ATI Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Exam 2025

ATI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM 2025 140+ (Updated 2025-2026) Complete Exam Pack | A+ Graded Questions & Verified Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass Rate ✓ Complete exam coverage: ATI Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Exam 2025 ✓ 100% Accurate & Verified Questions and Answers ✓ Reviewed by Subject Matter Experts ✓ Updated for current exam objectives ✓ Instant digital download after purchase Trusted by thousands of students and professionals worldwide • Questions Question 1 Which of the following glands is responsible for temperature regulation? A. Apocrine glands B. Sebaceous glands C. Serous glands D. Eccrine glands Correct Answer D. Eccrine glands Question 2 Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder? A. Production of bile B. Absorption of bile C. Storage of bile D. Elimination of bile Correct Answer C. storage of bile Question 3 The femur and the humerus belong to which of the following categories? A. Long bones B. Short bones C. Flat bones D. Irregular bones Correct Answer A. long bones Question 4 Which of the following is responsible for the regulation of body temperature? A. Cerebellum B. Pons C. Hypothalamus D. Parietal lobe Correct Answer C. hypothalamus Question 5 Which of the following occurs due to the release of antidiuretic hormone? A. The renal tubules absorb less water. B. Urine becomes less concentrated. C. Fluid volume in the body increases. D. Insensible water loss increases. Correct Answer C. fluid volume in the body increases Question 6 Which of the following statements is correct regarding parietal pleura? A. They adhere to the wall of the thoracic cavity surrounding the lungs. B. They adhere directly to each lung. C. They create a space between the lungs and the wall of the thoracic cavity. D. They are mucous membranes that contain ciliated epithelium. Correct Answer A. they adhere to the wall of the thoracic cavity surrounding the lungs Question 7 Which of the following body functions is stimulated by the somatic nervous system? A. Heart rate B. Breathing C. Sweating D. Skeletal muscle movement Correct Answer D. Skeletal muscle movement Question 8 Which of the following actions is the stimulus for defecation? A. Stretching of the muscles of the rectum B. Peristalsis of the colon C. Relaxation of the internal anal sphincter D. Relaxation of the external anal sphincter Correct Answer A. stretching of the muscles of the rectum Question 9 Which of the following processes describes the transport of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration? A. Osmosis B. Diffusion C. Filtration D. Active transport Correct Answer B. diffusion Question 10 Which of the following types of muscle tissue is under voluntary control? A. Smooth B. Cardiac C. Visceral D. Skeletal Correct Answer D. skeletal Question 11 Which of the following parts of the brain regulates heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure? A. Corpus callosum B. Basal ganglia C. Hypothalamus D. Medulla oblongata Correct Answer D. Medulla Oblongata Question 12 Which of the following is the function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs? A. Uptake of oxygen in the alveoli B. Prevention of alveoli collapse C. Removal of carbon dioxide in the alveoli D. Increase alveoli surface tension Correct Answer B. Prevention of alveoli collapse Question 13 Which of the following structures contains collagen and elastin as major proteins? A. Epidermis B. Dermis C. Subcutaneous tissue D. Adipose tissue Correct Answer B. Dermis Question 14 Which of the following actions take place during atrial systole? A. The cardiac muscle in the atrial wall contracts, forcing blood through the atrioventricular valves and into the ventricles. B. The atrioventricular valves close, and blood is forced out of the ventricles through the semilunar valve and into the arteries. C. The semilunar valves close when the ventricles relax. D. The atrioventricular valves abruptly close as the ventricles contract. Correct Answer A. The cardiac muscle in the atrial wall contracts, forcing blood through the atrioventricular valves and into the ventricles Question 15 Which of the following effects does atrial natriuretic hormone have on urine output? A. Increased urine volume B. Decreased urine volume C. Increased sodium reabsorption D. Increased potassium reabsorption Correct Answer A. Increased urine volume Question 16 Which of the following steps occurs