The Age of Exploration Notes

What Motivated European Exploration? The Age of Exploration (Also Known as Discovery) Cues Notetaking Column 1. The Age of Exploration - 1450-1700 - Discovery - Shortly BEFORE the Ren. - Humans have explored for thousands of years, even before innovations in travel vehicles - walking - People started walking East in the Middle Ages... bringing things back to Europe - spices - silk; the silk road - Renaissance period: New ideas, new things... new experiences 2. Bandits, Pirates, and Raiders - As people began to walk with cargo with imported goods (silk road), bandits (or “land pirates”) started to raid people. - Taxing people for “‘travel”, fees - Canow? to go travel through Med. 3. Early 1400s - Early 1400s: Goods in Asia they can’t get anywhere else, lots of $$$, Europeans began to get tired of paying high prices - Faster trade route to Asia - Motivated by BUSINESS 4. The Three “G’s” - Motivation! - GOLD: Wealth, MONEY - The Myth of Elderaldo (A city where EVERYTHING is Gold) - Likely #1 motivating factor - People want to get rich... the search for wealth - CAPITALISM on the rise! - People making MORE than NEEDED - Merchants.... making a living by buying and selling - Investing! - More money, risk, Kings and Queens - Money to fund project.... more money together! - The buying and selling of things that aren’t in Europe - GLORY: Stories about people through through printing press - For individuals, Kings, and Queens - Stories about captains and travel - Humanism - The American Dream– If you work hard, you’ll do well... individual agency - Individual achievement! “I have an idea... I’m going to do this.” - Wanting to be FAMOUS - Kings and Queens– COMPETITIVE - Glory to King, Glory to God, Glory to an Individual - GOD: Christianity and the Church - of importance - SPREAD the message - “converting” people into a Christian - Christianity as a purpose.... God’s message - Split branches of Christianity... Catholicism, the Protestant Reformation - Colonization “a race to convert people after contact” - Languages: - Portuguese.... conquerers of Brazil(Portuguese) - Spain (Spanish) - UK (English) - France (French) Summary Europeans of this time were motivated by exploration and business. Through exploration, they had access to many more exotic and nw goods. It wasn’t soon after that people began to be motivated my GOLD, GLORY, and GOD. ARGHH, Matey! Ariane What Motivated European Exploration The Age of Exploration (Also Known as Discovery) Cues Notetaking Column 1. Mapping and Geography - Explorers... Charting and Map making - Accuracy of Maps are based off of Explorers - A belief: Christopher Columbus traveled from Spain to West, thinking he’ll get to India... - Horizon– the belief that once you reach the “line” you fall off - Portugal Voyage to India 1497... Journey home 1499 - Suspicions, paranoia, superstitions.... “What if I fall off the edge?” - For many years. Sailors were both afraid and unable to sail beyond the tip of Africa - In 1497. a Portuguese sailor named Vasco da Gama rounded the Southern tip of Africa - He sailed across eastern coast of Africa Indian Ocean to India - Returned with cargo and wealth: Spices, precious stones, etc. - He proves that you CAN sale to India and back! You don’t NEED to use an “over land” route - He brought back all the items and goods Europeans were dying to get. 2. Christopher Columbus - Christopher Columbus “Discovered America” Two problems: There were already people in America He ACTUALLY landed in the middle of the Caribbean, thinking he was in Japan C.C. had the IDEA that the world was round! He thought he could reach India by sailing west... he was right.. but he was also wrong. C.C. was rejected by Portugal when asking them to fund his exploration... so he went to Spain! He set sail from Spain on August 3, 1492... In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue When C.C. thought he has arrived in India, he thought the people were INDIANS.... this is where the slang term comes from for Aboriginal people Treated Aboriginals as “monkeys” or “exotic people”... put on display in zoo Kings and Queens start sending people to America! The British and French soon began to send people to America as well! - He made FOUR TRIPS in his lifetime: - 1492-1493 - 1493-1496 - 1502-1504 - 1498-1500 - From a sailor into a business man... slave labour, human trafficking - First of Europeans to come to America in order to enrich it Summary