Chapter 7 Process Strategy

CHAPTER7: PROCESSSTRATEGY TRUE/ FALSE 1. Del l ' sappr oacht oper sonal comput ermanuf act ur i ngi st ouseapr oductf ocus, whi ch gi v est hecompanyi t sl owcostcompet i t i v eadv ant age. Fal se( Gl obal companypr of i l e, easy ) 2. Af i r m' spr ocessst r at egyi si t sappr oacht ot r ansf or mi ngr esour cesi nt ogoodsand ser v i ces. Tr ue( I nt r oduct i on, easy ) 3. I nt er mi t t entpr ocessesar eor gani zedar oundpr ocesses. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, easy ) 4. I npr ocessf ocusedf aci l i t i es, equi pmentut i l i zat i oni sl ow. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 5. Thet y pi cal f ul l ser v i cer est aur antusesapr oduct f ocusedpr ocess. Fal se( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 6. Har l ey Dav i dson, becausei thassomanypossi bl ecombi nat i onsofpr oduct s, ut i l i zest he pr ocessst r at egyofmasscust omi zat i on. Fal se( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 7. Fl exi bi l i t yi si mpor t anti nr epet i t i v ef ocuspl ant sandpr oductf ocuspl ant s. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 8. Theassembl yl i nei sacl assi cexampl eofar epet i t i v epr ocess. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, easy ) 9. Oneessent i al i ngr edi entofmasscust omi zat i oni smodul ardesi gn. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 10. Thet ool t hatcal cul at eswhi chpr ocesshast hel owestcostatanyspeci f i edpr oduct i on v ol umei sacr ossov erchar t . Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 11. Thet er mf ocusedpr ocessesr ef er st ot hequestf ori ncr easedef f i ci ency , whet heri ngoods orser v i ces, t hatr esul t sf r om speci al i zat i on. Tr ue( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 12. Ser v i cebl uepr i nt i ngi sapr ocessanal y si st echni quet hatf ocusesont hecust omerandt he pr ov i der ' si nt er act i onwi t ht hecust omer . Tr ue( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 13. Val ueSt r eam Mappi ngi st heanal y si sofwher ev al uei saddedi nt hepr oduct i onpr ocess wi t hi naf aci l i t y . Fal se( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) CLI 14. Apr ocessmapwi t ht headdi t i onofat i meaxi sbecomesapr ocesschar t . Fal se( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 15. Ti mef unct i onmappi ngi saf l owdi agr am wi t ht i meaddedt ot hehor i zont al axi s. Tr ue( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 16. Pr ocessmapsusedi st ance, butnott i me, t oshowt hemov ementofmat er i al , pr oduct , or peopl et hr oughapr ocess. Fal se( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 17. Pr of essi onal ser v i cest y pi cal l yr equi r el owl ev el sofl abori nt ensi t y . Fal se( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 18. Anexampl eoft hepost ponementst r at egyf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t yi shav i ngt he cust omerwai tunt i l y ouhav esuf f i ci entt i met oser v et hecust omer . Fal se( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 19. Pr ocesscont r ol i st heuseofi nf or mat i ont echnol ogyt omoni t orandcont r ol aphy si cal pr ocess. Tr ue( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , easy ) 20. Oneuseofcamer aandcomput er basedv i si onsy st emsi st or epl acehumansdoi ng t edi ousander r or pr onev i sual i nspect i onact i v i t i es. Tr ue( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , easy ) 21. Aut omat edst or ageandr et r i ev al sy st emsar ecommonl yusedi ndi st r i but i onf aci l i t i esof r et ai l er s. Tr ue( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 22. Fl exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st ems, becauseofeasi l ychangedcont r ol pr ogr ams, ar eabl et o per f or m sucht asksasmanuf act ur i ngoneof aki ndpar t seconomi cal l y . Tr ue( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 23. Pr oduct i ont echnol ogyhashadamaj ori mpactonser v i ces, butasy ett her ehasbeenl i t t l e r educt i oni nser v i cel aborr equi r ement s. Fal se( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 24. Opt i cal checkoutscanner sandATMsar eexampl esoft echnol ogy ' si mpactonser v i ces. Tr ue( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 25. Successf ul pr ocessr edesi gnf ocusesondepar t ment al ar easwher esmal l , cont i nuous i mpr ov ement scanbemade. Fal se( Pr ocessr edesi gn, moder at e) 26. Pr ocessescanbeenv i r onment al l yf r i endl yandsoci al l yr esponsi bl ewhi l est i l l cont r i but i ng t opr of i t abl est r at egi es. Tr ue( Et hi csandenv i r onment al l yf r i endl ypr ocesses, easy ) 27. I nsel ect i ngnewequi pmentandt echnol ogy , deci si onmaker sl ookf orf l exi bi l i t y —t heabi l i t y CLI I t or espondwi t hl i t t l epenal t yi nt i me, cost , orcust omerv al ue. Tr ue( Sel ect i onofequi pmentandt echnol ogy , moder at e) MULTI PLECHOI CE 28. