Chapter 9 Layout Strategy

CHAPTER9: LAYOUTSTRATEGY TRUEFALSE 1. McDonal d' s" Madef orYou"ki t chensy st em r epr esent sast r at egi cl ay outdeci si onev en t houghanobv i ousbenef i toft hesy st em i sadr amat i cr educt i oni nt hei nv ent or yoff ood pr epar edi nadv ance. Tr ue( Gl obal companypr of i l e, easy ) 2. Theobj ect i v eofl ay outst r at egyi st odev el opaneconomi cl ay outt hatwi l l meett hef i r m' s compet i t i v er equi r ement s. Tr ue( Thest r at egi ci mpor t anceofl ay outdeci si ons, easy ) 3. Thewor kcel l l ay out , aspeci al ar r angementofmachi ner yandequi pmentt of ocusont he pr oduct i onofasi ngl epr oductorgr oupofr el at edpr oduct s, i sf ormanuf act ur i ng appl i cat i onsandhasnor el ev ancet oser v i ces. Fal se( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 4. Thel ay outappr oacht hataddr essest r adeof f sbet weenspaceandmat er i al handl i ngi s cal l edt hef i xedposi t i onl ay out . Fal se( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 5. Ut i l i zat i onoft het ot al " cube"i st hedomi nantconsi der at i oni nof f i cel ay out . Fal se( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 6. Onegui del i nef orar et ai l l ay outi st ol ocat ehi ghdr awi t emsar oundt heper i pher yoft he st or e. Tr ue( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 7. Cat egor ymanagementi st heuseofcomput ersof t war et oev al uat et hepr of i t abi l i t yof mer chandi si ngpl ans. Tr ue( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 8. Ser v i cescaper ef er st ot hephy si cal sur r oundi ngi nwhi cht heser v i cei sdel i v er ed. Tr ue( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 9. Onegui del i nef ordet er mi ni ngt hear r angementandspaceal l ocat i onofar et ai l st or ei st o pl acehi ghi mpul seandhi ghmar gi ni t emssuchashousewar esandbeaut yai dsi n pr omi nentl ocat i ons. Tr ue( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 10. Cr ossdocki ngpr ocessesi t emsast heyar er ecei v ed, r at hert hanpl aci ngt hem i nst or age; t hi shel psexpl ai nwhy" war ehouses"ar enowcal l ed" di st r i but i oncent er s. " Tr ue( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 11. Thedomi nantpr obl em associ at edwi t ht hef i xedposi t i onl ay outi st hatwor ker sar ef i xed i nposi t i on, andcannotber eassi gned. Fal se( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , moder at e) CCX 12. Apr ocessor i ent edl ay outi st het r adi t i onal wayt osuppor tapr oductdi f f er ent i at i on st r at egy . Tr ue( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , easy ) 13. Jobl ot sar egr oupsorbat chesofpar t spr ocessedt oget her . Tr ue( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , easy ) 14. Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out st y pi cal l yhav el owl ev el sofwor ki npr ocessi nv ent or y . Fal se( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 15. CRAFTi ssof t war ef orbal anci ngassembl yl i nes. Fal se( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 16. Themostcommont act i ct oar r angedepar t ment si napr ocessor i ent edl ay outi st o mi ni mi zemat er i al handl i ngcost s. Tr ue( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 17. Thewor kcel l i mpr ov espr ocessl ay out sbyr educi ngf l oorspaceandbyr educi ngdi r ect l aborcost . Tr ue( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 18. Thebal anci ngofwor kcel l susest hesamepr ocedur esast hebal anci ngofanassembl y l i ne. Fal se( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 19. Af ocusedwor kcent eri swel l sui t edt ot hepr oduct i onofal ar gef ami l yofpr oduct s r equi r i ngsi mi l arpr ocessi ng, ev eni ft hei rdemandsar enotv er yst abl e. Fal se( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 20. Af abr i cat i onl i neandanassembl yl i near ebot ht y pesofr epet i t i v eandpr oduct f ocused l ay out , butonl yt hef abr i cat i onl i neut i l i zeswor kst at i ons. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 21. Thebi ggestadv ant ageofapr oductl ay outi si t sf l exi bi l i t yt ohandl eav ar i edpr oductmi x. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 22. Themi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsdependsupont hesetoft askt i mesandt he pr ecedencechar t , butnott henumberofuni t sschedul ed. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 23. Apr oductr equi r es24separ at et asks, andt hesum oft hoset askt i mesi s14mi nut es; i f t hecy cl et i mei s2mi nut es, t henatl east12wor kst at i onswi l l beneeded. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 24. I ft heschedul ecal l sf ort hepr oduct i onof120uni t sperdayand480mi nut esof pr oduct i ont i mear eav ai l abl eperday , t hecy cl et i meshoul dbe4mi nut es. Tr ue( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXI 25. Pr oduct or i ent edl ay out st endt ohav ehi ghl ev el sofwor ki npr ocessi nv ent or i es. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 26. Onedr awbackofapr oduct or i ent edl ay outi st hatwor kst oppageatanyonepoi ntt i esup t hewhol eoper at i on. Tr ue( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 27. Cy cl et i mei st hemaxi mum t i met hatt hepr oducti sal l owedateachwor kst at i on. Tr ue( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 28. Heur i st i csar epr obl emsol v i ngpr ocedur est hatmat hemat i cal l yopt i mi zet hesol ut i on. Fal se( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) MULTI PLECHOI CE 29. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotoneofMcDonal d' s" f i v emaj ori nnov at i ons" ? a.t heHappyMeal b.dr i v et hr oughwi ndows c. br eakf astmenus d.pl ayar eas e. aki t chensy st em t of aci l i t at emasscust omi zat i on a( Gl obal companypr of i l e, moder at e) 30. Thel ay outst r at egyt hatdeal swi t hl owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct i oni s a.f i x edposi t i onl ay out b.r et ai l l ay out c. war ehousel ay out d.of f i cel ay out e. noneoft heabov e e( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 31. " Aspeci al ar r angementofmachi ner yandequi pmentt of ocusonpr oduct i onofasi ngl e pr oductorgr oupofr el at edpr oduct s"descr i beswhatl ay outt y pe? a.f i x edposi t i onl ay out b.i nt er mi t t entpr oduct i on c. f ocusedf act or y d.wor kcel l e. war ehousel ay out d( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 32. Agoodl ay outr equi r esdet er mi ni ng a.mat er i al handl i ngr equi r ement s b.capaci t yandspacer equi r ement s c. env i r onmentandaest het i cs d.costofmov i ngbet weenv ar i ouswor kar eas e. al l oft heabov e e( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 33. Thef i xedposi t i onl ay outwoul dbemostappr opr i at ei nwhi choft hef ol l owi ngset t i ngs? CCXI I a.af ast f oodr est aur ant b.adoct or ' sof f i ce c. acasual di ni ngr est aur ant d.acr ui seshi passembl yf aci l i t y e. noneoft heabov e d( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , moder at e) 34. Forwhi choft hef ol l owi ngoper at i onswoul daf i xedposi t i onl ay outbemostappr opr i at e? a.assembl i ngaut omobi l es b.pr oduci ngTVset s c. const r uct i ngahi ghwayt unnel orbr i dge d.r ef i ni ngofcr udeoi l e. r unni ngani nsur anceagency c( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 35. Becauset hef i xedposi t i onl ay outpr obl em i ssodi f f i cul tt osol v eonsi t e, oper at i ons manager s a.v i r t ual l ynev erempl oyt hi sl ay outst r at egy b.ut i l i zet hi sappr oachonl yf orconst r uct i onpr oj ect ssuchasbr i dgesandof f i cet ower s c. i ncr easet hesi zeoft hesi t e d.of t encompl et easmuchoft hepr oj ectaspossi bl eof f si t e e. ut i l i zet hi sl ay outonl yf ordef ensecont r act or s d( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , moder at e) 36. Onef act ori mpact i ngt hef i xedposi t i onl ay outst r at egyi s a.mi ni mi zi ngdi f f i cul t i escausedbymat er i al f l owv ar y i ngwi t heachpr oduct b.r equi r i ngf r equentcont actcl oset ooneanot her c. t hepr ov i si onofl owcostst or agewi t hl owcostmat er i al handl i ng d.t hemov ementofmat er i al t ot hel i mi t edst or agear easar oundt hesi t e e. bal anci ngpr oductf l owf r om onewor kst at i ont ot henext d( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , moder at e) 37. Thet y peofl ay outwhi chf eat ur esdepar t ment sorot herf unct i onal gr oupi ngsi nwhi ch si mi l aract i v i t i esar eper f or medi s a.pr ocessor i ent ed b.pr oduct or i ent ed c. f i xedposi t i on d.masspr oduct i on e. uni tpr oduct i on a( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 38. Oneoft hemaj oradv ant agesofpr ocessor i ent edl ay out si s a.hi ghequi pmentut i l i zat i on b.l ar gewor ki npr ocessi nv ent or i es c. f l exi bi l i t yi nequi pmentandl aborassi gnment d.smoot handcont i nuousf l owofwor k e. noneoft heabov e c( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXI I I 39. Themai ni ssuei ndesi gni ngpr ocessl ay out sconcer nst her el at i v eposi t i oni ngof a.saf et ydev i ces b.depar t ment s c. r awmat er i al s d.ent r ances, l oadi ngdocks, et c. e. manuf act ur i ngcel l s b( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 40. