University:
Kentucky State University
Course:
CHE 101 | General Chemistry I
Academic year:

2022
Views:

333

Pages:

14
Author:

Prince Sampson

Reactions and reaction types Types of reactions 1. Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. Double displacement reactions 5. Combustion reactions You need to be able to identify each type. Types of reactions 1. Synthesis reactions: When two compunds react together and form a new chemical compound. This may occure by breaking bonds in the reactants to form new bonds in the product compound. They could be also called “Combination reactions” Example C + O2 → CO2 General Equation: A + B → AB Synthesis reactions examples Types of reactions Practice on Synthesis reactions Predict the products then balance the equations. Na(s) + Cl2(g) → Answer 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) → 2NaCl Mg(s) + F2(g) → Answer Mg(s) + F2(g) →MgF2 Al(s) + F2(g) → Answer 2Al(s) + 3F2(g) → 2AlF3 Types of reactions 2. Decomposition reactions: • The opposite of the synthesis reactions. Bonds of a compound are broken to produce two or more smaller compounds • General Equation: AB → A + B Types of reactions 3. Single Displacement reactions • A reaction in which one element is substituted for another element in a compound. General Equation: A + BC → AC + B Example: Zn + CuCl2 → ZnCl2 + Cu • This reaction is common when a metal with more activity in the electrochemical series is allowed to react with the salt solution of a metal which is less active in the electrochemical series. • The more active metal displaces the less active metal. Examples of Single displacement reactions Types of reactions Single displacement Reactions Questions: Write and balance the following equations: Zn(s) + HCl(aq) → Answer Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2 + H2(g) NaCl(s) + F2(g) → Answer 2 NaCl(s) + F2(g) → 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g) Al(s)+ Cu(NO3)2(aq) → Answer 2Al(s)+ 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) → 3Cu(s)+ 2Al(NO3)3(aq) Types of reactions 4. Double displacement reactions: • A type of chemical reaction in which two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. • General equation: AB + CD → AD + CB Examples of double displacement reactions Types of reactions Practice on double displacement reactions Complete the equations with balancing them HCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → Answer: HCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (s) ↓ + HNO3 (aq) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → Answer: Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → Pb Cl2 (S) ↓ + Ba(NO3)2 (aq) FeCl3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → Answer: FeCl3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → 3NaCl (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (S) ↓ Types of reactions 5. Combustion Reactions A combustion reaction is an exothermic chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen gas and accompanied by the generation of heat and light (flame). This is also called burning!!! The products of a combustion reaction depend on the combusted substance: When metals and nonmetals burn in the presence of oxygen, they will give off their corresponding oxides. On the other hand, hydrocarbons give off carbon dioxide and water upon combustion. • In order to burn something you need the 3 components of the “fire triangle”: 1) Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2) Oxygen 3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)