OH (3) HCl (4) NaCl Which of these pH numbers indicates the highest level of acidity? (1) 1 (2) 8 (3) 10 (4) 12 Given the following solutions: Solution A: pH of 10 Solution B: pH of 7 Solution C: pH of 5 Which list has the solutions placed in order of increasing H⁺ concentrations?   (A) A, B, C (B) B, A, C (C) C, A, B (D) C, B, A Solution A has a pH of 3 and solution Z has a pH of 6. How many times greater is the hydronium ion concentration in Solution A than the hydronium ion concentration in Solution Z?   (1) 100 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 1000 A compound whose water solution conducts electricity and turns phenolphthalein pink is   (1) HCl (2) KOH (3) HC₂H₃O₂ (4) CH₃OH According to Reference Table M, what is the color of the indicator methyl orange in a solution that has a pH of 2? (1) blue (2) yellow (3) orange (4) red   In which solution will a thymol blue indicator appear blue? (1) 0.1 M HCl (2) 0.1 M KOH (3) 0.1 M CH₃COOH (4) 0.1 M H₂SO₄ Which indicator is yellow in a solution with a pH of 9.8? (1) methyl orange (2) bromthymol blue (3) bromcresol green (4) thymol blue   One acid-base theory states that an acid is (1) an electron donor (2) a neutron donor (3) an H⁺ donor   (4) an OH⁻ donor Which particles are lost or gained during an oxidation-reduction reaction? (1) electrons (2) neutrons (3) protons (4) positrons Which change occurs when Pt⁺⁴ is reduced? (1) The Pt⁺⁴ gains electrons and its oxidation number increases. (2) The Pt⁺⁴ gains electrons and its oxidation number decreases. (3) The Pt⁺⁴ loses electrons and its oxidation number increases. (4) The Pt⁺⁴ loses electrons and its oxidation number decreases. Given the equation: C(s) + H₂O(l) → CO(g) + H₂(g) Which species undergoes reduction? (1) C(s) (2) H₂O(l) (3) CO(g) (4) H₂(g) Given the balanced equation: Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s) Which equation correctly represents oxidation? (1) Zn(s) + 2e⁻ → Zn²⁺(aq) (2) Zn(s) → Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ (3) Cu²⁺(aq) → Cu(s) + 2e⁻ (4) Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s) Which type of reaction occurs when nonmetal atoms become negatively charged ions? (1) oxidation (2) reduction (3) substitution (4) condensation When a neutral atom undergoes oxidation, the atom's oxidation state (1) decreases as it gains electrons (2) decreases as it loses electrons (3) increases as it gains electrons (4) increases as it loses electrons   What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in NaNO₃?   (1) +1 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +4 What is the oxidation number of chromium in K₂Cr₂O₇? (1) +12 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +6 What is the oxidation number of chromium in the chromate ion, CrO₄²⁻? (1) +6 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +8 In which substance does chlorine have an oxidation number of +1? (1) Cl₂ (2) HCl (3) HClO (4) HClO₄ What is the oxidation number assigned to manganese in KMnO₄? (1) +7 (2) +2 (3) +3 (4) +4 Which balanced equation represents an oxidation-reduction reaction? (1) BaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl (2) Ca + H₂O → CaO + H₂ (3) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ (4) Mg(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ → 2H₂O + Mg(NO₃)₂ In which reaction are electrons transferred from one reactant to another reactant? (1) 2Ca(s) + O₂(g) → 2CaO(s) (2) AgNO₃(aq) + KCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO₃(aq) (3) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) (4) H₂O⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → 2H₂O(l) Given the balanced ionic equation representing a redox reaction: 2Al³⁺(aq) + 3Mg(s) → 3Mg²⁺(aq) + 2Al(s) In this reaction, electrons are transferred from (1) Mg to Al³⁺ (2) Al³⁺ to Mg (3) Mg²⁺ to Al (4) Al to Mg²⁺