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotani nf or mat i onr equi r ementf orsol v i ngal oaddi st ance pr obl em? a.al i stofdepar t ment sorwor kcent er s b.apr oj ect i onofwor kf l owsbet weent hewor kcent er s c. t hedi st ancebet weenl ocat i ons d.al i stofpr oductcy cl et i mes e. t hecostperuni tofdi st ancet omov el oads d( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 41. Themaj orpr obl em addr essedbyt hepr ocessor i ent edl ay outst r at egyi s a.t hemov ementofmat er i al t ot hel i mi t edst or agear easar oundt hesi t e b.r equi r i ngf r equentcont actcl oset ooneanot her c. t hepr ov i si onofl owcostst or agewi t hl owcostmat er i al handl i ng d.mi ni mi zi ngdi f f i cul t i escausedbymat er i al f l owv ar y i ngwi t heachpr oduct e. bal anci ngpr oductf l owf r om onewor kst at i ont ot henext d( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 42. Themostcommont act i cf ol l owedi npr ocessl ay outpl anni ngi st oar r angedepar t ment s orwor kcent er ssot hey a.mi ni mi zet hecostofski l l edl abor b.maxi mi zet hemachi neut i l i zat i on c. al l ocat et heav ai l abl espaceequal l yt oal l t hedepar t ment s d.mi ni mi zet hecost sofmat er i al handl i ng e. noneoft heabov e d( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 43. Apr ocessor i ent edl ay outwoul dbemostappr opr i at ei nwhi choft hef ol l owi ngset t i ngs? a.acommer ci al ai r cr af tassembl yar ea b.af ast f oodr est aur ant c. anaut omobi l ef act or y d.agour metr est aur ant e. ast eel mi l l d( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 44. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uef orpr ocessl ay out s, butf al sef orpr oduct or i ent edl ay out s? a.l owi npr ocessi nv ent or i es b.f l exi bi l i t yi nequi pmentandl aborassi gnment s c. l owv ar i et yofpr oduct s d.hi ghv ol umeofout put e. of t ensol v edbyassembl yl i nebal anci ng b( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXI V 45. Abi gadv ant ageofapr ocessor i ent edl ay outi s a.i t sf l exi bi l i t y b.i t sl owcost c. t hesi mpl i f i edschedul i ngpr obl em pr esent edbyt hi sl ay outst r at egy d.t heabi l i t yt oempl oyl owski l l edl abor e. i t shi ghequi pmentut i l i zat i on a( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 46. Onedi sadv ant ageofpr ocessor i ent edl ay out sar i sesf r om a.t heuseofspeci al pur poseequi pment b.machi nemai nt enance, whi cht endst oser i ousl ydegr adet hecapaci t yoft heent i r e sy st em c. t heuseofspeci al i zedmat er i al handl i ngequi pment d.t heneedf orst abl edemand e. t heuseoft hegener al pur posemachi nesandequi pment e( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 47. Thet y pi cal goal usedwhendev el opi ngapr ocessor i ent edl ay outst r at egyi st o a.mi ni mi zet hedi st ancebet weenadj acentdepar t ment s b.mi ni mi zet hemat er i al handl i ngcost s c. maxi mi zet henumberofdi f f er entt askswhi chcanbeper f or medbyani ndi v i dual machi ne d.mi ni mi zet hel ev el ofoper at orski l l necessar y e. maxi mi zej obspeci al i zat i on b( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 48. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ueofaf ocusedf act or y ? a.I tmaybef ocusedi nway sot hert hanbypr oductorl ay out . b.I tmaybef ocusedonl ybypr ocessi ngr equi r ement s. c. I ti smuchl i keapr oductf aci l i t ywi t hi nanot her wi sepr ocessf aci l i t y . d.Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. a( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 49. I nt heOf f i ceRel at i onshi pChar t , whi chr at i ngr ef l ect st hehi ghesti mpor t ancef ort wo depar t ment s' cl osenesst oeachot her ? a.A b.E c. I d.O e. X a( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 50. Whi choft hest at ement sbel owbestdescr i besof f i cel ay out ? a.gr oupswor ker s, t hei requi pment , andspaces/ of f i cest opr ov i def ormov ementof i nf or mat i on b.addr essest hel ay outr equi r ement sofl ar ge, bul kypr oj ect ssuchasshi psandbui l di ngs c. seekst hebestper sonnel andmachi neut i l i zat i oni nr epet i t i v eorcont i nuous CCXV pr oduct i on d.al l ocat esshel fspaceandr espondst ocust omerbehav i or e. deal swi t hl owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct i on a( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 51. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngconst i t ut esamaj ort r endi nf l uenci ngof f i cel ay out s? a.downsi zi ng b.gl obal i zat i on c. env i r onment al i ssues d.v i r t ual compani es e. heal t hi ssues d( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 52. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngdoesnotsuppor tt her et ai l l ay outobj ect i v eofmaxi mi zi ng cust omerexposur et opr oduct s? a.l ocat ehi ghdr awi t emsar oundt heper i pher yoft hest or e b.usepr omi nentl ocat i onsf orhi ghi mpul seandhi ghmar gi ni t ems c. maxi mi zeexposur et oexpensi v ei t ems d.useendai sl el ocat i ons e. conv eyt hest or e' smi ssi onwi t ht hecar ef ul posi t i oni ngoft hel eadof fdepar t ment c( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 53. Ambi entcondi t i ons, spat i al l ay outandf unct i onal i t y , andsi gns, sy mbol s, andar t i f act sar e al l a.i ndi cat or sofi mbal anceonanassembl yl i ne b.i ndi cat or st hatcr ossdocki nghasbeensuccessf ul c. el ement sofcust omi zat i oni nawar ehousel ay out d.el ement sofser v i cescapes e. el ement sofsuccessf ul of f i cel ay out s d( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 54. Bal anci ngl owcostst or agewi t hl owcostmat er i al handl i ngi si mpor t anti na( n) a.f i x edposi t i onl ay out b.pr ocessor i ent edl ay out c. of f i cel ay out d.r epet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out e. war ehousel ay out e( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 55. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi sst r ongl yassoci at edwi t h" cr ossdocki ng" ? a.nonv al ueaddi ngact i v i t i essuchasr ecei v i ngandst or i ng b.mul t i modal t r anspor t at i onf aci l i t i esatseapor t s c. pr ocessi ngi t emsassoonast heyar er ecei v edi nt oadi st r i but i oncent er d.useofmanual pr oducti dent i f i cat i onsy st ems e. al l oft heabov e c( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 56. Themaj orpr obl em addr essedbyt hewar ehousel ay outst r at egyi s a.t hemov ementofmat er i al t ot hel i mi t edst or agear easar oundt hesi t e CCXVI b.mi ni mi zi ngdi f f i cul t i escausedbymat er i al f l owv ar y i ngwi t heachpr oduct c. r equi r i ngf r equentcont actcl oset ooneanot her d.addr essi ngt r adeof f sbet weenspaceandmat er i al handl i ng e. bal anci ngpr oductf l owf r om onewor kst at i ont ot henext d( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 57. Theconceptofcust omi zi ngi nawar ehousel ay out a.i spossi bl e, butcausesser i ousl ossofov er si ghtoft hequal i t yf unct i on b.cannotbeconsi der edser i ousl yi nt oday ' shi ghef f i ci encyf act or i es c. i st heor et i cal l ysound, butsev er al y ear sawayi npr act i ce d.i sanewt r endi nv al ueaddedact i v i t i esi nwar ehouses e. noneoft heabov e d( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 58. Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngi snotcommont or epet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out s? a.ahi ghr at eofout put b.speci al i zat i onofl abor c. abi l i t yt oadj ustt ochangesi ndemand d.l owuni tcost s e. Al l ar ecommont opr oduct or i ent edl ay out s. c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 59. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotanadv ant ageofwor kcel l s? a.r educeddi r ectl aborcost b.decr easeduseofequi pmentandmachi ner y c. hei ght enedsenseofempl oy eepar t i ci pat i on d.r educedr awmat er i al andf i ni shedgoodsi nv ent or y e. r educedi nv est menti nmachi ner yandequi pment b( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 60. Bal anci ngawor kcel l i sdone a.bef or et hewor kcel l equi pmenti ssequenced b.aspar toft hepr ocessofbui l di nganef f i ci entwor kcel l c. bef or et aktt i mei scal cul at ed d.sot hateachassembl yl i newor kst at i onhasexact l yt hesameamountofwor k e. t omi ni mi zet het ot al mov ementi napr ocessl ay out b( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 61. Taktt i mei s a.t het ot al wor kt i meav ai l abl edi v i dedbyuni t sr equi r edbyt heconsumer b.t heuni t sr equi r eddi v i dedbywor ker sr equi r ed c. af i ct i onal t i mei ncr ementsi mi l art oat her bl i g d.t hesamet hi ngascy cl et i mei napr ocessl ay out e. ani mpor t antconsi der at i oni nbal anci nganassembl yl i ne a( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 62. Apr ocessl ay outpr obl em consi st sof4depar t ment s, eachofwhi chcanbeassi gnedt o oneoff ourr ooms.Thenumberofdi f f er entsol ut i onst ot hi spr obl em i s_ _ _ _ _ , al t hough notal l oft hem mayhav edi f f er entmat er i al handl i ngcost s. CCXVI I a.1 b.4 c. 16 d.24 e. unknown d( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 63. Sol v i ngal oaddi st ancepr obl em f orapr ocessor i ent edl ay outr equi r est hat a.t hedi f f i cul t yofmov ementbet hesamef oral l possi bl epat hs b.pi ckupandset downcost sv ar yf r om depar t mentt odepar t ment c. t hecostt omov eal oadbet hesamef oral l possi bl epat hs d.t aktt i mebel esst han1 e. CRAFTsof t war eexami neal l possi bl edepar t mentconf i gur at i ons a( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 64. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngl ay out sgener al l yhast hebestmachi neut i l i zat i on? a.f i x edposi t i onl ay out b.r epet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out c. pr ocessor i ent edl ay out d.of f i cel ay out e. war ehousel ay out b( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 65. Apr oduct or i ent edl ay outwoul dbemostappr opr i at ei nwhi choft hef ol l owi ngcases? a.const r uct i ngaBoei ng787ai r cr af t b.adoct or ' sof f i ce c. agour metr est aur ant d.af ast f oodr est aur ant e. agr ocer yst or e d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 66. Theassumpt i onofst abi l i t yofdemandi si mpor t antf orj ust i f y i ngwhi choft hef ol l owi ng l ay outt y pes? a.f i x edposi t i onl ay out b.pr oduct or i ent edl ay out c. pr ocessor i ent edl ay out d.al l oft heabov e e. noneoft heabov e b( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 67. Whi chl ay outt y peassumesanadequat ev ol umef orhi ghequi pmentut i l i zat i on? a.pr oduct or i ent edl ay out b.pr ocessor i ent edl ay out c. f i xedposi t i onl ay out d.r et ai l l ay out e. war ehousel ay out a( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 68. Apr oduct or i ent edl ay outwoul dbemostappr opr i at ef orwhi choneoft hef ol l owi ng busi nesses? CCXVI I I a.f astf ood b.st eel maki ng c. i nsur ancesal es d.cl ot hi ngal t er at i ons e. agr ocer yst or e b( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 69. Theassumpt i onsnecessar yf orasuccessf ul pr oductl ay outi ncl udeal l oft hef ol l owi ng except a.adequat ev ol umef orhi ghequi pmentut i l i zat i on b.st andar di zedpr oduct c. v ol at i l epr oductdemand d.Al l oft heabov ear eappr opr i at eassumpt i ons. e. Noneoft heabov ei sanappr opr i at eassumpt i on. c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 70. Whi choft hesel ay out si smostsui t abl ef orpr ocessi ngsugarf r om sugarbeet sorsugar cane? a.pr ocessor i ent edl ay out b.f i x edposi t i onl ay out c. f ocusedf act or y d.pr oduct or i ent edl ay out e. wor kcel l l ay out d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 71. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngf abr i cat i onl i nes? a.Theyar et hesamet hi ngasassembl yl i nes. b.Theyar et hesamet hi ngasf ocusedf act or i es. c. Theyar easpeci al t y peofpr ocessor i ent edl ay out . d.Bal anci ngt hei rassembl yl i nei smor et echnol ogi cal t hanwor keror i ent ed. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 72. Thecent r al pr obl em i npr oduct or i ent edl ay outpl anni ngi s a.mi ni mi zi ngmat er i al handl i ngwi t hi nwor kst at i ons b.mi ni mi zi ngl abormov ementbet weenwor kst at i ons c. equal i zi ngt hespaceal l ocat edt ot hedi f f er entwor kst at i ons d.maxi mi zi ngequi pmentut i l i zat i on e. mi ni mi zi ngt hei mbal ancei nt hewor kl oadsamongwor kst at i ons e( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 73. Adi sadv ant ageofpr oduct or i ent edl ay outi st hat a.t her ei sal ackoff l exi bi l i t yi nhandl i ngav ar i et yofpr oduct sorpr oduct i onr at es b.hi ghv ol umei sr equi r edbecauseoft hel ar gei nv est mentneededt osetupt hepr ocess c. wor kst oppageatanyonepoi ntt i esupt hewhol eoper at i on d.Al l oft heabov ear edi sadv ant agesofpr oduct or i ent edl ay out s. e. Noneoft heabov ei sadi sadv ant ageofpr oduct or i ent edl ay out s. d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXI X 74. Themai nadv ant ageofapr oduct or i ent edl ay outi st y pi cal l y a.l owr awmat er i al cost b.empl oy abi l i t yofhi ghl yski l l edl abor c. hi ghf l exi bi l i t y d.l owcapi t al cost e. l owv ar i abl ecostperuni t e( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 75. I napr oduct or i ent edl ay out , t hepr ocessofdeci di nghowt oassi gnt askst owor kst at i ons i sr ef er r edt oas a.st at i onbal anci ng b.pr ocessbal anci ng c. t askal l ocat i on d.l i nebal anci ng e. wor kal l ocat i on d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 76. I nassembl yl i nebal anci ng, t hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsi s a.t her at i ooft hesum ofal l t askt i mest ocy cl et i me b.al way sr oundedupwar dt ot henextl ar geri nt egerv al ue c. t her at i oofdemandmul t i pl i edbyt hesum oft askt i mest opr oduct i ont i meperday d.al l oft heabov e e. noneoft heabov e d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 77. I nassembl yl i nebal anci ng, cy cl et i me( t her at i oofav ai l abl epr oduct i ont i met oschedul ed pr oduct i on)i st he a.mi ni mum t i met hatapr oducti sal l owedateachwor kst at i on b.maxi mum t i met hatapr oducti sal l owedateachwor kst at i on c. opt i mum t i met hatapr oducti sal l owedateachwor kst at i on d.desi r edcy cl et i met hatapr oducti sal l owedateachwor kst at i on e. al l oft heabov e b( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 78. Apr oduct i onl i nei st obedesi gnedt omake500El Mor edol l sperday .Eachdol l r equi r es 11act i v i t i est ot al i ng16mi nut esofwor k.Thef act or yoper at es750mi nut esperday .The cy cl et i mef ort hi sassembl yl i nei s a.onehal fmi nut e b.oneandonehal fmi nut es c. t womi nut es d.5, 500mi nut es e. cannotbedet er mi nedf r om t hei nf or mat i ongi v en b( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 79. Apr oduct i onl i nei st obedesi gnedf oraj obwi t hf ourt asks.Thet askt i mesar e2. 