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr egar di ngDel l Comput eri sf al se? a.Del l i sapr act i t i oneroft hemasscust omi zat i onpr ocess. b.Del l bui l dsi t scomput er sov er seasi nor dert ogai nal owcostadv ant age. c. Del l keepsv er yl i t t l ei nv ent or yoff i ni shedgoods. d.Del l ut i l i zesagl obal suppl ychai n, butassembl esi t scomput er si nt heU. S. e. Del l ' sr esear chf ocusesonmanuf act ur i ngi ssues, notcomput erpar tdesi gn. b( Gl obal companypr of i l e, moder at e) 29. Anor gani zat i on' spr ocessst r at egy a.wi l l hav el ongr uni mpactonef f i ci encyandf l exi bi l i t yofpr oduct i on b.i st hesameasi t st r ansf or mat i onst r at egy c. mustmeetv ar i ousconst r ai nt s, i ncl udi ngcost d.i sconcer nedwi t hhowr esour cesar et r ansf or medi nt ogoodsandser v i ces e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( I nt r oduct i on, moder at e) 30. Aj obshopi sanexampl eofa( n) a.r epet i t i v epr ocess b.cont i nuouspr ocess c. l i nepr ocess d.i nt er mi t t entpr ocess e. speci al i zedpr ocess d( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 31. Thr eet y pesofpr ocessesar e a.goods, ser v i ces, andhy br i ds b.manual , aut omat ed, andser v i ce c. pr ocessf ocus, r epet i t i v ef ocus, andpr oductf ocus d.modul ar , cont i nuous, andt echnol ogi cal e. i nput , t r ansf or mat i on, andout put c( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 32. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi ndust r i esi sl i kel yt ohav el owequi pmentut i l i zat i on? a.aut omanuf act ur i ng b.commer ci al baki ng c. t el ev i si onmanuf act ur i ng d.chemi cal pr ocessi ng e. r est aur ant s e( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 33. Apr oduct f ocusedpr ocessi scommonl yusedt opr oduce a.hi ghv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct s b.l owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr oduct s c. hi ghv ol ume, l owv ar i et ypr oduct s d.l owv ar i et ypr oduct satei t herhi gh-orl owv ol ume CLI I I e. hi ghv ol umepr oduct sofei t herhi gh-orl owv ar i et y c( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 34. Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngpr oduct si smostl i kel ymadei naj obshopenv i r onment ? a.adai l ynewspaper b.paperf or ms c. t el ev i si onset s d.ci gar et t es e. cannedv eget abl es b( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 35. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngpr oduct si sl i kel yt obeassembl edonar epet i t i v epr ocessl i ne? a.aut omobi l es b.per sonal comput er s c. di shwasher s d.t el ev i si onset s e. al l oft heabov e e( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 36. Anassembl yl i nei sanexampl eofa a.pr oduct f ocusedpr ocess b.pr ocessf ocusedpr ocess c. r epet i t i v epr ocess d.l i nepr ocess e. speci al i zedpr ocess c( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 37. St andar dRegi st er a.hasdozensofU. S.pl ant si ni t sFor msDi v i si on b.gr oupspeopl eandmachi nesi nt odepar t ment st hatper f or m speci f i cact i v i t i es c. ut i l i zesapr oductst r at egyt okeeppr oduct i onv ol umehi gh d.obt ai nsi t sl owcostadv ant agebynotspendi ngmoneyonCADsy st ems e. obt ai nsi t sl owcostadv ant agebyspeci al i zi ngi nar el at i v el ysmal l numberofpr oduct s b( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 38. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngt r ansf or mat i onsgener al l yhast hehi ghestequi pmentut i l i zat i on? a.pr ocessf ocusedpr ocess b.r epet i t i v epr ocess c. pr oduct f ocusedpr ocess d.speci al i zedpr ocess e. modul arpr ocess c( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 39. Har l eyDav i dson a.ut i l i zesj obshopst omakeeachofi t smodul es b.usespr oductf ocusedmanuf act ur i ng c. usesal ar genumberofmodul est obui l dasmal l numberofdi f f er entbi kes d.useswor kcel l st of eedi t sassembl yl i ne e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. CLI V d( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 40. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi sf al ser egar di ngr epet i t i v epr ocesses? a.Theyusemodul es. b.Theyal l oweasyswi t chi ngf r om onepr oductt ot heot her . c. Theyar et hecl assi cassembl yl i nes. d.Theyhav emor est r uct ur eandl essf l exi bi l i t yt hanaj obshopl ay out . e. Theyi ncl udet heassembl yofbasi cal l yal l aut omobi l es. b( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 41. Whendonecor r ect l y , masscust omi zat i on a. i ncr easespr essur eonsuppl ychai nper f or mance b. hel psel i mi nat et heguesswor kt hatcomeswi t hsal esf or ecast i ng c. dr i v esdowni nv ent or i es d. i ncr easespr essur eonschedul i ng e. al l oft heabov e e( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 42. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngphr asesbestdescr i bespr oductf ocus? a.l owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et y b.f i ni shedgoodsar eusual l ymadet oor der c. pr ocessesar edesi gnedt oper f or m awi dev ar i et yofact i v i t i es d.hi ghf i xedcost s, l owv ar i abl ecost s e. r awmat er i al i nv ent or i esar el owr el at i v et ot hev al ueoft hepr oduct d( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, di f f i cul t ) 43. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngphr asesbestdescr i bespr ocessf ocus? a.l owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et y b.f i ni shedgoodsar eusual l ymadet oaf or ecastandst or ed c. oper at or sar emodest l yski l l ed d.hi ghf i xedcost s, l owv ar i abl ecost s e. r awmat er i al i nv ent or i esar ehi ghr el at i v et ot hev al ueoft hepr oduct a( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, di f f i cul t ) 44. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngchar act er i st i csbestdescr i besr epet i t i v ef ocus? a.I tusessophi st i cat edschedul i ngt oaccommodat ecust om or der s. b.I t sout puti sast andar di zedpr oductpr oducedf r om modul es. c. I ti st ooexpensi v ewhenv ol umesar el oworf l exi bi l i t yi sr equi r ed. d.I ti swi del yusedf ort hemanuf act ur eofst eel . e. I t scost sar eof t enknownonl yaf t eraj obi sdone. b( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, di f f i cul t ) 45. Ut i l i zat i oni npr ocessor i ent edf aci l i t i esi sf r equent l yl owbecause a.t hepost ponementst r at egyf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t yi sbei ngused b.schedul i ngi npr ocessor i ent edf aci l i t i esi snotv er ycompl ex c. wi t hhi ghf i xedcost s, ut i l i zat i oni snotv er yi mpor t ant d.excesscapaci t yf orpeakdemandsi sdesi r abl e e. l owr awmat er i al i nv ent or i escausemachi nest obei dl ed d( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) CLV 46. Aquasi cust om pr oduct a.get si t sappar entcust omi zat i onf r om t hecombi nat i onsav ai l abl ef r om asmal l number ofmodul es b.i sof t ent heout putofr epet i t i v ef ocusf aci l i t i es c. i sav al i ddescr i pt i onofaf astf oodsandwi ch d.i sonl ypossi bl ewhent hef ocusst r at egyofser v i cepr oduct i v i t yi mpr ov ementi si nuse e. Al l butdar et r ue. e( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 47. Pr ocessAhasf i xedcost sof$1000andv ar i abl ecost sof$5peruni t .Pr ocessBhasf i xed cost sof$500andv ar i abl ecost sof$15peruni t .Thecr ossov erpoi ntbet weenpr ocessA andpr ocessBi s a.50uni t s b.200uni t s c. $2, 500 d.$5, 000 e. $9, 500 a( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 48. Pr ocessXhasf i xedcost sof$10, 000andv ar i abl ecost sof$2. 40peruni t .Pr ocessYhas f i xedcost sof$9, 000andv ar i abl ecost sof$2. 25peruni t .Whi choft hef ol l owi ng st at ement si st r ue? a.Thecr ossov erpoi nti sappr oxi mat el y6667uni t s. b.I ti si mpossi bl ef oronepr ocesst ohav ebot hofi t scost sl owert hant hoseofanot her pr ocess. c. Pr ocessYi scheapert hanpr ocessXatal l v ol umes; t her ei snocr ossov erpoi nt . d.Pr ocessXshoul dbesel ect edf orv er yl ar gepr oduct i onv ol umes. e. Pr ocessXi smor epr of i t abl et hanpr ocessYandshoul dbesel ect ed. c( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 49. Thecr ossov erpoi nti st hatpr oduct i onquant i t ywher e a.v ar i abl ecost sofonepr ocessequal t hev ar i abl ecost sofanot herpr ocess b.f i x edcost sofapr ocessar eequal t oi t sv ar i abl ecost s c. t ot al cost sequal t ot al r ev enuesf orapr ocess d.t ot al cost sf oronepr ocessequal t ot al cost sf oranot herpr ocess e. t hepr ocessnol ongerl osesmoney d( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 50. Pr oductFocusedpr ocesses a.al l owmor ecust omi zat i on, butar enotv er yef f i ci ent b.ar edesi r abl ebecauser esour ceneedsi ncr easesl owl ywi t ht hecompl exi t yofa pr ocess c. ar epr ocessest hatar especi al i zedf orr el at i v el yf ewpr oduct sorcust omergr oups d.appl yonl yt oser v i cef i r ms, nott omanuf act ur er s e. ar epr of i t abl ebecausecust omer sdemandf l exi bi l i t y , notspeci al i zat i on c( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) CLVI 51. Val ueSt r eam Mappi ng a.i sav ar i at i onont i mef unct i onmappi ng b.exami nest hesuppl ychai nt odet er mi newher ev al uei sadded c. ext endst i mef unct i onmappi ngbackt ot hesuppl i er d.st ar t swi t ht hecust omerandwor ksbackwar ds e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 52. Onef undament al di f f er encebet weenapr ocesschar tandapr ocessmapi st hat a.t hepr ocesschar tusesat i medi mensi onwhi l eapr ocessmapi snott i meor i ent ed b.t hepr ocesschar ti ncl udest hesuppl ychai n, whi l et hepr ocessmapst ay swi t hi nan or gani zat i on c. t hepr ocesschar ti smor el i keat abl e, whi l et hepr ocessmapi smor el i keaschemat i c di agr am d.t hepr ocesschar tf ocusesont hecust omerandont hepr ov i der ' si nt er act i onwi t ht he cust omer , whi l et hepr ocessmapdoesnotdeal di r ect l ywi t ht hecust omer e. Noneoft hesei st r ue, becauseapr ocesschar tandapr ocessmapar et hesamet hi ng. c( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 53. Ser v i cebl uepr i nt i ng a.pr ov i dest hebasi st onegot i at epr i ceswi t hsuppl i er s b.mi mi cst hewaypeopl ecommuni cat e c. det er mi nest hebestt i mef oreachst epi nt hepr ocess d.f ocusesont hepr ov i der ' si nt er act i onwi t ht hecust omer e. canonl ybesuccessf ul wi t ht wodi mensi onal pr ocesses d( Ser v i cepr ocessanddesi gn, moder at e) 54. Adr awi ngoft hemov ementofmat er i al , pr oduct , orpeopl ei sa a.f l owdi agr am b.pr ocesschar t c. ser v i cebl uepr i nt d.pr ocessmap e. noneoft heabov e a( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 55. St r at egi esf ori mpr ov i ngpr oduct i v i t yi nser v i cesar e a.separ at i on, sel f ser v i ce, aut omat i on, andschedul i ng b.l eanpr oduct i on, st r at egy dr i v eni nv est ment s, aut omat i on, andpr ocessf ocus c. r educei nv ent or y , r educewast e, r educei nspect i on, andr educer ewor k d.hi ghi nt er act i on, masscust omi zat i on, ser v i cef act or y , andj ust i nt i me e. noneoft heabov e a( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 56. I nmassser v i ceandpr of essi onal ser v i ce, t heoper at i onsmanagershoul df ocuson a.aut omat i on b.equi pmentmai nt enance c. sophi st i cat edschedul i ng d.humanr esour ces e. al l oft heabov e CLVI I d( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 57. I nmassser v i ceandser v i cef act or yquadr ant soft heser v i cepr ocessmat r i x, t he oper at i onsmanagercoul df ocusonal l oft hef ol l owi ngexcept a.aut omat i on b.st andar di zat i on c. t i ghtqual i t ycont r ol d.r emov i ngsomeser v i ces e. cust omi zat i on e( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 58. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngoppor t uni t i est oi mpr ov eser v i cepr ocesses? a.Aut omat i oncandol i t t l et oi mpr ov eser v i cepr ocesses, becauseser v i cesar eso per sonal . b.Lay outi sofl i t t l econsequence, si nceser v i cessel dom useanassembl yl i ne. c. I fawor kf or cei sst r ongl ycommi t t ed, i tneednotbecr osst r ai nedandf l exi bl e. d.Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. e( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 59. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngar et y pi cal ofpr ocesscont r ol sy st ems? a.Theyhav esensor s. b.Thedi gi t i zeddat aar eanal y z edbycomput er , whi chgener at esf eedback. c. Thei rsensor st akemeasur ement sonaper i odi cbasi s. d.Thesensor s' measur ement sar edi gi t i zed. e. al l oft heabov e e( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 60. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngv i si onsy st ems? a.Theyar econsi st ent l yaccur at e. b.Theyar emodesti ncost . c. Theydonotbecomebor ed. d.Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. d( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 61. Theuseofi nf or mat i ont echnol ogyt omoni t orandcont r ol aphy si cal pr ocessi sknownas a.pr ocesscont r ol b.comput er ai deddesi gn c. i nf or mat i onnumer i ccont r ol d.numer i ccont r ol e. noneoft heabov e a( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 62. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr egar di ngaut omat edgui dedv ehi cl esi sf al se? a.Theyar eusedt omov emai l i nof f i ces. b.Theyar eusedt omov ewor ker sf r om onesi deoft hepl antt ot heot her . c. Theyar eusedt odel i v ermeal si nhospi t al sandj ai l s. d.Theyar eanal t er nat i v et omonor ai l s, conv ey or s, andr obot si naut omat edmat er i al CLVI I I handl i ng. e. Theyar eel ect r oni cal l ygui dedandcont r ol l edcar t susedt omov epar t sandequi pment . b( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 63. " Aut omat i cpl acementandwi t hdr awal ofpar t sandpr oduct si nt oandf r om desi gnat ed pl acesi nawar ehouse"descr i bes a.AGV b.CAD/ CAM c. CI M d.ASRS e. FMS d( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 64. Comput er i nt egr at edmanuf act ur i ng( CI M)i ncl udesmanuf act ur i ngsy st emst hathav e a.comput er ai deddesi gn, af l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st em, i nv ent or ycont r ol , war ehousi ngandshi ppi ngi nt egr at ed b.t r ansact i onpr ocessi ng, managementi nf or mat i onsy st ems, anddeci si onsuppor t sy st emsi nt egr at ed c. aut omat edgui dedv ehi cl es, r obot s, andpr ocesscont r ol d.r obot s, aut omat edgui dedv ehi cl es, andt r ansf erequi pment e. al l oft heabov e a( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 65. Whi choneoft hef ol l owi ngt echnol ogi esi susedonl yf ormat er i al handl i ng, notact ual pr oduct i onorassembl y ? a.r obot s b.CNC c. CAD d.AGVs e. FMS d( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 66. Asy st em usi nganaut omat edwor kcel l cont r ol l edbyel ect r oni csi gnal sf r om acommon cent r al i zedcomput erf aci l i t yi scal l eda( n) a.adapt i v econt r ol sy st em b.r obot i cs c. f l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st em d.aut omat i cgui dedv ehi cl e( AGV)sy st em e. manuf act ur i ngcel l c( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) CLI X 67. " Oper at or ssi mpl yl oadnewpr ogr ams, asnecessar y , t opr oducedi f f er entpr oduct s" descr i bes a.CAD b.aut omat edgui dedv ehi cl es c. f l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st ems d.v i si onsy st ems e. pr ocesscont r ol c( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 68. Exampl esoft hei mpactoft echnol ogyonser v i cesi ncl udeal l butwhi choft hef ol l owi ng? a.cr edi tcar ds b.bar codeddat a c. el ect r oni ckey / l ocksy st emsi nhot el s d.t i cket l essai rt r av el e. sat el l i t edi r ect ednav i gat i onsy st ems a( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 69. Adv ancesi nt echnol ogy a.hav ei mpact edt hemanuf act ur i ngsect oronl y b.hav ehadonl yl i mi t edi mpactonser v i ces c. hav ef ai l edt ochanget hel ev el ofcust omeri nt er act i onwi t hanor gani zat i on d.hav ehaddr amat i ci mpactoncust omeri nt er act i onwi t hser v i cesandwi t hpr oduct s e. hav edr amat i cal l ychangedheal t hcar e, buthav enotchangedr et ai l i ng d( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 70. Pr ocessr edesi gn a.i st hef undament al r et hi nki ngofbusi nesspr ocesses b.canf ocusonanypr ocess c. t r i est obr i ngaboutdr amat i ci mpr ov ement si nper f or mance d.f ocusesonact i v i t i est hatcr ossf unct i onal l i nes e. al l oft heabov e e( Pr ocessr eengi neer i ng, moder at e) 71. Et hi cal andenv i r onment al l yf r i endl ypr ocessesi ncl udewhi choft hef ol l owi ng? a.emi ssi oncont r ol s b.r ecy cl i ng c. ef f i ci entuseofr esour ces d.r educt i onofwast eby pr oduct s e. al l oft heabov e e( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 72. Maki ngenv i r onment al l ysoundpr oduct st hr oughef f i ci entpr ocesses a.i sunpr of i t abl e, asl ongasr ecy cl abl emat er i al spr i cesar esof t b.i sknownasl eanmanuf act ur i ng c. canst i l l bepr of i t abl e d.i seasi erf orr epet i t i v epr ocessest hanf orpr oduct f ocusedpr ocesses e. noneoft heabov e c( Et hi cal andenv i r onment al l yf r i endl ypr ocesses, moder at e) CLX 73. Fl exi bi l i t ycanbeachi ev edwi t h a. mov abl eequi pment b. i nexpensi v eequi pment c. sophi st i cat edel ect r oni cequi pment d. modul arequi pment e. al l oft heabov e e( Sel ect i onofequi pmentandt echnol ogy , moder at e) 74. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr egar di nget hi cal andenv i r onment al l yf r i endl y pr ocessesi st r ue? a.Oper at i onsmanager scanbeenv i r onment al l ysensi t i v e, butt heymustav oi df ol l owi ng al owcostst r at egy . b.Pr ocessescanbeenv i r onment al l yf r i endl yorsoci al l yr esponsi bl e, butnotbot h. c. Oper at i onsmanager scanbeenv i r onment al l ysensi t i v eandst i l l f ol l owal owcost st r at egy . d.Usi ngener gy ef f i ci entl i ght i ngsav essol i t t l et hati tshoul dnotbel abel ed env i r onment al l yf r i endl y . e. Theonl ybusi nessst r at egyconsi st entwi t het hi cal andenv i r onment al l ysensi t i v e managementi st hedi f f er ent i at i onst r at egy . c( Et hi cal andenv i r onment al l yf r i endl ypr ocesses, moder at e) 75. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngt heconceptoff l exi bi l i t y ? a.I ti st heabi l i t yt ochangepr oduct i onr at eswi t hl i t t l epenal t yi nt i me, cost , orcust omer v al ue. b.I tcanbeaccompl i shedwi t hsophi st i cat edel ect r oni cequi pment . c. I tmayi nv ol v emodul ar , mov abl e, ev encheapequi pment . d.Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. d( Sel ect i onofequi pmentandt echnol ogy , moder at e) FI LLI NTHEBLANK 76. Anor gani zat i on' sappr oacht ot r ansf or mr esour cesi nt ogoodsandser v i cesi scal l edi t s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . pr ocessst r at egy( I nt r oduct i on, moder at e) 77. Thepr ocessst r at egyt hati sor gani zedar oundpr ocessest of aci l i t at el owv ol ume, hi ghv ar i et ypr ocessesi scal l eda( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . pr ocessf ocus( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 78. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sapr ocessst r at egyt hatusesapr oduct or i ent edpr oduct i onpr ocesst hat usesmodul es. Repet i t i v ef ocus( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 79. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sar api d, l owcostpr oduct i onpr ocesst hatcat er st oconst ant l ychangi ng uni quecust omerdesi r es. Masscust omi zat i on( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 80. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _r epr esentanor gani zat i on' sat t emptt ogai ni ncr easedef f i ci encyt hr ough CLXI speci al i zat i on, whi chcani ncl ude, f orexampl e, concent r at i ngoncer t ai ncl assesof cust omer s. Focusedpr ocesses( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 81. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _usessy mbol st oanal y zet hemov ementofpeopl eormat er i al . pr ocesschar t( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, easy ) 82. Aspeci al f or m oft i mef unct i onmappi ng, whi chgoesbey ondt heor gani zat i oni nt oi t s suppl ychai n, i s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . v al uest r eam mappi ng( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 83. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sapr ocessanal y si st echni quet hatf ocusesont hecust omerandt he pr oducer ' si nt er act i onwi t ht hecust omer . Ser v i cebl uepr i nt i ng( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, easy ) 84. Thest r at egyf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t yt hatcust omi zesatdel i v er y , r at hert hanat pr oduct i on, i s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . post ponement( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 85. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i nv ol v est heabi l i t yt or espondwi t hl i t t l epenal t yi nt i me, cost , orcust omer v al ue. Fl exi bi l i t y( Sel ect i onofequi pmentandt echnol ogy , moder at e) 86. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st heuseofi nf or mat i ont echnol ogyt ocont r ol aphy si cal pr ocess. Pr ocesscont r ol ( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 87. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sacomput er cont r ol l edwar ehouset hatpr ov i desf ort heaut omat i c pl acementofpar t si nt oandf r om desi gnat edpl aceswi t hi nt hewar ehouse. Aut omat edst or ageandr et r i ev al sy st em orASRS( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 88. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _usesanaut omat edwor kcel l cont r ol l edbyel ect r oni csi gnal sf r om a commoncent r al i zedcomput erf aci l i t y . f l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st em orFMS( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 89. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st hef undament al r et hi nki ngandr adi cal r edesi gnofbusi nesspr ocesses t obr i ngaboutdr amat i ci mpr ov ement si nper f or mance. Pr ocessr eengi neer i ng( Pr ocessr edesi gn, moder at e) SHORTANSWERS 90. Whati sDel l Comput er ' ssour ceofcompet i t i v eadv ant age?I nashor tpar agr aph, expl ai n someoft hest epsDel l hast akent odev el opt hi sadv ant age. Del l ' scompet i t i v eadv ant agei si ni t spr ocessst r at egy , whi chi smasscust omi zat i on.Del l spendsmostofi t sr esear chbudgetonef f i ci enti nst al l at i onandconf i gur at i onofPCs, r at hert hanonnewcomput erpar t s.Del l bui l dsPCsonl ywhenor der ed.Del l ut i l i zes v ar i ousmet hodst okeepi nv ent or yl ow.Del l ut i l i zest heI nt er nett oenhancepr oduct i v i t y ( Gl obal companypr of i l e, moder at e) CLXI I 91. Whyi sHar l ey Dav i dsoni dent i f i edasar epet i t i v emanuf act ur er , notamasscust omi zer ? Har l ey Dav i dsonmanuf act ur esav ar i et yofmot or cy cl esonanassembl yl i ne.Theyar enot apr oduct f ocusedpr ocess.Whi l eHar l ey Dav i dson' smot or cy cl esdi spl ayl ot sofv ar i et y , t heyar enotasi ndi v i dual i zedasDel l ' sper sonal comput er s.Thev ar i et ycomesf r om choi cesi npr edef i nedmodul es, andt her ei sappar ent l ynopl acef oracust omert oget cust omi zat i ont hatwoul dgobey ondwhati sav ai l abl ei nt hesemodul es.( Fourpr ocess st r at egi es, moder at e) 92. Whati st hel i nkbet weenf ocusedpr ocessesandspeci al i zat i on?Whatki ndsoff ocusar e possi bl e? Focusedpr ocessesar eameansofobt ai ni ngi ncr easedpr oduct i v i t yt hr oughf or msof speci al i zat i on.Focuscant akesev er al f or ms, i ncl udi ngconcent r at i ngonspeci f i ccl asses ofcust omer s, wor ki ngonl ywi t hpr oduct si nsel ect edpr oductf ami l i es, speci al i zi ngi na speci f i cser v i ce, orwor ki ngwi t hanar r owr angeoft echnol ogy .( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 93. Descr i beVal ueSt r eam Mappi ng.Expl ai nhowi ti sdi f f er entf r om pr ocessmappi ng. Val ueSt r eam Mappi ngi sav ar i at i onont i mef unct i onmappi ngorpr ocessmappi ng.The mostf undament al di f f er encebet weent hem i st hatVal ueSt r eam Mappi ngi snotconf i ned t ot heor gani zat i oni t sel f .I npar t i cul ar , i ni t sanal y si sofwher ev al uei sadded, i text ends t heanal y si st ot heor gani zat i on' ssuppl ychai n.( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 94. Howar emodul esusef ul i nmanuf act ur i ngpr ocesses? Modul esar epar t sorcomponent sofapr oductpr ev i ousl ypr epar ed.Byusi ngmodul es, t hepr oductcanbequi ckl yassembl ed.Usi ngadi f f er entcombi nat i onofmodul esal l ows f orquasi cust omi zat i on.( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 95. Whati smasscust omi zat i on? Masscust omi zat i oni sr api d, l owcostpr oduct i onofgoodsandser v i cest hatf ul f i l l i ncr easi ngl yuni quecust omerdesi r es.I tbr i ngsust hev ar i et yofpr oduct st r adi t i onal l y pr ov i dedbyt hepr ocessf ocus, wi t hl owcost sassoci at edwi t hst andar di zedhi ghv ol ume pr oduct i on( t hepr oductf ocus) .( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 96. Namet hef ourbasi cpr ocessst r at egi es; descr i bet hem i nacompl et esent enceort wo each. Thef ourpr ocessst r at egi esar epr ocessf ocus, pr oductf ocus, r epet i t i v ef ocus, andmass cust omi zat i on.Pr ocessi saj obshophi ghv ar i et yandl owv ol ume; r epet i t i v ei san assembl yl i ner el at i v el yst andar di zedpr oduct swi t hopt i onsf r om modul es; pr oducti sf or hi ghv ol ume, l owv ar i et y , suchasoi l r ef i ni ng, f l ourmi l l i ng; masscust omi zat i oni sf orhi gh v ol ume, hi ghv ar i et y .( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 97. Whyi sequi pmentut i l i zat i oni npr ocessf ocusedser v i cei ndust r i esof t enl ow? Equi pmentut i l i zat i oni sl owbecauseexcesscapaci t yt omeetpeakdemandl oadsi sof t en desi r abl e, andschedul i ngi st y pi cal l ydi f f i cul t .( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 98. Compar eani nt er mi t t entpr ocesst oacont i nuouspr ocessont hebasi sofv ar i et y , v ol ume, equi pmentut i l i zat i on, andi nv ent or y . I nt er mi t t enthashi ghv ar i et y , l owv ol ume, l owut i l i zat i on, gener al pur poseequi pment . Si ncemostout puti smadet oor der , t her ei sl i t t l ei nv ent or yofr awmat er i al sorf i ni shed goods.Cont i nuoushasl owv ar i et y , hi ghv ol ume, hi ghut i l i zat i on, andspeci al i zed CLXI I I equi pment .Just i nt i mepr act i ceskeepi nv ent or yv er yl ow.( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 99. Thet ext bookdescr i bedf ourbasi cpr ocessmodel s, andhi nt edt hatt her ear eot her s. Const r uctanexampl eofahy br i dpr ocess.Cant hi spr ocessbeappl i edi nanywel l known or gani zat i on?Howcommondoy out hi nkhy br i dpr ocessesar e? Mostst udent swi l l gr af tel ement sofpr ocessont oel ement sofpr oductorr epet i t i v e. Exampl esmayi ncl udef oodser v i ce, wher e" pr ocess"mayt y pi f ymostoper at i ons, but sal adbar saddanel ementof" r epet i t i v e. "I nheal t hcar e, hy br i dsofpr ocessandr epet i t i v e canr eadi l ybef ound.( Fourpr ocessst r at egi es, moder at e) 100.I nanaf f l uentsoci et y , howdowepr oduceawi denumberofopt i onsf orpr oduct satl ow cost ? I nanaf f l uentsoci et ywepr oduceawi dev ar i et yofopt i onsf orpr oduct satl owcost , pr i mar i l ybyuseofmodul arcomponent sassembl edi nr epet i t i v ef aci l i t i es, butaut omat i on i sal l owi ngmor eov er l apofdi f f er entt y pesofpr oduct i onpr ocesses.