first during the process of wound healing? A. Blood clots stop the blood loss at the injury site. B. Fiber-producing cells in dermis repair the damaged network of fibers. C. Fibroblast cells repair damaged tissue by collagen deposition. D. Blood capillaries increase the blood flow to the injured area. Correct Answer A. Blood clots stop the blood loss at the injury site Question 17 Which type of fluid makes up the largest distribution of total body water? A. Intracellular fluids B. Extracellular fluids C. Transcellular fluids D. Lymph Correct Answer A. Intracellular fluids Question 18 Which of the following structure coils represents the location where immature sperm forms? A. Spermatic cord B. Vas deferens C. Seminiferous tubules D. Epididymis Correct Answer C. seminiferous tubules Question 19 Which of the following body structures has the same amount of salt as an isotonic solution? A. Red blood cell B. Schwann cell C. Lymph node D. Phagocyte Correct Answer A. red blood cell Question 20 Which of the following is the mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the anterior surface of the eyeball? A. Conjunctiva B. Sclera C. Ciliary body D. Cornea Correct Answer A. conjunctiva Question 21 Which of the following is associated with the release of histamine? A. Macrophages B. T-cells C. Neutrophils D. Mast cells Correct Answer D. mast cells Question 22 Which of the following structures is located at the end of the ear canal and vibrates when sound waves strike it? A. Acoustic meatus B. Cochlea C. Eustachian tube D. Tympanic membrane Correct Answer D. Tympanic membrane Question 23 Which of the following structures of the gastrointestinal system absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts? A. Ileum B. Jejunum C. Colon D. Duodenum Correct Answer A. ileum Question 24 Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct? A. Glomerulus B. Loop of Henle C. Bowman's capsule D. Distal convoluted tubule Correct Answer D. distal convoluted tubule Question 25 Which of the following cell structures provides the fluid medium required for biochemical reactions? A. Ribosome B. Cytosol C. Nucleus D. Mitochondria Correct Answer B. cytosol Question 26 Which of the following vessels returns blood to the left atrium? A. Inferior and superior vena cavae B. Pulmonary veins C. Pulmonary artery D. Aorta Correct Answer B. Pulmonary veins Question 27 Which of the following is a major function of the larynx? A. Swallowing B. Hiccupping C. Coughing D. Speaking Correct Answer D. speaking Question 28 Which of the following is a wax-like substance secreted by glands in the external ear canal? A. Mucus B. Cerumen C. Sweat D. Sebum Correct Answer B. cerumen Question 29 Which of the following are examples of connective tissue? A. Cartilage and adipose B. Neurons and Schwann's cells C. Cuboidal and stratified squamous D. Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle Correct Answer A. cartilage and adipose Question 30 Which of the following is a major function of the frontal lobe? A. Hearing B. Motor function C. Sensory perception D. Language comprehension Correct Answer B. motor function Question 31 Which of the following structures prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs? A. Larynx B. Epiglottis C. Esophagus D. Nasopharynx Correct Answer B. epiglottis Question 32 Which of the following is a site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system? A. Seminal vesicles B. Vas deferens C. Epididymis D. Prostate gland Correct Answer C. epididymis Question 33 Which process of the kidneys that takes place in the distal and collecting tubes is responsible for moving substances out of the blood and into the urine ? A. Secretion B. Reabsorption C. Filtration D. Micturition Correct Answer A. secretion Question 34 An excessively high concentration of which of the following electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmias? A. Chloride B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Sodium Correct Answer C. potassium Question 35 Which of the following sensors will respond immediately as a result of hemorrhage? A. Baroreceptors B. Chemoreceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Mechanoreceptors Correct Answer A. baroreceptors Question 36 Which of the following is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell? A. Fibrinogen B. Albumin C. Hemoglobin D. Erythropoietin Correct Answer C. hemoglobin Question 37 Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by which of the following glands? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal C. Parathyroid D. Posterior pituitary Correct Answer C. parathyroid Question 38 Which of the following tissues is defined by its ability to increase tension and contract? A. Nerve B. Muscle C. Connective D. Epithelial Correct Answer B. muscle Question 39 Which of the following structures is involved in the development of the immune response in a newborn? A. Liver B. Adrenal cortex C. Spleen D. Thymus gland Correct Answer D. thymus gland Question 40 Which of the following describes the event of ovulation? A. The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus. B. The oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division. C. The Graafian follicle releases an ovum. D. The corpus luteum produces progesterone. Correct Answer C. the graafian follicle releases an ovum Question 41 Which of the following is a structure that filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid? A. Thymus B. Nodes C. Tonsils D. Spleen Correct Answer B. nodes Question 42 Which of the following structures will ensure the rapid spread of an impulse and synchronous contractions of ventricular muscle? A. Atrioventricular node B. Sinoatrial node C. Bundle of His D. Purkinje fibers Correct Answer D. purkinje fibers Question 43 Which of the following is the main function of the pancreas? A. Regulates sodium levels B. Regulates somatostatin levels C. Regulates potassium levels D. Regulates glucose levels Correct Answer D. regulates glucose levels Question 44 Which of the following does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body? A. Oxygen B. Carbon dioxide C. Bicarbonate D. Lactic acid Correct Answer B. carbon dioxide Question 45 Which of the following effects is expected when renin is released from the kidney? A. An increase in blood pressure due to widespread vasoconstriction B. A decrease in blood pressure due to widespread vasodilation C. A decreased release of aldosterone D. An increased release of erythropoietin Correct Answer A. An increase in blood pressure due to widespread vasoconstriction Question 46 Which of the following is the function of angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure? A. Vasoconstriction B. Decreased sodium retention C. Increased heart rate D. Inhibits production of aldosterone Correct Answer A. Vasoconstriction Question 47 In a functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate? A. Atrioventricular node B. Bundle of His C. Purkinje fibers D. Sinoatrial node Correct Answer D. Sinoatrial node Question 48 Which of the following terms identifies the volume of air that enters the lungs during quiet breathing? A. Tidal volume B. Residual volume C. Inspiratory reserve volume D. Expiratory reserve volume Correct Answer A. tidal volume Question 49 An individual with which of the following blood types can receive only blood of that same type? A. Type O B. Type AB C. Type A D. Type B Correct Answer A. type O Question 50 Which of the following types of vertebrae provide the most support of the body weight? A. Lumbar B. Thoracic C. Sacral D. Cervical Correct Answer A. lumbar Question 51 Which of the following is the percentage of plasma in whole blood? A. 55% B. 20% C. 90% D. 100% Correct Answer A. 55 precent Question 52 Which of the following types of cells is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms? A. Basophils B. Eosinophils C. B-cells D. Macrophages Correct Answer D. macrophages Question 53 Which of the following might indicate a hypersecretion of thyroid hormones? A. Weight loss B. Bradycardia C. Cold intolerance D. Lethargy Correct Answer A. weight loss Question 54 What characteristic of receptors aids in the selective permeability of the cell membrane? A. Receptor sites match the shape of a specific chemical. B. Receptor sites can match a wide range of chemical configurations. C. Receptor sites prevent direct passage of substances. D. Receptor sites permit direct free passage of substances readily across the cell membrane. Correct Answer A. Receptor sites match the shape of a specific chemical. Question 55 Testosterone production is regulated by which of the following glands? A. Pineal B. Thymus C. Parathyroid D. Pituitary Correct Answer D. pituitary Question 56 Which of the following hormones controls the milk ejection reflex during lactation? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Oxytocin D. Prolactin Correct Answer C. oxytocin Question 57 In the process of wound healing, which of the following plays a role in clearing a wound of cellular debris? A. Mast cells B. Fibroblasts C. Platelets D. Neutrophils Correct Answer D. Neutrophils Question 58 Which of the following blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart? A. Anterior and posterior coronary arteries B. Brachial and cephalic veins C. Left and right carotid arteries D. Superior and inferior vena cavae Correct Answer D. Superior and inferior vena cavae Question 59 Which of the following describes the path air follows on the way to the lungs? A. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx B. Laryngopharynx, pharynx, oropharynx C. Oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx D. Nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, oropharynx Correct Answer A. Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx Question 60 Which of the following types of white blood cells enter the tissues and become macrophages? A. Monocytes B. Neutrophils C. Lymphocytes D. Dendritic cells Correct Answer A. Monocytes Question 61 Which of the following cardiac valves prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart? A. Pulmonic B. Mitral C. Tricuspid D. Aortic Correct Answer D. Aortic Question 62 Which of the following is a result of the process of meiosis? A. The fertilization of an ovum takes place. B. A somatic cell divides. C. Sperm and ova are produced. D. Cell death occurs. Correct Answer C. Sperm and ova are produced. Question 63 Mitosis is essential for which of the following processes? A. Tissue repair B. Blood clotting C. Organism reproduction D. Pathogen destruction Correct Answer A. tissue repair Question 64 Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis? A. Formation of plugs B. Promotion of vasodilation C. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin D. Activation of calcium Correct Answer A. Formation of plugs Question 65 Which of the following is involved in fluid balance and is produced by the kidneys? A. Renin B. Aldosterone C. Antidiuretic hormone D. Angiotensin I Correct Answer A. renin Question 66 Which of the following structures comes immediately after the ascending colon? A. Ileocecal valve B. Transverse colon C. Rectum D. Appendix Correct Answer B. Transverse colon Question 67 Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through which of the following processes? A. Conduction B. Convection C. Radiation D. Evaporation Correct Answer C. radiation Question 68 Which of the following substances is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens? A. Lymphatic fluid B. Stomach acid C. Bicarbonate D. Lipase Correct Answer B. Stomach acid Question 69 In which of the following organelles does cellular respiration take place? A. Mitochondria B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Ribosomes D. Golgi apparatus Correct Answer A. Mitochondria Question 70 Which of the following is an effect of nerve impulses on smooth muscle? A. Regulation of heartbeat B. Initiation of gross motor skills C. Involuntary muscle contractions D. Voluntary contraction of muscles Correct Answer C. Involuntary muscle contractions Question 71 Which of the following pituitary hormones stimulates the process of gametogenesis? A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicle-stimulating hormone Correct Answer D. Follicle-stimulating hormone Question 72 Which of the following mediates the body's response to stress? A. Cortisol B. Calcitonin C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Growth hormone Correct Answer A. cortisol Question 73 Which of the following structures of the cell contains hereditary information and genetic material? A. Nucleus B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Cytoplasm D. Lysozymes Correct Answer A. nucleus Question 74 When blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart, which of the following structures does it enter next? A. Aorta B. Inferior vena cava C. Pulmonary artery D. Pulmonary vein Correct Answer A. aorta Question 75 Which of the following terms identifies the body fluid that lies within the cells? A. Interstitial fluid B. Extracellular fluid C. Synovial fluid D. Intracellular fluid Correct Answer D. intracellular Question 76 The hip joint is an example of which type of joint? A. Hinge B. Ball-and-socket C. Gliding D. Pivot Correct Answer B. ball and socket Question 77 Which electrolyte level must be sufficient for prothrombin to be converted to thrombin? A. Calcium B. Phosphorous C. Potassium D. Sodium Correct Answer A. calcium Question 78 Which of the following parts of the central nervous system is responsible for the