4 mi nut es, 1. 4mi nut es, 0. 9mi nut es, and1. 7mi nut es.Themaxi mum cy cl et i mei s_ _ _ _ _ _ andt hemi ni mum cy cl et i mei s_ _ _ _ _ _mi nut es. a.1. 8; 1. 4 b.1. 6; 0. 9 CCXX c. 6. 4; 2. 4 d.2. 4; 0. 9 e. noneoft hese c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 80. Cy cl et i mei scomput edas a.desi r edout putdi v i dedbyt hedai l yoper at i ngt i me b.dai l yoper at i ngt i medi v i dedbyt hepr oductofdesi r edout putandt hesum ofj obt i mes c. t hepr oductofdesi r edout putandt hesum ofj obt i mesdi v i dedbydai l yoper at i ngt i me d.dai l yoper at i ngt i medi v i dedbyt heschedul edout put e. 1. 00mi nusst at i ont i me d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 81. Dai l ycapaci t yofapr oductl ay outi sdet er mi nedby a.oper at i ngt i medi v i dedbycy cl et i me b.cy cl et i medi v i dedbyoper at i ngt i me c. oper at i ngt i medi v i dedbyt ot al t askt i me d.t ot al t askt i medi v i dedbycy cl et i me e. cy cl et i medi v i dedbyt ot al t askt i me a( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 82. Fourhundr edandei ght ymi nut esofpr oduct i ont i mear eav ai l abl eperday .Schedul ed pr oduct i oni s120uni t sperday .Whati st hecy cl et i me? a.4mi nut es b.5mi nut es c. 6mi nut es d.7mi nut es e. 8mi nut es a( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 83. Apr oduct i onl i nei st obedesi gnedf orapr oductwhosecompl et i onr equi r es21mi nut es ofwor k.Thef act or ywor ks400mi nut esperday .Cananassembl yl i newi t hf i v e wor kst at i onsmake100uni t sperday ? a.y es, wi t hexact l y100mi nut est ospar e b.no, butf ourwor kst at i onswoul dbesuf f i ci ent c. no, i twi l l f al l shor tev enwi t haper f ect l ybal ancedl i ne d.y es, butt hel i ne' sef f i ci encyi sv er yl ow e. cannotbedet er mi nedf r om t hei nf or mat i ongi v en c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 84. Fourhundr edandei ght ymi nut esofpr oduct i ont i mear eav ai l abl eperday .Theschedul e cal l sf ort hepr oduct i onof80uni t sperday .Eachuni toft hepr oductr equi r es30mi nut es ofwor k.Whati st het heor et i cal mi ni mum numberofwor kst at i ons? a.2 b.3 c. 4 d.5 e. 6 d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXI 85. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotaheur i st i cr ul ef orassi gni ngt askst owor kst at i onsi na pr oductl ay out ? a.l ongestt asksf i r st b.i nor derofmostnumberoff ol l owi ngt asks c. medi ant asksf i r st d.i nor derofmostnumberofpr ecedi ngt asks e. i naccor dancewi t hposi t i onal wei ght c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 86. I fal ay outpr obl em i ssol v edbyuseof" heur i st i cs, "t hi smeanst hat a.t her ewasnoot herwayt osol v et hepr obl em b.nocomput ersof t war ewasav ai l abl e c. t hepr obl em hasonl yaf ewal t er nat i v est oev al uat e d.noopt i mum sol ut i onexi st s e. a" sat i sf act or y "sol ut i oni saccept abl e e( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 87. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi sacommonheur i st i cf orassembl yl i nebal anci ng? a.debi t sneart hewi ndows, cr edi t sneart hedoor b.manuf act ur er sl ocat enearmat er i al s, r et ai l er sl ocat enearcust omer s c. ear l i estduedat ef i r st d.r ankedposi t i onal wei ght e. noneoft heabov e d( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 88. Anassembl yl i neconsi st sof21t asksgr oupedi nt o5wor kst at i ons.Thesum oft he21 t askt i mesi s85mi nut es.Cy cl et i mef ort hel i nei s20mi nut es.Theef f i ci encyoft hi sl i nei s a.4. 2per cent b.17per cent c. 85per cent d.100per cent e. noneoft heabov e c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 89. Anassembl yl i neconsi st sof158t asksgr oupedi nt o32wor kst at i ons.Thesum ofal l t ask t i mesi s105mi nut es.Cy cl et i mef ort hel i nei s4mi nut es.Theef f i ci encyoft hi sl i nei s appr oxi mat el y a.8per cent b.21per cent c. 82per cent d.100per cent e. noneoft heabov e c( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) FI LLI NTHEBLANK 90. McDonal d' s" Madef orYou"ki t chensy st em r epr esent sa_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _useofl ay out deci si ons. CCXXI I st r at egi c( Gl obal companypr of i l e, easy ) 91. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l ay out sdeal wi t hl owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct i onwi t hl i kemachi nesand equi pmentgr oupedt oget her . Pr ocessor i ent ed( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , easy ) 92. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i saspeci al pr oduct or i ent edar r angementofmachi nesandper sonnel i n whati sor di nar i l yapr ocessor i ent edf aci l i t y . wor kcel l ( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 93. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _gr oupswor ker s, t hei requi pment , andspaces/ of f i cest opr ov i def or comf or t , saf et y , andmov ementofi nf or mat i on. of f i cel ay out( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 94. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sanonnumer i cmet hodf ordet er mi ni ngwhi chdepar t ment sar el ocat ed nearoneanot her , andwhi chdepar t ment sar ekeptf ur t herapar t . of f i cer el at i onshi pchar torr el at i onshi pchar t( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 95. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _addr essesf l ow, al l ocat esspace, andr espondst ocust omerbehav i or . r et ai l l ay out( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 96. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ar ef eesmanuf act ur er spayt ogett hei rpr oduct sdi spl ay ed. Sl ot t i ngf ees( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 97. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _r ef er st ot hephy si cal sur r oundi ngsi nwhi chaser v i cet akespl ace, andhow t heyaf f ectcust omer sandempl oy ees. Ser v i cescape( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 98. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _av oi dspl aci ngmat er i al sorsuppl i esi nst or agebypr ocessi ngt hem ast hey ar er ecei v edf orshi pment . Cr ossdocki ng( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 99. Thepr oj ectr emai nsi nonepl aceandwor ker sandequi pmentcomet ot hatonewor kar ea i na_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l ay out . f i xedposi t i on( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 100._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st heuseofcomput ersof t war et oev al uat et hepr of i t abi l i t yof mer chandi si ngpl ansi nar et ai l l ay out . Cat egor ymanagement( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 101._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st hatel ementofbal anci ngawor kcel l t hatsuper f i ci al l yr esembl escy cl et i me. Taktt i me( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 102.A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _l i nei samachi nepacedpr oduct or i ent edf aci l i t yf orbui l di ngcomponent s. f abr i cat i on( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 103._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st hemaxi mum t i met hatt hepr oducti sav ai l abl eateachwor kst at i on. Cy cl et i me( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXI I I SHORTANSWERS 104.Li stMcDonal d' s" f i v emaj ori nnov at i ons. "Whi choft heser epr esentl ay outdeci si ons? Descr i bet hesei nasent enceort woeach. Thef i v emaj ori nnov at i onsar ei ndoorseat i ng, dr i v et hr oughwi ndows, br eakf astmenus, pl ayar eas, andt he" Madef orYou"ki t chensy st em.Thedr i v et hr oughandt heki t chen sy st em wer el ay outdeci si ons.Thedr i v et hr oughwasast r at egi ci nnov at i ont hatr equi r ed ext er nal changesi npar ki ngl ot sandaccessl anes, andr equi r edi nt er nal changesi n wor kst at i ons.Thenewki t chensy st em i samasscust omi zat i onpr ocesst hati mpr ov es f oodqual i t ywhi l er educi ngt hei nv ent or yoff oodpr epar edi nadv ance.