( Fourpr ocess st r at egi es, moder at e) 101.Namet het ool sofpr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn.Descr i bet hem i nasent enceort woeach. Fourt ool sofpr ocessanal y si sanddesi gni ncl udef l owdi agr ams, t i mef unct i onmappi ng, pr ocesschar t s, andser v i cebl uepr i nt i ng.Fl owdi agr amsar easchemat i cordr awi ngof t hemov ementofmat er i al , pr oduct , orpeopl e.Ti mef unct i onmappi ngi saf l owdi agr am, wi t ht headdi t i onoft i meont hehor i zont al axi s.Pr ocesschar t susesy mbol s, t i me, and di st ancet opr ov i deanobj ect i v eandst r uct ur edwayt oanal y zeandr ecor dt heact i v i t i es t hatmakeupapr ocess.Ser v i cebl uepr i nt i ngf ocusesont hecust omerandt hepr ov i der ' s i nt er act i onwi t ht hecust omer .( Pr ocessanal y si sanddesi gn, moder at e) 102.Pr ov i deanexampl eoft hef ocusst r at egyf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t y . Thef ocusst r at egyr ef er st or est r i ct i ngt heof f er i ngs.Exampl eswi l l v ar y , butar est aur ant wi t hal i mi t edmenuwoul dbeoneexampl e.( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 103.Pr ov i deanexampl eoft hepost ponementst r at egyf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t y . Thepost ponementst r at egyr ef er st ocust omi zi ngt hepr oductatdel i v er y , notat pr oduct i on.Exampl eswi l l v ar y , butahomebui l dermi ghtl eav esomet asksunf i ni shed unt i l t hehousei ssol d, sot hatt hebuy ercanmaket hosef i nal deci si ons.Car pet i ng, pai nt col or s, cabi netdoor s, andsomeappl i ancechoi cesmi ghtbegoodexampl es.( Ser v i ce pr ocessdesi gn, moder at e) 104.Li stt het y pi cal el ement si napr ocesscont r ol sy st em. Sensor scol l ectdat a; anal ogdev i cesr eaddat aonaper i odi cbasi s; measur ement sar e di gi t i zedandt r ansmi t t edt oacomput er ; dat aar eanal y zed; andout putoccur si nt hef or m ofsi gnal s, di agr ams, char t s, messages, et c.( Pr oduct i ont echnol ogy , moder at e) 105.Li stt headv ancesbei ngmadei nt echnol ogyt oenhancepr oduct i on. Technol ogyusedt oenhancepr oduct i oni ncl udenumer i cal cont r ol , pr ocesscont r ol , v i si on sy st ems, r obot s, aut omat edst or ageandr et r i ev al sy st ems, aut omat edgui dedv ehi cl es, f l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st ems, andcomput eri nt egr at edmanuf act ur i ng.( Pr oduct i on t echnol ogy , moder at e) 106.Li stt het echni quesf ori mpr ov i ngser v i cepr oduct i v i t y .Foranyt wot echni ques, descr i bei n CLXI V ashor tpar agr aph, andi ncl udeanexampl e. Thesev ent echni quesar esepar at i on, sel f ser v i ce, post ponement , f ocus, modul es, aut omat i on, schedul i ng, andt r ai ni ng.  Separ at i on: st r uct ur i ngt heser v i cesucht hatt hecust omermustgowher et heser v i ce i sof f er ed( amedi cal f aci l i t y )  Sel f ser v i ce: l etcust omer sper f or mt hei rowncompar i sons( super mar ketshoppi ng)  Post ponement : cust omi zi ngatt i meofdel i v er yori nt hef i nal st agesoft hepr ocess ( deal eri nst al l edv er susf act or yi nst al l edopt i onsonaut omobi l es, boat s, et c. ; Wendy ' s Hambur ger s)  Focus: r est r i ct i ngt hepr oductof f er i ngs, opt i ons, ordegr eeofcust omi zat i onal l owed ( l i mi t ednumberoff act or yi nst al l edopt i onsonanewaut omobi l e)  Modul es: ser v i cessel ect edf r om modul archoi ces( heal t hi nsur ancepr ogr ams)  Aut omat i on: i dent i f y i ngser v i cest hatmayl endt hemsel v est oaut omat i on( aut omat i c t el l ermachi nes)  Schedul i ng: pr eci seper sonnel schedul i ng( keepcl osewat chonhowmanycheckout l anesar eneeded)  Tr ai ni ng: cl ar i f y i ngopt i ons, t eachi ngpr obl em av oi dance( mai nt enanceper sonnel , counsel or s)( Ser v i cepr ocessdesi gn, di f f i cul t ) 107.Expl ai n, i ny ourownwor ds, whataf l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st em i s.Li stt hebenef i t sof f l exi bl emanuf act ur i ngsy st ems. AnFMSi sasy st em usi nganaut omat edwor kcel l cont r ol l edbyel ect r oni csi gnal sf r om a commoncent r al i zedcomput erf aci l i t y .Benef i t sofanFMSi ncl udei mpr ov edcapi t al ut i l i zat i on, l owdi r ectl aborcost , r educedi nv ent or y , andconsi st entqual i t y .( Pr oduct i on t echnol ogy , moder at e) 108.Whati spr ocessr edesi gn?Wheni si tcal l edf or ?Ci t eanexampl e. Pr ocessr edesi gni st hef undament al r et hi nki ngofbusi nesspr ocessest obr i ngabout dr amat i ci mpr ov ement si nper f or mance.I ti sneededwhenev eranor gani zat i ondi scov er s t hatt heunder l y i ngassumpt i onsofi t spr ocessar enol ongerv al i d.Oneexampl emi ghtbe t hatt echnol ogi cal adv anceshav emadet hecur r entpr ocessi nappr opr i at e; whathadbeen doneatpr oduct i oncannowbedoneatdel i v er ybyt hecust omer .( Pr ocessr edesi gn, moder at e) 109.Li stf i v eexampl esoft echnol ogy ' si mpactonser v i ces.Speci f i cal l y , i dent i f yoneoft hese whi chhasl edt ol aborcostr educt i ons.Di scussbr i ef l y .Cany ouaddani t em, noti dent i f i ed i nt het ext book, t ot hi sl i st ? Text booki dent i f i esaboutt hr eedozenexampl es.St udent smayaddexampl esl i ke Poi nt Cast( orot her" push"i nf or mat i ont echnol ogi es) , Amazon. com ( f ul l yel ect r oni c I nt er net basedshoppi ng) , orexampl esf r om ent er t ai nment( v i deogami ng, net wor k gami ng) .( Technol ogyi nser v i ces, moder at e) 110.Whydomoder noper at i onsmanager sl ookf orf l exi bi l i t yi nt hei requi pment ? Fl exi bi l i t yi nequi pmentpr ov i desmanager st heabi l i t yt or espondt ochangesi ndemand wi t hl i t t l epenal t yi nt i me, cost , orcust omerv al ue.