University:
High School
Course:
High School Immunology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

69

Pages:

11
Author:

Clint W.

The Immune System Specific Defenses (3rd Line of Defense) • Identify & destroy specific pathogens (think bad guys) • Controlled by WBCs: – Macrophages – phagocytic cells – T Cells – mature in the Thymus – B Cells – mature in the bone marrow Recognizing Pathogens • Antigens – marker proteins on pathogens that start an immune response (think clothes) • Detected by receptor proteins on macrophages Macrophages & Helper T Cells • Macrophages display detected antigens on their own surface • Activates the 3rd line of defense by activating Helper T Cells – “Shows” antigen to helper T Cell – Think calling 9-1-1 3rd Line of Defense • Two simultaneous responses: – Both activated by Helper T Cells • Locate Killer T Cells & B Cells that are specific for the antigen • Causes them to rapidly multiply Cell-Mediated Response (Killer T Cells) • Killer T Cells (aka “Cytotoxic T Cells”) destroy cells infected with a specific pathogen – Secrete proteins that cause infected cells to burst &die Humoral Response (B Cells & Antibodies) • B Cells produce antibodies – Antibodies – proteins that bind to the antigen on a pathogen • Think “handcuffs” – Prevent pathogen from entering healthy cells – Clump pathogens together for disposal Memory Cells • After an infection, some B cells & Killer T cells remain – respond more quickly if infected again by the same pathogen • Leads to immunity – Resistance to a specific pathogen Vaccination • Purposeful exposure to a deactivated virus or the antigens of a virus – Causes the production of memory cells – Leads to immunity – Should have no symptoms because the virus is inactive & cannot infect healthy cells Allergies • An immune response to a harmless substance • Allergen (pollen) attaches to antibodies and causes histamine release • Histamine - Causes fluid to escape capillaries and move into tissue • leads to runny nose, sneezing, swelling and itching (eyes, hives, bites) Autoimmune Disease • Immune response to the body’s own cells Pathogen enter body Macrophages Call 9-1-1 B Cells Helper T Cells Killer T cells Produce Kill cells Antibodies

The Immune Systems Study Guide

The Immune Systems Study Guide - Page 10

The Immune Systems Study Guide - Page 11

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