( Gl obal company pr of i l e, moder at e) 105.I nwhatspeci f i car easdoest hel ay outdeci si onest abl i shaf i r m' scompet i t i v epr i or i t i es? Lay outdeci si onsest abl i shaf i r m’ scompet i t i v epr i or i t i esi nt hef ol l owi ngar eas: pr ocesses, f l exi bi l i t y , cost , capaci t y , andqual i t yofwor kl i f e.( Thest r at egi ci mpor t anceofl ay out deci si ons, moder at e) 106.Todev el opagoodf aci l i t yl ay out , whatmustbedet er mi ned? Youneedt oconsi dert hef ol l owi ngt odet er mi neagoodl ay out : sel ect i onofmat er i al handl i ngequi pment , capaci t yandspacer equi r ement s, env i r onmentandaest het i cs, f l ows ofi nf or mat i on, andcostofmov i ngbet weenv ar i ouswor kar eas.( Ty pesofl ay out s, moder at e) 107.Li stt hesev enf undament al l ay outst r at egi es.Descr i bet heuseofeachonev er ybr i ef l y . 1.Of f i cel ay out : wor ker s, equi pment , andof f i cesposi t i onedt of aci l i t at ei nf or mat i onf l ows 2.Ret ai l l ay out : al l ocat esshel fspaceandr espondst ocust omerbehav i or 3.War ehousel ay out : addr essest r adeof f sbet weenspaceandmat er i al handl i ng 4.Fi xedposi t i onl ay out : f orl ar gebul kypr oduct ssuchasshi psandbui l di ngs 5.Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out : f orl owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct i on 6.Wor kcel l l ay out : aspeci al i zedar r angementofmachi ner yandequi pmentt of ocuson t hepr oduct i onofasi ngl epr oductoragr oupofr el at edpr oduct s 7.Pr oduct or i ent edl ay out : r epet i t i v eorcont i nuouspr oduct i on; assembl yl i ne ( Ty pesofl ay out , moder at e) 108.Whatt echni quescanbeusedt oov er comet hei nher entpr obl emsoff i xedposi t i onl ay out s? Someact i onst hatcanbet akent oov er comet hepr obl emsofaf i xedposi t i onl ay outar e t odev el opgoodschedul es,accur at el ydef i ner equi r ement s,andt akear at i onalappr oach t ot hel ay out , asopposedt opol i t i ci zi ngt hedeci si on.( Fi xedposi t i onl ay out , moder at e) 109." Hav i ngaf ocusedwor kcent eri sl i kehav i ngaf act or ywi t hi naf act or y . "Di scuss.I ncl udei n y ourdi scussi onwhatcondi t i onsmakef ocusedwor kcent er sappr opr i at e. Af ocusedwor kcent eri saper manentpr oduct or i ent edsetofequi pmentwi t hi napr ocessor i ent edf aci l i t y .I tr equi r esgr oupt echnol ogyorequi v al ent , ahi ghl ev el ofst af ft r ai ni ng andf l exi bi l i t y , andgoodsuppor tori magi nat i ont ogetst ar t ed.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 110.Whydowor kcel l si ncr easet heuseofequi pmentandmachi ner y ? Wor kcel l si ncr easet heuseofequi pmentandmachi ner ybecauseofbet t erschedul i ng andf ast ermat er i al f l ow.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXI V 111.Whatar et headv ant agesoff ocusedf act or i es? Focusedf act or i esar ebet t erabl et ost ayi nt unewi t ht hei rcust omer s, pr oducequal i t y pr oduct s, andoper at eathi ghermar gi ns.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 112.Expl ai nhowal oaddi st ancemodel hel pssol v epr obl emsi npr ocessl ay out . Thepr obl em i npr ocessl ay outi st ohol ddownmat er i al mov ementandmat er i al handl i ng. Thel oaddi st ancemodel cal cul at est hesemov ement sf r om depar t mentt odepar t ment , andcanf i ndt hatsetofdepar t ment al spaceassi gnment st hatmi ni mi zet heaggr egat e mat er i al handl i ngcost .Thi si sanopt i mal l ay outf orapr ocessl ay out , gi v ent hepat t er nof l oadsanddi st ances.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 113.Li stt hef ourr equi r ement sf orcel l ul arpr oduct i on. ( 1)i dent i f i cat i onoff ami l i esofpr oduct s, t hr oughgr oupt echnol ogycodesort hei r equi v al ent ; ( 2)ahi ghl ev el oft r ai ni ngandf l exi bi l i t yont hepar tofempl oy ees; ( 3)st af f suppor torf l exi bl e, i magi nat i v eempl oy eest oest abl i sht hewor kcel l i ni t i al l y ; and( 4)at est , suchaspokay oke, ateachst at i oni nt hecel l .( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 114.Af aci l i t i esmanageratacompanyheadquar t er soncesai d, " I ' dl i ket ouseMut her ' sof f i ce r el at i onshi pchar tort hel oaddi st ancemodel t osol v eourl ay outpr obl ems, butnei t hert ool canopt i mi ze.Iwantt hebestl ay outpossi bl e. "Di scuss. Themanagershoul dnotbesoqui ckt or ej ectmodel st hatf i ndsat i sf act or y , butnot necessar i l yopt i mal , sol ut i ons.Thel oaddi st ancemodel canopt i mi zer el at i v el ysmal l pr obl ems, butl ar gepr obl emsar ebey ondt heexpl i ci tenumer at i onr equi r edf or opt i mi zat i on.That ' swhyCRAFTandot hersof t war eseek" accept abl e"sol ut i ons.The of f i cer el at i onshi pdi agr am i snotanopt i mi zi ngt ool atal l , asi tusesl abel s, notnumber s, t oi ndi cat edesi r abi l i t yofcl oseness.( Of f i cel ay out , moder at e) 115.Whatdesi gngui del i neshel pr et ai l l ay out st omaxi mi zecust omerexposur et opr oduct s? Desi gngui del i nest hathel pr et ai l l ay out smaxi mi zecust omerexposur et opr oduct s i ncl ude: 1.l ocat i ngt hehi ghdr awi t emsar oundt heper i pher yoft hest or e 2.usi ngpr omi nentl ocat i onsf orhi ghi mpul seandhi ghmar gi ni t ems 3.di st r i but i ngwhatar eknowni nt het r adeas" poweri t ems"t obot hsi desofanai sl e, and di sper si ngt hem t oi ncr easet hev i ewi ngofot heri t ems 4.usi ngendai sl el ocat i onsbecauset heyhav eav er yhi ghexposur er at e 5.conv ey i ngt hei mageoft hest or ebycar ef ul sel ect i oni nt heposi t i oni ngoft hel eadof f depar t ment( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 116.Consi dert hef i v ei deasf ordet er mi ni ngt heov er al l ar r angementofmostr et ai l st or es.How ar et hesei deasi mpl ement ed( a)i nasuper mar ket , and( b)i naf i nedepar t mentst or e? ( Pl easeconsi dert heent i r est or enotj ustt hear easwher emer chandi sei sdi spl ay ed. ) ( Suggest edr esponse)Thef i v ei deasar e: 1.l ocat i ngt hehi ghdr awi t emsar oundt he per i pher yoft hest or e, 2.usi ngpr omi nentl ocat i onsf orhi ghi mpul seandhi ghmar gi n i t ems, 3.di st r i but i ngwhatar eknowni nt het r adeas" poweri t ems"t obot hsi desofan ai sl e, anddi sper si ngt hem t oi ncr easet hev i ewi ngofot heri t ems, 4.usi ngendai sl e l ocat i onsbecauset heyhav eav er yhi ghexposur er at e, 5.conv ey i ngt hei mageoft hest or e bycar ef ul sel ect i oni nt heposi t i oni ngoft hel eadof fdepar t ment .Super mar ket smake mor euseofai sl es, wher ei deas3and4ar ef eat ur ed.Depar t mentst or esar emeander i ng, sot her e' sl essuseofendcaps.Bot ht y pesofr et ai l seem t of ol l owi deas1and5.I dea2 CCXXV seemst obei mpl ement edwi t hi mpul sei t emsneart hecheckout sf orbot hr et ai l t y pes.The super mar ket ' sst r ai ghtl i nesconv eyi t sst r at egyofl owcost ; t hedepar t mentst or e' sdi spl ay ar easconv eyi t sf ocusoni mage, br owsi ng, et c.( Ret ai l l ay out , di f f i cul t ) 117.Br i ef l yexpl ai nwhat" sl ot t i ng"i s.Whyi ssl ot t i ngconsi der eda" cont r ov er si al "pr act i ce? Whatet hi cal i ssuesmi ghtar i sewi t hr egar dt osl ot t i ng? Sl ot t i ngi st hepr act i ceofmanuf act ur er spay i ngf orr et ai l shel fspace.I ti scont r ov er si al becausesomemanager sappr ov eoft hepr act i ce, butot her sdonot .Et hi cal i ssues i nv ol v edwi t hsl ot t i ngar e( 1)suchpay ment smi ghtbeconsi der edbr i ber y , ( 2)such pay ment scostconsumer smor e, and( 3)suchpay ment smayi nt er f er ewi t hef f i ci entand pr of i t abl euseofr et ai l space.( Ret ai l l ay out , di f f i cul t ) 118.Whati saser v i cescape?Howi si tr el at edt ot her et ai l l ay outpr obl em?Whatar et het hr ee el ement sofser v i cescapef ordeal i ngwi t ht hesehumani ssues? Ser v i cescapedescr i best hephy si cal sur r oundi ngsi nwhi chaser v i cet akespl ace.Rat her t handesi gnar et ai l spacest r i ct l yf orpr of i t abi l i t y , manager smustconsi derhowt he sur r oundi ngs—t hel ay out —hav eahumani st i cef f ectoncust omer sandempl oy ees.The t hr eeel ement sar eambi entcondi t i ons, spat i al l ay out / f unct i onal i t y , andsi gns, sy mbol s, andar t i f act s.