( Sel ect i onofequi pmentand t echnol ogy , moder at e) CLXV 111.Howar eenv i r onment al i ssuesl i nkedt ot hepr ocesschoi ce?Won' tbei ngan env i r onment al l yconsci ousf i r m dr i v eupcost sandt akeawayanycompet i t i v eadv ant age? Di scuss, wi t hexampl est osuppor ty ourposi t i on. Env i r onment al i ssuesar edi r ect l yonpoi nti nt hepr ocessdeci si on.Thepr ocesschoi ce sel ect sequi pmentt hathasemi ssi ons, cr eat eswast ei nwor kori npackagi ng, et c.Notal l env i r onment al l yconsci ousact i v i t i esar ecost addi ng.Butev eni ft heywer e, costi snott he onl yt hi ngaf f ect ed.Cust omer smaybeat t r act edt opr oduct st hatar emadef r om r ecy cl ed mat er i al s, ort hatar emor er ecy cl abl e.Thi st r ansl at esi nt or ev enueenhancement , notan el ementofcost .Thecompet i t i v eadv ant agecent er sont hecust omer , nott hecost . ( Env i r onment al l yf r i endl ypr ocesses, moder at e) PROBLEMS 112.Apr oducti scur r ent l ymadei napr ocessf ocusedshop, wher ef i xedcost sar e$9, 000per y earandv ar i abl ecosti s$50peruni t .Thef i r mi sconsi der i ngaf undament al shi f ti n pr ocess, t or epet i t i v emanuf act ur e.Thenewpr ocesswoul dhav ef i xedcost sof$90, 000, andv ar i abl ecost sof$5.Whati st hecr ossov erpoi ntf ort hesepr ocesses?Forwhatr ange ofout put si seachpr ocessappr opr i at e? Thecr ossov eri sat1800uni t sannual l y .Forv ol umesunder1800, t hepr ocessf ocusi s cheaper ; f orv ol umesov er1800uni t s, t her epet i t i v ef ocusi scheaper .( Fourpr ocess choi ces, moder at e) 113.Bi gJohn' sManuf act ur i ngcur r ent l ypr oducesi t sl eadpr oductonamachi net hathasa v ar i abl ecostof$0. 32peruni t , andf i xedcost sof$75, 000.Bi gJohni sconsi der i ng pur chasi nganewmachi net hatwi l l dr opt hev ar i abl ecostt o$. 28peruni t , buthasaf i xed costof$150, 000.Whati st hecr ossov erpoi ntbet weent het womachi nes? 1, 875, 000uni t s( Fourpr ocesschoi ces, moder at e) 114.Thel ocal conv eni encest or emakesper sonal panpi zzas.Cur r ent l y , t hei rpr ocessmakes compl et epi zzas, f ul l ycooked, f ort hecust omer .Thi spr ocesshasaf i xedcostof$20, 000, andav ar i abl ecostof$1. 75perpi zza.Theowneri sconsi der i ngadi f f er entpr ocesst hat canmakepi zzasi nt woway s:compl et el ycooked( asbef or e) , orpar t i al l ycookedandt hen f l ashf r ozen, f ort hecust omert of i ni shathome.Thi sal t er nat epr ocesshasaf i xedcostof $24, 000, butal owerv ar i abl ecost( becausemuchl essener gyi susedi nbaki ng)of$1. 25 perpi zza. a.Whati st hecr ossov erpoi ntbet weent heexi st i ngpr ocessandt hepr oposedpr ocess? b.I ft heownerexpect st osel l 9, 000pi zzas, shoul dhegett henewov en? ( a)t hecr ossov eri s8, 000uni t s( b)f orpr oduct i onquant i t i esof8, 000orl ar ger , t henew, mor ef l exi bl epr ocesshasl owercost .( Fourpr ocesschoi ces, moder at e) 115.Af i r mi saboutt ounder t aket hemanuf act ur eofapr oduct , andi swei ghi ngt hepr ocess conf i gur at i onopt i ons.Ther ear et woi nt er mi t t entpr ocessesunderconsi der at i on, aswel l asar epet i t i v ef ocus.Thesmal l eri nt er mi t t entpr ocesshasf i xedcost sof$3, 000per mont h, andv ar i abl ecost sof$10peruni t .Thel ar geri nt er mi t t entpr ocesshasf i xedcost s of$12, 000andv ar i abl ecost sof$2peruni t .Ar epet i t i v ef ocuspl anthasf i xedcost sof $50, 000andv ar i abl ecost sof$1peruni t . a.Atwhatout putdoest hel ar gei nt er mi t t entpr ocessbecomecheapert hant hesmal l one? b.Atwhatout putdoest her epet i t i v epr ocessbecomecheapert hant hel ar geri nt er mi t t ent pr ocess? CLXVI ( a)at1125uni t s, t hel ar gej obshopbecomescheapert hant hesmal l j obshop; ( b)at 38, 000uni t s, t her epet i t i v eshopi scheapert hant hel ar gerj obshop.( Fourpr ocess choi ces, moder at e) 116.Anor gani zat i oni sconsi der i ngt hr eepr ocessconf i gur at i onopt i ons.Ther ear et wo di f f er enti nt er mi t t entpr ocesses, aswel l asar epet i t i v ef ocus.Thesmal l eri nt er mi t t ent pr ocesshasf i xedcost sof$3, 000permont h, andv ar i abl ecost sof$10peruni t .The l ar geri nt er mi t t entpr ocesshasf i xedcost sof$12, 000permont handv ar i abl ecost sof$2 peruni t .Ar epet i t i v ef ocuspl anthasf i xedcost sof$50, 000andv ar i abl ecost sof$1per uni t . a.I ft hecompanypr oduced20, 000uni t s, whatwoul dbei t scostundereachoft het hr ee choi ces? b.Whi chpr ocessof f er st hel owestcostt opr oduce40, 000uni t s?Whati st hatcost ? ( a)at20, 000uni t s, t hecost sar esmal l i nt er mi t t ent=$203, 000; l ar gei nt er mi t t ent= $52, 000; andr epet i t i v e=$70, 000( b)at40, 000uni t s, r epet i t i v epr ocessi scheapest , at $90, 000( smal l i nt er mi t t ent=$403, 000, andl ar gei nt er mi t t ent=$92, 000) .( Fourpr ocess choi ces, moder at e) 117.Apr oducti scur r ent l ymadei napr ocessf ocusedshop, wher ef i xedcost sar e$8, 000per y earandv ar i abl ecosti s$40peruni t .Thef i r m cur r ent l ysel l s200uni t soft hepr oductat $200peruni t .Amanageri sconsi der i ngar epet i t i v ef ocust ol owercost s( andl ower pr i ces, t husr ai si ngdemand) .Thecost soft hi spr oposedshopar ef i xedcost s=$24, 000 pery earandv ar i abl ecost s=$10peruni t .I fapr i ceof$80wi l l al l ow400uni t st obesol d, whatpr of i t( orl oss)cant hi spr oposednewpr ocessexpect ?Doy ouant i ci pat et hatt he managerwi l l wantt ochanget hepr ocess?Expl ai n. Ol d: TR=$40, 000, TC=$16, 000, t her ef or ePr of i t=$24, 000. New: TR=$80x400=$32, 000, TC=$24, 000+$10x400=$28, 000, f orapr of i tof$4, 000. Mostwi l l sayNO; t hel ar gerr epet i t i v epr ocessi sl esspr of i t abl et hant hesmal l erpr ocessf ocusedshop.( Fourpr ocesschoi ces, moder at e) CLXVI I