control of involuntary respirations? A. Medulla oblongata B. Cerebellum C. Parietal lobe D. Hypothalamus Correct Answer A. Medulla oblongata Question 79 Production of which of the following is a function of the prostate gland? A. Testosterone B. Fluid to lubricate the head of the penis C. Fluid to enhance sperm motility D. Gonadotropin releasing hormone Correct Answer C. Fluid to enhance sperm motility Question 80 Which of the following components are found in the channels of the cell membrane? A. Proteins B. Lipids C. Cholesterol D. Diglyceride Correct Answer A. proteins Question 81 Which of the following types of cells release histamine in response to allergens? A. B cells B. T cells C. Mast cells D. Dendritic cells Correct Answer C. mast cells Question 82 Which of the following terms identifies the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels? A. Central venous pressure B. Blood pressure C. Pulse pressure D. Mean arterial pressure Correct Answer B. blood pressure Question 83 Which product is the result of cellular respiration? A. Oxygen B. Glucose C. Carbon dioxide D. Adenosine triphosphate Correct Answer D. Adenosine triphosphate Question 84 Which of the following is a type of connective tissue? A. Skin B. Bladder C. Blood D. Spinal cord Correct Answer C. blood Question 85 Where are nutrients absorbed to be transported into the bloodstream? A. Stomach B. Gallbladder C. Pancreas D. Small intestine Correct Answer D. small intestine Question 86 Which of the following valves prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart? A. Aortic B. Tricuspid C. Pulmonic D. Mitral Correct Answer B. tricuspid Question 87 Which of the following processes is used to transport water and small solute particles through a membrane from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area? A. Filtration B. Phagocytosis C. Osmosis D. Active transport Correct Answer A. filtration Question 88 Which of the following is the hormone that regulates urine output? A. Thyroid-stimulating B. Antidiuretic C. Adrenocorticotropic D. Follicle-stimulating Correct Answer B. antidiuretic Question 89 Which of the following functions is associated with the dermal layer of the skin? A. Collagen formation B. Vitamin D activation C. Melanin production D. Storage of extra calories Correct Answer A. collagen formation Question 90 Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting epinephrine and norepinephrine that help in the "fight or flight" reaction? A. Parathyroid B. Testes or ovaries C. Adrenal medulla D. Posterior pituitary Correct Answer C. adrenal medulla Question 91 Breastfeeding provides which of the following types of immunity for an infant? A. Artificial active B. Natural active C. Artificial passive D. Natural passive Correct Answer D. natural passive Question 92 Which of the following blood types is identified as the universal donor? A. negative B. positive C. AB positive D. A positive Correct Answer A. negative Question 93 A normal adult bladder has the capacity to hold up to how many mL of urine before involuntary micturition is likely to occur? A. 200 B. 400 C. 600 D. 800 Correct Answer C. 600 Question 94 Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland? A. Growth hormone B. Luteinizing hormone C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone D. Antidiuretic hormone Correct Answer D. antidiuretic hormone Question 95 Which of the following is the average length of the female urethra? A. 2.5 to 3.8 cm (1 to 1.5 in) B. 5.1 to 6.4 cm (2 to 2.5 in) C. 12.7 to 14 cm (5 to 5.5 in) D. 15.2 to 16.5 cm (6 to 6.5 in) Correct Answer A. 2.5 to 3.8 cm (1 to 1.5 in) Question 96 Which of the following tissues attaches muscle to bone? A. Fascia B. Tendon C. Ligament D. Bursa Correct Answer B. tendon Question 97 Which of the following statements about lymph circulation in the human body is accurate? A. The movement of lymph in the lymphatic vessels goes one way only. B. Large molecules are unable to enter the lymphatic system. C. Lymph flows through the capillaries and then moves into larger vessels called arteries. D. Lymph is formed because of the phagocytosis in the capillaries. Correct Answer A. The movement of lymph in the lymphatic vessels goes one way only. Question 98 Which of the following describes the anatomical region that contains palatine tonsils and lymph nodes? A. Laryngopharynx B. Nasopharynx C. Oropharynx D. Pharynx Correct Answer C. oropharynx Question 99 Which of the following is a solution containing a salt concentration lower than the concentration in red blood cells? A. Hypotonic B. Isotonic C. Hypertonic D. Solute Correct Answer A. hypotonic Question 100 Which of the following describes the function of the pyloric sphincter? A. Regulate the evacuation of stool from the colon. B. Prevent regurgitation of food from the stomach into the esophagus. C. Control passage of chyme from the pylorus to the duodenum. D. Manage movement of digested products from the small to large intestine. Correct Answer C. Control passage of chyme from the pylorus to the duodenum. Question 101 Which of the following is the correct order of the protective meningeal layers of the brain from inside to outside? A. Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid B. Arachnoid, dura mater, pia mater C. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater D. Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater Correct Answer C. Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater Question 102 Which of the following antibody types mediates the body's response to an allergen? A. IgA B. IgD C. IgE D. IgG Correct Answer C. IgE Question 103 Which of the following statements accurately describes the pericardium? A. It consists of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between them. B. It is muscle tissue found in the wall of each chamber of the heart. C. It is a very thin layer of smooth tissue found in each chamber of the heart. D. It is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. Correct Answer A. It consists of two layers of fibrous tissue with a small space in between them. Question 104 Which of the following processes is the result of mitosis? A. Tissue repair B. Cell defense C. Cellular respiration D. Cell destruction Correct Answer A. tissue repair Question 105 Which of the following processes is the first step in urine formation? A. Filtration B. Concentration C. Reabsorption D. Secretion Correct Answer A. filtration Question 106 Which of the following structures is located between the descending colon and the rectum? A. Sigmoid colon B. The cecum C. The jejunum D. Ascending colon Correct Answer A. sigmoid colon Question 107 Hematopoiesis occurs in which of the following structures? A. Liver B. Spleen C. Adrenal glands D. Bone marrow Correct Answer D. bone marrow Question 108 Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system? A. Decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles B. Increased cardiac output C. Decreased respiratory rate D. Increased urinary output Correct Answer B. increased cardiac output Question 109 After passing through the glottis, inspired air travels through which of the following structures next? A. Larynx B. Trachea C. Pharynx D. Bronchi Correct Answer A. larynx Question 110 Which of the following is a structure of the inner ear? A. Tympanic membrane B. Cochlea C. Stapes D. Auricle Correct Answer B. cochlea Question 111 Which of the following terms describes myocardial relaxation during the cardiac cycle? A. Systole B. Depolarization C. Diastole D. Repolarization Correct Answer C. diastole Question 112 Which of the following structures is commonly referred to as the Adam's apple and is a landmark for the trachea? A. Hyoid bone B. Cricoid cartilage C. Epiglottis D. Thyroid cartilage Correct Answer D. thyroid cartilage Question 113 Which of the following structures are involved in the production of renin? A. Cortical nephrons B. Juxtaglomerular cells C. Beta cells D. Juxtamedullary nephrons Correct Answer B. Juxtaglomerular cells Question 114 Which of the following is the function of the ureters? A. To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder B. To conduct urine from the bladder to outside the body C. To move filtrate from the glomerulus to the loop of Henle D. To move filtrate from the loop of Henle to the collecting duct Correct Answer A. To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder Question 115 Which of the following electrolytes plays an essential role in the clotting of blood? A. Sodium B. Magnesium C. Calcium D. Potassium Correct Answer C. calcium Question 116 Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of breast milk after delivery of the fetus? A. Oxytocin B. Follicle-stimulating hormone C. Prolactin D. Progesterone Correct Answer C. prolactin Question 117 Which of the following tissues connects bones to joints? A. Fascia B. Muscle C. Cartilage D. Ligaments Correct Answer D. ligaments Question 118 Which of the following is a function of the liver? A. Lipid metabolism B. Electrolyte reabsorption