( Ret ai l l ay out , moder at e) 119.Whati scr ossdocki ng?Whyi si tappr opr i at ef orsomef or msofwar ehousel ay out ? Cr ossdocki ngav oi dspl aci ngmat er i al sorsuppl i esi nst or agebypr ocessi ngt hem ast hey ar er ecei v edf orshi pment .I tav oi dsst or i ngt hepr oduct , sav esspaceandr ecei v i ngt i me, andspeedsupshi pmentt ot heul t i mat edest i nat i on.( War ehousi ngandst or agel ay out s, moder at e) 120.Whatar et het wobasi ct y pesofpr oductl ay out s?Expl ai nhowt heyar eal i ke, andhowt hey ar edi f f er ent . Thet wot y pesar ef abr i cat i onl i nesandassembl yl i nes.Fabr i cat i onl i nesbui l d component sonaser i esofmachi nes, whi l eassembl yl i nesputt hef abr i cat edpar t s t oget herataser i esofwor kst at i ons.Fabr i cat i onl i nest endt obemachi nepacedand r equi r emechani cal changest of aci l i t at ebal ance, whi l eassembl yl i nest endt obepaced bywor kt asksassi gnedt oi ndi v i dual sort owor kst at i onsandar et her ef or ebal ancedby mov i ngt asksf r om onei ndi v i dual t oanot her .( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 121.Expl ai nwhatt hepur poseofassembl yl i nebal anci ngi s.Descr i bebr i ef l yhowi ti sdone. Expl ai nhowassembl yl i nebal anci ngsuppor t st heneedsofpr oductl ay out . Assembl yl i nebal anci ngat t empt st oputequal amount sofwor ki nt oeachoft he wor kst at i onst hatassembl eapr oduct .Thet echni quebegi nswi t hat askl i stand pr ecedencechar t ; t ot hi si saddeddemanddat a, f r om whi chcy cl et i mecanbecomput ed. Thi si st hespeedatwhi cht hel i nemustmov e.Thent het heor et i cal numberofst at i onsi s cal cul at ed.Eachr equi r edt aski st henassi gnedi nt oonewor kst at i on.Thi sappr oachhol ds downt heamountofi dl et i mei napr oductl ay out , andl eadst ohi gherut i l i zat i onoft he pl ant , andt ohi gherv ol umeofout put .( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 122.Def i net hef ol l owi ngt er mst hatoccuri nassembl yl i nebal anci ng: cy cl et i me, mi ni mum numberofwor kst at i ons, andef f i ci ency . Cy cl et i mei st her at i oofal l owedwor kt i met ouni t sschedul ed.Thet heor et i cal mi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsi nanassembl yl i nei sdet er mi nedbydi v i di ngt het ot al t askCCXXVI dur at i ont i mef ort hepr oductbyt hecy cl et i me.Theef f i ci encyofal i nebal ancei s det er mi nedbydi v i di ngt het ot al t askt i meassi gnedbyt hepr oductoft henumberof wor kst at i onst i mest hecy cl et i me.( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 123.Whati st her ol eofheur i st i csi nsol v i ngl ay outpr obl ems?Pr ov i deabr i efexampl e, dr awi ng f r om manuf act ur i ngsi t uat i ons, r et ai l i ngsi t uat i ons, orot herser v i cesi t uat i ons. Heur i st i csar eusedi npr obl emst oocompl ext omodel expl i ci t l y , suchasassembl yl i ne bal anci ngpr obl ems, f i xedposi t i onl ay out s, of f i cel ay out s, andr et ai l l ay out s.Al l oft hese l ay outt y pesar equi t ecompl ex, f eat ur i ngv er yl ar genumber sofal t er nat i v esol ut i onsand nosi ngl enumer i cobj ect i v ef orev al uat i ngt hem.( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 124.Assembl yl i nebal anci nghasj ustbeenusedt osol v eapr oductl ay outpr obl em.Two sol ut i onsl ookespeci al l yat t r act i v et ot hepl antmanager s.Bot hsol ut i onsmaket hesame out putperday , andbot hhav et hesamenumberofwor kst at i ons.Themanager swer e goi ngt obr eakt het i ebyl ooki ngatl i neef f i ci ency , butdi scov er edt hatbot hl i neshadt he sameef f i ci encyaswel l .Shoul dt heyhav ebeensur pr i sedatt hi s?Expl ai n. No, t heyshoul dnotbesur pr i sed.Ef f i ci encyi st her at i oofact ual wor kneededperuni tt o t i meav ai l abl e.Wor kneededi scl ear l yt hesamei nbot hcasesast hepr oducti st hesame. Wor kav ai l abl ei sal sot hesame, si ncebot hl i neshav et hesamenumberofst at i onsand t hesamecy cl et i me.Oncecy cl et i meandnumberofst at i onsar eknown, soi sef f i ci ency , nomat t erwhatt asksar eassi gnedt owhatst at i onswi t hi nt hatf r amewor k.( Repet i t i v e andpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 125.Whatar et headv ant agesanddi sadv ant agesofpr oductl ay out s? Theadv ant agesofapr oductl ay outar e:  Theuseofspeci al pur poseequi pmentcanmaket heov er al l pr ocessmor eef f i ci ent .  I ndi v i dual wor kl oadscanusual l ybemadet ober el at i v el yequi v al ent .  I tusual l yr esul t si nl owv ar i abl ecostperuni t .  I tt endst okeepmat er i al handl i ngcost sr el at i v el yl ow.  I tr educeswor ki npr ocessi nv ent or i es.  I tmakest r ai ni ngandsuper v i si oneasi ert hanwi t hot herl ay outst r at egi es. Thedi sadv ant agesar e:  Hi ghv ol umei sr equi r edbecauseoft hel ar gei nv est mentneededt oset upt hepr ocess.  Wor kst oppageatanypoi ntt i esupt hewhol eoper at i on.  Ther ei sal ackoff l exi bi l i t yi nhandl i ngav ar i et yofpr oduct sorpr oduct i onr at es. ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXVI I PROBLEMS 126.Dev el opasol ut i onf ort hef ol l owi ngl i nebal anci ngpr obl em, al l owi ngacy cl et i meof5 mi nut es. a.Dr awt hepr ecedencedi agr am f ort hesetoft asks. b.Cal cul at et het heor et i cal mi ni mum numberofwor kst at i ons. c.Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngt hel ongestt askt i meheur i st i c. d.Whatt asksar eassi gnedt owhi chst at i ons? e.Doest hesol ut i onhav et hemi ni mum numberofst at i ons?Expl ai n. f .Howmuchi dl et i mei st her e, summedov eral l wor kst at i ons? g.Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hi sl i ne? Wor kTask TaskTi me Task ( seconds) Pr edecessor ( s) 70 A 60 B A 120 C B 60 D 240 E C, D 100 F A 190 G E, F Themi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsi s3.Bal ancepl acesABDFi nst at i on1, Ci nst at i on 2, Ei nst at i on3, andGi nst at i on4.Thesol ut i onusesf ourst at i ons, nott hr ee.ThePOM f or Wi ndowssol ut i oni sshownbel ow.I dl et i mei sdi st r i but ed10, 180, 60, and110perst at i on. Ther ear e360secondsofi dl et i mei nt hesy st em.Ef f i ci encyi s70. 0%. CCXXVI I I ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 127.Anassembl yl i nehasbeendesi gnedt omakebat t er y power edbev er agemi xer s.Task det ai l sar eshowni nt het abl ebel ow: St at i on TaskAssi gned TaskTi me( mi nut es) 1 1 3. 0 2 3; 4 1. 5; 2. 0 3 2; 5; 6 1. 5; 1. 5; 1. 0 4 7 3. 0 5 8 2. 5 6 9; 10; 11 2. 0; 1. 0; 1. 0 a.Whati st heassi gnedcy cl et i me( i nmi nut es) ? b.Whati st hemaxi mum out putr at eoft hi sl i nei nmi xer sperhour ? c.Whati st het ot al i dl et i mepercy cl e? d.Whati st heassembl yl i ne' sef f i ci ency ? Cy cl et i mei s4. 0mi nut es( gov er nedbyst at i ons3and6) .Maxi mum out puti s60/ 4=15. 0 uni t sperhour .I dl et i mei s1. 0+0. 5+0. 0+1. 0+1. 5+0=4. 0mi nut es.Ef f i ci encyi s 20. 0/ 24. 0=83. 3%.( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 128.Depar t ment sA, B, C, andDneedt obeassi gnedt of ourr ooms1, 2, 3, and4.Theser ooms ar ear r angedi nar ow, i nt hator der , wi t h20met er sbet weeneach.Thedepar t ment al wor k f l owsar econt ai nedi nt het abl ebel ow. a.Whati st hemat er i al handl i ngt ot al ofassi gni ngA1, B2, C3, D4? b.Whati st hemat er i al handl i ngt ot al ofassi gni ngA1, B3, C4, D2? Fl owMat r i x Dept .A Dept .B Dept .C Dept .D Dept .A 0 30 5 20 Dept .B 5 0 40 20 Dept .C 0 10 0 40 Dept .D 10 5 0 0 ( a) Themat er i al handl i ngt ot al ofA1, B2, C3, D4i s5500.Det ai l s: 12( AB) : 20x30+20x5=700; 13( AC) : 40x 5+40x0=200; 14( AD) : 60x20+60x10=1800; 23( BC) : CCXXI X 20x40+20x10=1000; 24( BD) : 40x20+40x5=1000; and34( CD) : 20x40+20x0=800.The sum oft hesesi xel ement si s5, 500. ( b)Themat er i al handl i ngt ot al ofA1, B3, C4, D2i s5400, whi chi sal sot heopt i mal sol ut i on.Det ai l s: 12( AD) : 20x20+20x10=600; 13( AB) : 40x30+40x5=1400; 14( AC) : 60x5+60x0=300; 23( BD) : 20x20+20x5=500; 24( CD) : 40x40+40x0=1600; and34( BC) : 20x40+20x10=1000.Thesesi xel ement ssum t o5400.