Visualizing the kinetic molecular theory answers

Applying and Innovating Date Name Topic 2.3 Visualizing the Kinetic Molecular Theory Use with textbook pages 131,135, and 138. 1. The key points of the kinetic molecular theory of matter are: Molecuts between the particles. b) There are a lot of empty space c) Particles are always in constant random a) All matter is made up of very small Movement d) Particles move because they have Kinetic energy, they move faster. As they gain energy 2. Windsurfers depend on the properties of the three states of matter to enjoy their water activity. They ride the waves of the water to perform jumps and spinning manoeuvres on their board. Their movement is powered by wind on the sail. In the diagram below, describe the particle spacing and movement in a solid, a liquid, and a gas. Indicate the relative amount of kinetic energy in each state of matter. Y high high medium X Particle spacing: 1 Y Particle movement: Kinetic energy: medium X © 201 7 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Particle spacing: SOLID (boaid. sai!) \ v"r-—** o medium Particle movement: V medium Kinetic energy: low X Topic 2.3-MHR 79 Communicating Date Name l epic 2.3 Properties of the States of Matter Use with textbook pages I3h, 135, and 138. 1. Complete the following table for solids, liquids, and gases. The table has been partially completed to help you with the descriptions. Solid Shape Volume Mass Arrangement of Particles Movement of Particles fixed fixed Liquid Gas Notfixed • fixed volume • not fixed • takes the shape of the container I notfixed defniteddefinited Particles are touching each other but unable to move Is very tight and can’t move • randomly arranged • particles are touching, but able to move past one another Can move around at a medium pace I • definite Randomly arranged. They’re touching and are very free to move I • can move freely and quickly in all directions in the container 2. The metal lid on a jar of jam is screwed on tight. Use what you know about the behaviour of particles to explain whether it would be a good idea to run some cold or hot water under the lid to help to remove it. Even if you heated the metal lid and the glass jar equally, you would loosen the lid a bit because the thermal expansion of the metal is greater than that of the glass. 3. Engineers recommend the use of structural steel columns and reinforced concrete slabs to build parking garages. The steel increases the strength of the concrete. These two materials are often used together because they have similar rates of thermal expansion. Use your knowledge of the kinetic molecular theory and thermal expansion to explain the importance of steel and concrete having almost the same expansion rates. It’s important otherwise if for example the steel expanded faster it would crack the concrete that is trying to expand. 80 MHR- Topic 2.3 © 201 7 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Name Evaluating Date Topic 2.3 Changes of State Use with textbook pages 139-1 <41. 1. Label the diagram shown below using the following terms: condensation, deposition, vaporization, melting, freezing, and sublimation. Place the terms in the correct locations on the numbered arrows. energy is added Sublimation melting mm SOLID (ice) 7i evaporation mm LIQUID (water) GAS (steam) deposition 6. IBS®*4® energy is removed \ 2. Complete the following table by indicating the initial and final states of matter and whether kinetic energy is added or removed. Give an example of each of the changes of state. Siata Change Melting State of Matter Kinetic Energy Initial State Final State Solid Liquid Added Example Removed Freezing Deposition Sublimation solid liquid X , Vaporization Condensation Gas Liquid it Water droplets form on a bathroom mirror after a hot shower. © 201 7 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Topic 2.3 • MHR 81 Processing and Analyzing Date Name Tooic "2,3 Changes of State of Silver Use with textbook pages 139-mi. The graph shows how temperature changes as energy is added to silver. Changes of State of Silver t gaseous silver 1. What do points I, II, III, and IV on the graph represent? Representing the changing states I a> £ ¦2 2. Use the kinetic molecular theory to explain how liquid silver becomes solid silver. Kinetic energy is removed by reducing the tempature solid silver 3. What change of state occurs at points I, II, III, and IV on the graph? I Liquid to solid solid to liquid gas to liquid liquid to gas 4. What must be added to solid silver to cause it to change to a liquid? Heat 5. What is happening to the particles during the process represented by I V on the graph? 6. If the temperature is increased, describe what happens to the kinetic energy of the particles in solid silver and the arrangement and movement of these particles. How is this change in motion detected? 7. Explain what the temperature from point W to point X on the graph represents. 8. Explain what the temperature from point Y to point Z on the graph represents. Y and z represents the boiling point. 