C. Erythropoietin production D. Insulin synthesis Correct Answer A. Lipid metabolism Question 119 Which of the following processes must occur for the second meiotic division of the ovum to complete? A. Ovulation B. Fertilization C. Gametogenesis D. Spermatogenesis Correct Answer B. fertilization Question 120 Which of the following is a mechanism of heat loss that depends on evaporation? A. Sweating B. Urinating C. Vasodilation D. Vasoconstriction Correct Answer A. sweating Question 121 Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism? A. Aldosterone B. Calcitonin C. Thyroxine D. Parathyroid Correct Answer B. calcitonin Question 122 Which of the following vessels directs blood to the lungs? A. Pulmonary artery B. Pulmonary veins C. Aorta D. Superior vena cava Correct Answer A. pulmonary artery Question 123 Which of the following is associated with wound healing by primary intention? A. Minimal scar tissue B. Prolonged healing time C. Formation of granulation tissue D. Contraction of wound edges Correct Answer A. minimal scar tissue Question 124 Blood pH is measured by the gain and loss of which of the following? A. Bicarbonate B. Carbon dioxide C. Hydrochloric acid D. Hydrogen Correct Answer D. hydrogen Question 125 Which of the following terms describes the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli? A. Ventilation B. Respiration C. Inhalation D. Exhalation Correct Answer A. ventilation Question 126 Which of the following structures will develop if the process of collagen formation is not inhibited? A. Keloid B. Scar C. Callus D. Scab Correct Answer A. keloid Question 127 Which of the following is responsible for the skin coloration of a suntan? A. Keratin B. Sebum C. Melanin D. Hemoglobin Correct Answer C. melanin Question 128 Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton? A. Xyphoid process B. Symphysis pubis C. Sacrum D. Sternum Correct Answer B. pubis Question 129 Which of the following is a by-product that is produced as the result of oxygen debt? A. Lactic acid B. Myoglobin C. Carboxyhemoglobin D. Hemoglobin Correct Answer A. lactic acid Question 130 Which of the following structures of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange? A. Pleurae B. Alveoli C. Trachea D. Bronchioles Correct Answer B. aveoli Question 131 Which of the following plasma proteins is synthesized by the liver and contributes to the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood? A. Globulin B. Albumin C. Fibrinogen D. Complement Correct Answer B. albumin Question 132 During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, high levels of which hormone is secreted to stimulate growth and maturation of the ovum? A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. Luteinizing hormone D. Follicle-stimulating hormone Correct Answer B. estrogen Question 133 What is the name of the specialized junction that neurons of the nervous system utilize to communicate? A. Synapse B. Postsynaptic receptor C. Neurotransmitter D. Dendrite Correct Answer A. synapse Question 134 Which of the following occurs at the beginning of systole in a healthy heart? A. The ventricles contract. B. The atria contract. C. The mitral valve opens. D. The tricuspid valve opens. Correct Answer A. The ventricles contract. Question 135 Which type of glial cells are found only in the brain and spinal cord and produce myelin? A. Astrocytes B. Microglia C. Ependymal cells D. Oligodendrocytes Correct Answer D. Oligodendrocytes Question 136 Bile aids in the digestion of which of the following? A. Fat B. Protein C. Vitamins D. Carbohydrates Correct Answer A. fat Question 137 Which structure of the heart conduction system spreads the electrical impulse to the myocardial contractile cells in the ventricle? A. Sinoatrial node B. Atrioventricular node C. Bundle of His D. Purkinje fibers Correct Answer D. Purkinje fibers Question 138 Which of the following is the measurement of the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood? A. Hematocrit B. Hemoglobin C. Mean corpuscular volume D. Reticulocyte count Correct Answer A. Hematocrit Question 139 Which type of immunity is achieved through annual flu immunization? A. Artificial active immunity B. Nonspecific innate immunity C. Artificial passive immunity D. Natural passive Immunity Correct Answer A. Artificial active immunity Question 140 Which of the following is a substance secreted by the pleura that prevents friction during breathing? A. Mucous B. Surfactant C. Serous fluid D. Angiotensin Correct Answer C. Serous fluid