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 129.Thef l owanddi st ancedat ai nt het abl ebel owwer ei nputi nt oal ay outsof t war epr ogr am, andsol v edby" pai r wi secompar i son. "Thatsol ut i oncal l edf orassi gnment sA4, B1, C3, andD2, wi t hat ot al mov ementof2430.Ver i f yt hatr esul t .I st hatsol ut i onopt i mal ?Can y ouof f erani mpr ov edsol ut i on?Whati st het ot al mov ementofy oural t er nat esol ut i on? Thesi xel ement sofmov ementi nt heor i gi nal sol ut i onar e12( BD) : 6x30+12x30=540; 13 ( BC) : 7x60+2x60=540; 14( AB) : 5x80+0x80=400; 23( CD) : 9x30+4x30=390; 24( AD) : 3x50+5x50=400; and34( AC) : 8x20+0x20=160.Thesum oft hesesi xel ement si s2430. Thi ssol ut i oni snotnecessar i l yopt i mal becauset hepai r wi secompar i sont echni quedoes noti nspectal l possi bl esol ut i ons.Anot herpossi bl esol ut i oni sA4, B1, C2, andD3, whi chhasat ot al mov ementof2700.Theopt i mal assi gnmentofdepar t ment st or oomsi s A1, B4, C2, andD3, whi chhasat ot al mov ementof2320.Ci st husputf ur t herf r om B andcl osert oA, whi chhel psr educemov ement .( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 130.Cy cl oneAppl i anceshasdev el opedanewEur opeanst y l econv ect i onov ent hatwi l l be madeonanassembl yl i ne.Theschedul er equi r es80ov ensi nan8hourday .The assembl yi ncl udessev ent asks.Thet abl ebel owi ndi cat est heper f or mancet i meandt he sequencer equi r ement sf oreacht ask. Task A B C D E F G Per f or manceTi me ( mi nut es) 1 2 3 2 4 1 2 Taskmustf ol l owTaskl i st ed bel ow A B B C, D E F a.Whati st hecy cl et i mef ort hi sassembl yoper at i on? b.Whati st hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i ons? CCXXX c. Dr awt hepr ecedencedi agr am. SEENEXTPAGEFORSOLUTI ON. ( a)Thecy cl et i mei s480mi nut esperday/80ov ens=6mi nut es/ ov en.( b)Themi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsi st hesum ofal l t askt i mes, 15mi nut es, di v i dedbyt hecy cl et i me, 6mi nut es; 15/6=2. 5or3wor kst at i ons.( c)Thepr ecedencedi agr am appear sbel ow. ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 131.Anel ect r oni csmanuf act ur ermakesr emot econt r ol dev i cesf ori nt er act i v ecabl eTV sy st ems.Thef ol l owi ngassembl yt asksmustbeper f or medoneachdev i ce. Task Descr i pt i on A B C D E F G H I J Pl aceci r cui ti nt oci r cui tf r ame Sol derci r cui tconnect i onst ocent r al ci r cui t cont r ol Pl aceci r cui tassembl yi ndev i cef r ame At t achci r cui tassembl yt odev i cef r ame Pl aceandat t achdi spl ayt of r ame Pl aceandat t achkey padt of r ame Pl aceandat t acht opbodyofdev i cet of r ame Pl aceandat t achbat t er yhol dert of r ame Pl aceandat t achbot t om bodyofdev i cet o f r ame Testdev i ce Pr edecessor ( s Ti me( mi n. ) ) 0. 50 A 0. 70 B C E, F D G, H 0. 40 0. 30 0. 30 0. 20 0. 35 0. 40 0. 60 I 0. 30 a.Dr awt hepr ecedencedi agr am f ort hi spr obl em. b.Whati st hesum oft het askt i mes? c. Whatcy cl et i mewi l l al l owt hepr oduct i onof200uni t sov erat enhourday ? d.Whati st het heor et i cal numberofwor kst at i onsneeded? e. Bal ancet hi sassembl yl i neusi ngt heheur i st i cmostf ol l owi ngt asksandt heheur i st i c l ongestoper at i ont i me. f . Howdot heset wosol ut i onsdi f f er ?Whi chdoy oupr ef er ; why ? SEENEXTPAGEFORSOLUTI ON. CCXXXI Thesum oft het askt i mesi s4. 05mi nut es.Thecy cl et i mef or200uni t sout puti s600/ 200 =3mi nut es.Themi ni mum numberofst at i onsi s4. 05/ 3=1. 35or2.Bot hsol ut i onsuse t wost at i onsandhav e67. 5%ef f i ci ency . ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXXI I 132.Acompanyi sdesi gni ngapr oductl ay outf oranewpr oduct .I tpl anst ouset hi spr oduct i on l i neei ghthour sadayi nor dert omeetaschedul eof400uni t sperday .Thet asks necessar yt opr oducet hi spr oductar edet ai l edi nt het abl ebel ow. Task Pr edecessor Ti me( seconds) A 50 B A 36 C 26 D 22 E B, D 70 F C, E 30 a.Dr awt henet wor kdescr i bedi nt het abl e. b.Wi t houtr egar dt oapr oduct i onschedul e, whati st hemi ni mum possi bl ecy cl et i me( i n seconds)f ort hi ssi t uat i on; whati st hemaxi mum? c. Whati st her equi r edcy cl et i me( i nseconds)i nor dert omeett heschedul e? d.Whati st hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsneededt omeett heschedul e? e. Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngl ongestpr ocessi ngt i me. f . Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hebal anceobt ai nedi npar te? Thenet wor kdi agr am appear sbel ow.Mi ni mum cy cl et i mei s70seconds( t hel ongestt ask t i me) ; maxi mum cy cl et i mei s234seconds( sum oft het askt i mes) .Cy cl et i mei s480/ 400 =1. 2mi nut esor72seconds( whi chi sbar el yf easi bl e) .Thenumberofst at i onsr equi r edi s atl east234/ 72=3. 25or4. ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXXI I I 133.Youhav ebeenaskedt obal anceaf l owshopassembl yoper at i ont oachi ev eanout put r at eof80uni t sperei ght hourday .Taskt i mesandpr ecedencer el at i onshi psar eshowni n t het abl ebel ow. Task Pr edecessor ( s Dur at i on( mi nut es) ) A 1. 4 B 0. 8 C A, B 0. 4 D 1. 8 E 0. 4 F C 2. 1 G E, F 2. 0 H D, G 1. 2 a.Dr awt hepr ecedencedi agr am. b.Det er mi net hedesi r edcy cl et i me. c.Det er mi net hemi ni mum numberofst at i onsneeded. d.Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngmostf ol l owi ngt asks. e.Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hel i neobt ai nedi npar td? Thepr ecedencedi agr am appear sbel ow.Thedesi r edcy cl et i mef or80uni t si s6mi nut es. Themi ni mum numberofst at i onsi s10. 1/6=1. 68or2. CCXXXI V ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 134.Af i r m oper at esaf l owshopbui l di ngki t chencabi net r yf orr ecr eat i onal v ehi cl es.Themaj or act i v i t i esoft hi spr ocessar el i st edbel ow. Task Dur at i on Pr edecessor1 Pr edecessor2 Pr edecessor4 ( hour s) A 4 B 6 C 2 A D 6 A E 3 B C F 3 B C G 5 D E F H 1 G a.Dr awt heappr opr i at enet wor kf ort hi spr oj ect . b.Whatwoul dt hecy cl et i mebei ft hegoal i st opr oduce20uni t spermont h( t hepl ant oper at es 160hour spermont h) ? c.Whati st hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsneeded? d.Bal ancewi t ht hemostf ol l owi ngt asksheur i st i c.Whatt asksar eassi gnedt owhi ch st at i ons? e.Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hel i neobt ai nedi npar td? CCXXXV ( b)Thecy cl et i mei s160/ 20=8hour s; ( c)Thi sl i ner equi r esatl east30/ 8=3. 75or4 st at i ons; ( d)AandCar ei nSt at i on1; Bi si nSt at i on2; Di si nSt at i on3; EandFoccupy St at i on4; andGandHar ei nSt at i on5.( e)Ef f i ci encyi s30/ 40=. 75or75per cent . ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) 135.Ther ear et hr eewor kcent er s( A, B, andC)behi ndt hef i nanci al ai dcount eratanear by uni v er si t y .Theycaneachf i ti nt oanyoft hr eeof f i cespaces( 1, 2, and3)of ft hecor r i dor behi ndt hedesk.Ther ei snost udentcont acti nt hesear eas, onl ywor ker s.Thedi st ance12i s20f eet , 23i s30f eet , and13i s50f eet .Themat r i xofwor k( t r i psperday )att het hr ee cent er si si nt hef ol l owi ngt abl e.Remembert hateacht r i pmustbear oundt r i p( f r om 1t o 2andback, f orexampl e) . A B C A 45 60 B 20 0 C 0 25 - a.Howmanypossi bl eassi gnment sar et her e?Li stt hem. b.Cal cul at et het ot al di st ancet r av el edi neachoft heseassi gnment s. c.Whi chassi gnmentmi ni mi zesdi st ancet r av el ed? ( a)Ther ear e3!=6assi gnment s, l i st edi nt het abl ebel ow.( b)Thecost , i nf eet , ofeach assi gnmentappear si nt het abl ebel ow.( c)Thel owestcostassi gnmenti sA2, B1, C3. CCXXXVI A B C Cost 1 2 3 10, 100 1 3 2 10, 400 2 1 3 8, 700 2 3 1 8, 800 3 1 2 11, 100 3 2 1 10, 900 ( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 136.Hemot ech, I nc. , abi omedi cal t echnol ogyandr esear chl abor at or y , pr oducesast andar d bl oodf i l t er i ngdev i ceonanassembl yl i nebasi s.Si xbasi ct asksar eper f or medal ongan assembl yl i ne.Thet i met oper f or m eacht askandt het askst hatmusti mmedi at el y pr ecedeeacht askar ei nt het abl ebel ow.Twent ypumpsper450mi nut edaymustbe pr oducedbyt heassembl yl i ne. Task Pr ecedi ngTask Ti met oper f or m( mi n. ) A 5. 