9. Why is the temperature constant from point W to point X? What do you think is happening to the particles of silver as energy continues to be added to the silver? 82 MHR-Topic 2.3 © 2017 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Date Name 2.3 Assessment Match each description on the left with the state of matter on the right. Each state of matter may be used more than once. 8 x State of fviatier Dszcrr/roii x 1 . can diffuse the fastest 2 . particles can only vibrate — x dSIII 3 . has fixed shape and volume jM-? 4 . moves quickly in all different directions 5 . has shape and volume similar to plasma 6 . state of matter that is the end result of melting X 7 . particles are arranged in regular, repeating patterns 8 . particles slip and slide past each other in a container Circle the letter of the best answer for questions 9 to 23. 9. Which of the following analogies are appropriate to explain the different states of matter? I Solid—people standing side by side in a crowded elevator II Liquid—people dancing and moving around other people in a gym III Gas—two people at opposite corners of an empty football stadium or A. I and II only C. II and III only B. I and III only D. I, II, and III 10. Which state of matter is a gas-like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles that occur in the Sun and in lightning? A. gas C. or liquid B. solid D. plasma 11. Which of the following has a definite volume, but its shape is determined by its surrounding? A. coffee C. a helium balloon oB. an apple D. neon gas in an OPEN sign 84 MHR • 2.3 Assessment © 2017 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Name Assessment Date Topic 2.3 12. What does the kinetic molecular theory explain? O A. how particles behave when "their spacing and movement change" B. how to measure the kinetic energy of solids, liquids, and gases C. how to find the rate of diffusion of solids, liquids, and gases D. how to determine the change in temperature as a solid changes to a liquid and then to a gas 13. Which of the following are the key concepts of the kinetic molecular theory ? A. I and II only B. I and III only particles are in constant motion II matter is made up of very small particles ill heat and kinetic energy make the particles move C. II and III only o D. 1,11, and III 14. What happens to a substance when energy is removed from it? A. The particles increase in volume. B. The particles become less dense. C. The particles take up more space. o D. The particles move around at a slower rate. 15. Which of the following explains why running through air is easier than running through water? A. There are more empty spaces in air than water. X B. The particles are more compact in air than water. C. Air is denser than water and easier to manoeuvre around. D. There are no particles in air, while there are lots of particles in water. 16. Which of the following changes of state involve energy being released to the environment? O A. I and II only I deposition II vaporization III condensation B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III © 2017 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited 2.3 Assessment • MHR 85 Name Assessment Date Topic 23 17. Which of the following describe melting? A. I and II only O D. I, II, and III energy is added II the opposite of freezing in change of state from a solid to a liquid B. I and III only C. II and III only I X Use the diagram to answer questions 18 to 21. State 1 Process Z State II State I 18. Which of the following shows the three states of matter in order of increasing kinetic energy? Least amount of kinetic energy 2> Greatest amount of kinetic energy A State 1 State 11 State III B State II State 1 State III C State III State 1 State II oD State III State II State 1 19. What represents Process Y in the diagram? A. melting C. sublimation B. freezing D. vaporization x 20. Which of the following occurs during Process Z? O A. Kinetic energy is added. C. The volume becomes indefinite. B. Particles start to slow down. D. Particles spread farther apart. 21. Which of the following is an example of Process X? A. the hardening of cement O B. dew forming on grass in the morning N C. liquid hand sanitizer evaporating from your hand D. the heat from the flame melting the wax on a birthday candle 86 MHR • 2.3 Assessment © 2017 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Assessment Date Name Topic 23 22. Which of the following refers to the temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas? A. dew point C. melting point B. boiling point D. freezing point 23. When a metal expands due to a temperature increase, this is referred to as A. plasma C. a chemical change B. thermal expansion D. thermal contraction I comcactfad medium particals slow definite definite definite É face okay nitiiteasence fast moving Partisadesend Gas 25. Create a mind map for matter. You may use lines to connect any two terms together. Use the following terms in your mind map: boiling point kinetic moleculai theory particles ¦ ¦; states of matter ¦ plasma IviATTER diffusion solid L © 201 7 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited changes of state 2.3 Assessment • MHR 87