Christopher Columbus exploited the resources he found after arriving in America. Due to the fact he thought he had arrived in India, Aboriginal People were soon called Indians. This was the start of many other Europeans soon after arriving in America, and also the reason why us Canadians speak English and French today! ARGHH, Matey! What new technologies enabled exploration? Ariane The Age of Exploration (Also known as discovery) Cues Notetaking Column 1. Portugal: Trade and Christianity - Smaller country - Success due to Prince Henry the Navigator - 1419- he united mapmakers, shipbuilders, and navigators - together, they designed a ship known as a caravel– larger, stronger, easier to steer, and faster than other ships - Prince Henry can sponsor these.... Portugal sends out more missions than anyone else - These missions go south... down the west side of Africa - As they searched for a trade route by sea in Asia, they made connections with Africa - Sailing is faster.... faster = more money - Sailing is less dangerous, much more efficient; no bandits - Missionaries converting people to Christianity - The Portuguese were the first to begin slave trade; they took people from Africa and brought them back as slaves... exploited slave trade - Prince Henry died in 1460... however the Portuguese have been extremely profitable already, trade routes, success. He “sowed the seeds” 2. Causes & Consequences 3. Navigation and Shipbuilding - Compass: Magnetic North... made by Chinese - Astrolabe: Uses the North Star or Sun to calculate latitude; the distance north or south of the Equator - Sun for day - North star for night - Difficult to use, not very accurate - Sextant: Replaced astrolabe, used for measuring angle between horizon and sun or star... used to find out the latitude of ship - Key ship design changes... The Caravel: maneuverable and manageable - The faster you can sail, the more money you can make - Caravel shape of sails known as lateen –> triangular - Bilge pumps –> doesn’t flood, pumps in and out water.. affects how deep it sinks in the water - higher = up rivers - two of three of C.C.’s ships were caravels, ship is eventually replaced by dallion(?) - Mercator Projection– took something that was round and turned it into cylinder Summary Due to Prince Henry, the Navigator, Portugal was the center of many innovations of the 14th century. These innovations mainly had to do with navigation, shipbuilding, and mapmaking. This was the start of “new technology” when it comes to travel. Argh, Matey! Ariane The Columbian Exchange The Age of Exploration Cues Notetaking Column 1. Introduction - The Columbian Exchange: The movement fo people, food, animals, goods, ideas, and diseases– between Europe and America. - Took place after C.C. reached the Americas in 1492 - Global connection and trade... Europe, Africa, Asia, Americas 2. Food - TCE. drastically changed way world eats - Farmers planting crops in places never grown before... potatoes, cane, - New foods, substantial nutrition, longer life 3. Animals - Animals arriving in the Americas from Europe CONSEQUENCES - Arrival of horses, donkeys, agricultural practices - Livestock– pigs, cattle, sheep, FOOD SOURCES 4. Disease - Smallpox, malaria, bubonic plague, measles, influenza, cholera... all diseases brought to the Americas by early European explorers and settlers - Indigenous peoples of the Americas– no experience with diseases; no immunity - Diseases led to the death of 80%-95% of Indg. Peoples - Few diseases moved from the Ames. to Europe– possible exception is syphilis - Historians disagree, believing syph. was a disease brought to Europe with C.C.’s men 5. The Transatlantic Slave Trade - Early 1500s– Europeans needed workers to grow crops in the Americas to sell in Europe - Indg. Peoples killed by diseases, wars, enslavement.... so Europeans looked to Africa instead for workers - Purchased/traded for enslaved Africans - First enslaved African people arrived at Hispaniola in 1502 - 1500s-1900s historians estimate over 12 mil. Africans transported as slaves - 1.5-2.5 mil. people died on journey by ship across Atlantic Summary Following C.C.’s “discovery” of the Americas, diseases and slave trade were suddenly widespread. Although new food sources and animals were brought to both Europe and America, so were diseases and war. Driving Question Ariane Topic Cues Summary Subject Notetaking Column Driving Question Ariane Topic Cues Summary Subject Notetaking Column