40 B A 3. 20 C 1. 50 D B, C 2. 80 E D 17. 10 F E 12. 80 a.Dr awt henet wor kdi agr am oft hepr ecedencer el at i onshi ps. b.I dent i f yt heabsol ut emi ni mum andmaxi mum cy cl et i mes. c. Howmanywor kst at i onsar er equi r edt omeett heschedul e? d.Whati st hecy cl et i mer equi r edt omeetdemand? e. Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngmostf ol l owi ngt asksheur i st i c. f . Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hel i neobt ai nedi npar te? g.Cant heef f i ci encyoft hi ssol ut i onbei mpr ov ed?Expl ai n. SEENEXTPAGEFORSOLUTI ON. CCXXXVI I ( a)Theappr opr i at edi agr am appear sbel ow.( b) Theabsol ut emi ni mum cy cl et i mei s17. 10 mi nut es( t hel ongestoper at i on) .Theabsol ut emaxi mum cy cl et i mei s42. 80mi nut es( t he sum ofal l t askt i mes) .( c)Themi ni mum numberofst at i onsi s42. 8/ 22. 5=1. 90or2, but t heact ual numberofst at i onsneededi s3.( d)Thecy cl et i mei s450/ 20=22. 5mi nut es.( e) Thebal ancedl i neappear sbel ow.( f )Thel i ne' sef f i ci encyi sonl y63%.( g)Ther ei si dl e t i meatal l st at i ons; r emov i ngt hesmal l estamountofi dl et i me( 5. 4mi nut es)f r om al l st at i onsr educest hecy cl et i mef r om 22. 5mi nut est o17. 1mi nut es.Theef f i ci encyoft he l i ner i sest o83per cent . ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXXXVI I I 137.Af i r mi spl anni ngt osetupanassembl yl i net oassembl e40uni t sperhour , and57 mi nut esperhourar epr oduct i v e.Thet i met oper f or m eacht askandt het askswhi ch pr ecedeeacht askar e: Task Pr ecedi ngTask Ti met oper f or m( mi n. ) A . 69 B A . 55 C B . 92 D B . 59 E B . 70 F B 1. 10 G C, D, E . 75 H G, F . 43 I H . 29 a.Dr awanet wor kdi agr am ofpr ecedencer el at i onshi ps. b.Comput et hecy cl et i meperuni ti nmi nut es. c.Comput et hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsr equi r edt opr oduce40uni t sperhour . d.Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngl ongestpr ocessi ngt i me. e.Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hel i neobt ai nedi npar td? ( a)Theappr opr i at edi agr am appear sbel ow.( b)Cy cl et i mei s57/ 40=1. 425mi nut es.( c) Thenumberofst at i onsr equi r edi s6. 02/ 1. 425=4. 22or5.( d)Thebal ancedl i neappear s i nt hesof t war eout putpanel bel ow.( e)Thel i ne' sef f i ci encyi s6. 02/8/ 55=70. 4% CCXXXI X ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) CCXL 138.Ani nsur ancecl ai mspr ocessi ngcent erhassi xwor kcent er s, anyofwhi chcanbepl aced i nt oanyofsi xphy si cal depar t ment al l ocat i ons.Cal l t hecent er s1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and6, andt he depar t ment sA, B, C, D, E, andF.Thecur r entsetofassi gnment si sA3, B1, C6, D2, E4, andF5. The( sy mmet r i c)mat r i xofdepar t ment al di st ances, i nmet er si s 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 - 2 5 - 3 30 40 - 4 20 15 50 - 5 15 10 20 10 - 6 20 10 5 35 5 - Themat r i xofwor kf l ow( est i mat edt r i psperday )i samongcent er s A B C D E F A 20 0 30 40 0 B 15 50 60 0 0 C 20 50 20 0 30 D 0 0 30 10 20 E 30 160 0 70 50 F 0 10 30 0 60 - Thef i r m est i mat est hateacht r i pcost sappr oxi mat el y$4. a.Whati st hecostoft hecur r entassi gnment ? b.Uset r i al ander r ort of i ndonei mpr ov edassi gnment . c.Whati st hatassi gnment , andwhati si t scost ? ( a)Thecur r entassi gnmentcost s14, 000met er s, or$56, 000.( b, c)Theopt i mal sol ut i oni s 10, 450met er s, or$41, 800, wi t hA3, B5, C4, D1, E6, andF2.St udent smayf i nd i mpr ov edsol ut i onsot hert hant heopt i mal sol ut i on.( Pr ocessor i ent edl ay out , di f f i cul t ) 139.Anassembl yl i newi t h11t asksi st obebal anced.Thel ongestt aski s2. 4mi nut es, t he shor t estt aski s0. 4mi nut es, andt hesum oft het askt i mesi s18mi nut es.Thel i newi l l oper at ef or600mi nut esperday . a.Det er mi net hemi ni mum andmaxi mum cy cl et i mes. b.Whatr angeofout puti st heor et i cal l ypossi bl ef ort hel i ne? c.Whati st hemi ni mum numberofst at i onsneededi ft hemaxi mum out putr at ei st obe sought ? d.Whatcy cl et i mewi l l pr ov i deanout putr at eof200uni t sperday ? Mi ni mum cy cl et i mei s2. 4mi nut es.Maxi mum cy cl et i mei s18mi nut es.Maxi mum out put i s600/ 2. 4=250; mi ni mum out puti s600/ 18=33. 3.Formaxi mum out put , 18/ 2. 4=7. 5or 8st at i onswi l l beneeded.Topr oduce200uni t sperdayr equi r esa3mi nut ecy cl et i me. ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXLI 140.Af aci l i t yi st r y i ngt osetupanassembl yl i ne, andhasi dent i f i edt hev ar i oust asks, andt hei r r el at i onshi pt oeachot her , asshowni nt hef ol l owi ngt abl e.Theywi sht opr oduce600 uni t sperday , wor ki ngt wo8hourshi f t s. Task Pr ecedi ngTask Ti met oper f or m( sec. ) A 20 B 30 C 25 D 10 E A 55 F D, B, C 30 G E 25 H F, G 40 a.Dr awanet wor kdi agr am ofpr ecedencer el at i onshi ps. b.Comput et hecy cl et i meperuni ti nseconds. c.Comput et hemi ni mum numberofwor kst at i onsr equi r edt opr oduce600uni t sperday . d.Bal ancet hi sl i neusi ngl ongestpr ocessi ngt i me. e.Whati st heef f i ci encyoft hel i neobt ai nedi npar td? ( a)Thepr ecedencedi agr am appear sbel ow.( b)Cy cl et i mei s96seconds.( c)3 wor kst at i onsar eneeded.( d)Thecomput erout putpl acest asksABCDi nst at i on1, EF i nst at i on2, andGHi nst at i on3.( e)Ef f i ci encyi sabout82per cent . ( Repet i t i v eandpr oduct or i ent edl ay out , moder at e) CCXLI I 141.Awor kcel l i sr equi r edt omake200comput er i zeddi agnost i cassembl i es( f ori nst al l at i on i nt ohy br i daut omobi l es)eachday .Thecel l cur r ent l ywor ksanei ghthourshi f t , ofwhi ch sev enhour si sav ai l abl ef orpr oduct i v ewor k.Whati st aktt i mef ort hi scel l ? Taktt i me=420mi nut es/200uni t sr equi r ed=2. 1mi nut es( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 142.Awor kcel l i sschedul edt obui l d120di gi t al l i ghtpr ocessor( DLP)assembl i eseachweek. Theseassembl i esar el at eri nst al l edi nt ohomet heat erpr oj ect i onsy st ems.Thewor kcel l has7. 5hour sofpr oduct i v ewor keachday , si xday sperweek.Whati st aktt i mef ort hi s cel l ? Thecel l has7. 5x6=45hour s( or2700mi nut es)ofwor kt i meeachweek.Taktt i me= 2700/120=22. 5mi nut es.( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 143.Awor kcel l i sr equi r edt omake80comput er i zeddi agnost i cassembl i es( f ori nst al l at i on i nt ohy br i daut omobi l es)eachday .Thecel l cur r ent l ywor ksanei ghthourshi f t , ofwhi ch sev enhour si sav ai l abl ef orpr oduct i v ewor k.Theseassembl i esr equi r ef i v eoper at i ons, wi t ht i mesof1. 0, 0. 8, 2. 4, 2. 5, and1. 4mi nut eseach.Whati st aktt i mef ort hi scel l ?How manywor ker swi l l beneeded? Taktt i me=420mi nut es/80uni t s=5. 25mi nut es.Tot al oper at i ont i mei s1. 0+1. 8+2. 4 +2. 5+1. 4=9. 1mi nut es.Wor ker sr equi r ed=9. 1/5. 25=1. 73or2.( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) 144.Awor kcel l i sr equi r edt omake140comput er i zeddi agnost i cassembl i es( f ori nst al l at i on i nt ohy br i daut omobi l es)eachday .Thecel l cur r ent l ywor ksanei ghthourshi f t , ofwhi ch sev enhour si sav ai l abl ef orpr oduct i v ewor k.Theseassembl i esr equi r ef i v eoper at i ons. St andar dt i mesf ort heseoper at i onsar e: Oper at i onA, 3. 0mi nut es, B, 1. 8mi nut es, C, 2. 4 mi nut es, D, 2. 5mi nut es, andE, 1. 4mi nut es.Whati st aktt i mef ort hi scel l ?Howmany wor ker swi l l beneededt oachi ev et hi sschedul e?Uset hegr i dbel owt oconst r uctawor k bal ancechar tf ort hi scel l . Taktt i me=420/140=3mi nut es/ uni t .Tot al oper at i ont i me=3. 0+1. 8+2. 4+2. 5+1. 4= 11. 1mi nut es.Fourwor ker sar er equi r ed( 11. 1/3=3. 7) .Thebal ancechar tappear sbel ow. CCXLI I I Wor kBal anceChar t , Aut omot i v e Di agnost i cComput er s 3. 5 3 2. 5 2 1. 5 1 0. 5 0 A B C D E Oper at i ons ( Wor kcel l s, moder at e) CCXLI V