Chapter 6 Managing Quality

CHAPTER6: MANAGI NGQUALI TY TRUE/ FALSE 1. Manager satAr nol dPal merHospi t al t akequal i t ysoser i ousl yt hatt hehospi t al t y pi cal l yi s anat i onal l eaderi nsev er al qual i t yar eas—sot hatcont i nuousi mpr ov ementi snol onger necessar y . Fal se( Gl obal companypr of i l e, moder at e) 2. Ani mpr ov ementi nqual i t ymustnecessar i l yi ncr easecost s. Fal se( Qual i t yandst r at egy , easy ) 3. Formost , i fnotal l or gani zat i ons, qual i t yi sat act i cal r at hert hanast r at egi ci ssue. Fal se( Qual i t yandst r at egy , moder at e) 4. Thedef i ni t i onofqual i t yadopt edbyTheAmer i canSoci et yf orQual i t yCont r ol i sa cust omer or i ent eddef i ni t i on. Tr ue( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 5. Conf or mi ngt ost andar dsi st hef ocusoft hepr oduct baseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y . Fal se( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 6. I nt er nal f ai l ur ecost sar eassoci at edwi t hscr ap, r ewor k, anddownt i me. Tr ue( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 7. Phi l i pCr osbyi scr edi t edwi t hbot hoft hesequal i t ycat chphr ases: " qual i t yi sf r ee"and " zer odef ect s. " Tr ue( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 8. Demi ng' swr i t i ngsonqual i t yt endt of ocusont hecust omerandonf i t nessf oruse, unl i ke Jur an' swor kt hati sor i ent edt owar dmeet i ngspeci f i cat i ons. Fal se( def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 9. Thedel i v er yofqual i t ypr oduct sandser v i cest ocust omer si si mpor t ant , f orr easonst hat i ncl udepr of i t abi l i t yaswel l associ al r esponsi bi l i t y . Tr ue( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 10. I SO9000hasev ol v edf r om asetofqual i t yassur ancest andar dst owar daqual i t y managementsy st em. Tr ue( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 11. Qual i t yi smost l yt hebusi nessoft hequal i t ycont r ol st af f , notor di nar yempl oy ees. Fal se( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 12. TQM i si mpor t antbecausequal i t yi nf l uencesal l oft het endeci si onsmadebyoper at i ons manager s. Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 13. Thephr aseSi xSi gmahast womeani ngs.Onei sst at i st i cal , r ef er r i ngt oanext r emel yhi gh CI I I pr ocesscapabi l i t y ; t heot heri sacompr ehensi v esy st em f orachi ev i ngandsust ai ni ng busi nesssuccess. Tr ue( Qual i t yandst r at egy , moder at e) 14. Cont i nuousi mpr ov ementi sbasedont hephi l osophyt hatanyaspectofanor gani zat i on canbei mpr ov ed. Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 15. Kai zeni ssi mi l art oTQM i nt hatbot har ef ocusedoncont i nuousi mpr ov ement . Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 16. TheJapaneseuset het er m" pokay oke"t or ef ert ocont i nuousi mpr ov ement . Fal se( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 17. Qual i t yci r cl esempowerempl oy eest oi mpr ov epr oduct i v i t ybyf i ndi ngsol ut i onst owor kr el at edpr obl emsi nt hei rwor kar ea. Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 18. Benchmar ki ngr equi r est hecompar i sonofy ourf i r mt oot heror gani zat i ons; i ti snot appr opr i at et obenchmar kbycompar i ngoneofy ourdi v i si onst oanot herofy ourdi v i si ons. Fal se( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 19. Li neempl oy eesneedt heknowl edgeofTQM t ool s. Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , easy ) 20. Oneoft heway st hatJust I nTi me( orJI T)i nf l uencesqual i t yi st hatbyr educi ngi nv ent or y , badqual i t yi sexposed. Tr ue( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 21. Thequal i t yl ossf unct i oni ndi cat est hatcost sr el at edt opoorqual i t yar el owasl ongast he pr oducti swi t hi naccept abl especi f i cat i onl i mi t s. Fal se( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 22. Par et ochar t sar eagr aphi cal wayofi dent i f y i ngt hef ewcr i t i cal i t emsf r om t hemanyl ess i mpor t antones. Tr ue( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 23. Acauseandef f ectdi agr am hel psi dent i f yt hesour ceofapr obl em. Tr ue( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 24. Sour cei nspect i oni si nf er i ort oi nspect i onbef or ecost l yoper at i ons. Fal se( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 25. Oft hesev er al det er mi nant sofser v i cequal i t y , accessi st heonet hatr el at est okeepi ng cust omer si nf or medi nl anguaget heycanunder st and. Fal se( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) 26. Thequal i t yofser v i cesi smor edi f f i cul tt omeasur et hant hequal i t yofgoodsbecause bot ht hei nt angi bl edi f f er encesbet weenser v i cepr oduct sandconsumer s' i nt angi bl e CI V expect at i onsar epoor l ydef i ned. Tr ue( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) MULTI PLECHOI CE 27. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr egar di ngAr nol dPal merHospi t al i sf al se? a.Thehospi t al usesawi der angeofqual i t ymanagementt echni ques. b.Thecul t ur eofqual i t yatt hehospi t al i ncl udesempl oy eesatal l l ev el s. c. Thehospi t al scor esv er yhi ghl yi nnat i onal st udi esofpat i entsat i sf act i on. d.Thehospi t al ' shi ghqual i t yi smeasur edbyl owr eadmi ssi onr at es, notpat i ent sat i sf act i on. e. Thedesi gnofpat i entr ooms, ev enwal l col or s, r ef l ect st hehospi t al ' scul t ur eofqual i t y . d( Gl obal companypr of i l e, moder at e) 28. Ar nol dPal merHospi t al useswhi choft hef ol l owi ngqual i t ymanagementt echni ques? a.Par et ochar t s b.f l owchar t s c. benchmar ki ng d.Just i nTi me e. Thehospi t al usesal l oft heabov et echni ques. e( Gl obal companypr of i l e, easy ) 29. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sbestdescr i best her el at i onshi pbet weenqual i t y managementandpr oductst r at egy ? a.Pr oductst r at egyi ssetbyt opmanagement ; qual i t ymanagementi sani ndependent act i v i t y . b.Qual i t ymanagementi si mpor t antt ot hel owcostpr oductst r at egy , butnott ot he r esponseordi f f er ent i at i onst r at egi es. c. Hi ghqual i t yi si mpor t antt oal l t hr eest r at egi es, buti ti snotacr i t i cal successf act or . d.Managi ngqual i t yhel psbui l dsuccessf ul pr oductst r at egi es. e. Compani eswi t ht hehi ghestmeasur esofqual i t ywer enomor epr oduct i v et hanot her f i r ms. d( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 30. " Qual i t yi sdef i nedbyt hecust omer "i s a.anunr eal i st i cdef i ni t i onofqual i t y b.auser baseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y c. amanuf act ur i ngbaseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y d.apr oduct baseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y e. t hedef i ni t i onpr oposedbyt heAmer i canSoci et yf orQual i t y b( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 31. " Maki ngi tr i ghtt hef i r stt i me"i s a.anunr eal i st i cdef i ni t i onofqual i t y b.auser baseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y c. amanuf act ur i ngbaseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y d.apr oduct baseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y e. t hedef i ni t i onpr oposedbyt heAmer i canSoci et yf orQual i t y c( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) CV 32. Thr eebr oadcat egor i esofdef i ni t i onsofqual i t yar e a.pr oductqual i t y , ser v i cequal i t y , andor gani zat i onal qual i t y b.user based, manuf act ur i ngbased, andpr oduct based c. i nt er nal , ext er nal , andpr ev ent i on d.l owcost , r esponse, anddi f f er ent i at i on e. Par et o, Shewhar t , andDemi ng b( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 33. Accor di ngt ot hemanuf act ur i ngbaseddef i ni t i onofqual i t y , a.qual i t yi st hedegr eeofexcel l enceatanaccept abl epr i ceandt hecont r ol ofv ar i abi l i t y atanaccept abl ecost b.qual i t ydependsonhowwel l t hepr oductf i t spat t er nsofconsumerpr ef er ences c. ev ent houghqual i t ycannotbedef i ned, y ouknowwhati ti s d.qual i t yi st hedegr eet owhi chaspeci f i cpr oductconf or mst ost andar ds e. qual i t yl i esi nt heey esoft hebehol der d( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 34. Ther ol eofqual i t yi nl i mi t i ngaf i r m' spr oductl i abi l i t yi si l l ust r at edby a.ensur i ngt hatcont ami nat edpr oduct ssuchasi mpur ef oodsdonotr eachcust omer s b.ensur i ngt hatpr oduct smeetst andar dssuchast hoseoft heConsumerPr oductSaf et y Act c. desi gni ngsaf epr oduct st ol i mi tpossi bl ehar mt oconsumer s d.usi ngpr ocessest hatmakepr oduct sassaf eorasdur abl east hei rdesi gn speci f i cat i onscal l f or e. Al l oft heabov ear ev al i d. e( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 35. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotoneoft hemaj orcat egor i esofcost sassoci at edwi t hqual i t y ? a.pr ev ent i oncost s b.appr ai sal cost s c. i nt er nal f ai l ur es d.ext er nal f ai l ur es e. noneoft heabov e; t heyar eal l maj orcat egor i esofcost sassoci at edwi t hqual i t y e( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 36. Al l oft hef ol l owi ngcost sar el i kel yt odecr easeasar esul tofbet t erqual i t yexcept a.cust omerdi ssat i sf act i oncost s b.i nspect i oncost s c. scr apcost s d.war r ant yandser v i cecost s e. mai nt enancecost s e( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 37. I nspect i on, scr ap, andr epai rar eexampl esof a.i nt er nal cost s b.ext er nal cost s c. cost sofdi ssat i sf act i on d.pr ev ent i oncost s CVI e. soci et al cost s a( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 38. " Empl oy eescannotpr oducegoodst hatonav er ageexceedt hequal i t yofwhatt hepr ocess i scapabl eofpr oduci ng"expr essesabasi cel ementi nt hewr i t i ngsof a.Vi l f r edoPar et o b.Adam Smi t h c. JosephM.Jur an d.W.Edwar dsDemi ng e. Phi l i pB.Cr osby d( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 39. " Qual i t yI sFr ee, "meani ngt hatt hecost sofpoorqual i t yhav ebeenunder st at ed, i st hewor k of a.Fr ankGi l br et h b.Fr ankandLi l l i anGi l br et h c. Phi l i pB.Cr osby d.Cr osby , St i l l s, andNash e. noneoft heabov e c( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 40. Thephi l osophyofzer odef ect si s a.t her esul tofDemi ng' sr esear ch b.unr eal i st i c c. pr ohi bi t i v el ycost l y d.anul t i mat egoal ; i npr act i ce, 1t o2%def ect si saccept abl e e. consi st entwi t ht hecommi t mentt ocont i nuousi mpr ov ement e( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 41. Basedonhi s14Poi nt s, Demi ngi sast r ongpr oponentof a.i nspect i onatt heendoft hepr oduct i onpr ocess b.ani ncr easei nnumer i cal quot ast oboostpr oduct i v i t y c. l ooki ngf ort hecheapestsuppl i er d.t r ai ni ngandknowl edge e. al l oft heabov e d( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 42. St akehol der swhoar eaf f ect edbyt hepr oduct i onandmar ket i ngofpoorqual i t ypr oduct s i ncl ude a.st ockhol der s, empl oy ees, andcust omer s b.suppl i er sandcr edi t or s, butnotdi st r i but or s c. onl yst ockhol der s, cr edi t or s, andowner s d.suppl i er sanddi st r i but or s, butnotcust omer s e. onl yst ockhol der sandor gani zat i onal execut i v esandmanager s a( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 43. Regar di ngt hequal i t yofdesi gn, pr oduct i on, anddi st r i but i onofpr oduct s, anet hi cal r equi r ementf ormanagementi st o a.det er mi newhet heranyoft heor gani zat i on' sst akehol der sar ev i ol at edbypoorqual i t y CVI I pr oduct s b.gai nI SO14000cer t i f i cat i onf ort heor gani zat i on c. obt ai napr oductsaf et ycer t i f i cat ef r om t heConsumerPr oductSaf et yCommi ssi on d.hav et heor gani zat i on' sl egal st af fwr i t edi scl ai mer si nt hepr oducti nst r uct i onbookl et s e. compar et hecostofpr oductl i abi l i t yt ot heext er nal f ai l ur ecost a( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 44. I SO9000seeksst andar di zat i oni nt er msof a.pr oduct s b.pr oduct i onpr ocedur es c. suppl i er s' speci f i cat i ons d.pr ocedur est omanagequal i t y e. al l oft heabov e d( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 45. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ueaboutI SO14000cer t i f i cat i on? a.I ti snotapr er equi si t ef orI SO9000cer t i f i cat i on. b.I tdeal swi t henv i r onment al management . c. I tof f er sagoodsy st emat i cappr oacht opol l ut i onpr ev ent i on. d.Oneofi t scor eel ement si sl i f ecy cl eassessment . e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 46. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ueaboutI SO14000cer t i f i cat i on? a.I ti sapr er equi si t ef orI SO9000cer t i f i cat i on. b.I ti ndi cat esahi gherl ev el ofadher encet ost andar dst hanI SO9000. c. I ti sonl ysoughtbycompani esexpor t i ngt hei rgoods. d.I tdeal swi t henv i r onment al management . e. I ti sofl i t t l ei nt er estt oEur opeancompani es. d( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 47. TobecomeI SO9000cer t i f i ed, or gani zat i onsmust a.documentqual i t ypr ocedur es b.hav eanonsi t eassessment c. hav eanongoi ngser i esofaudi t soft hei rpr oduct sorser v i ce d.al l oft heabov e e. noneoft heabov e d( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 48. Tot al qual i t ymanagementemphasi zes a.t her esponsi bi l i t yoft hequal i t ycont r ol st af ft oi dent i f yandsol v eal l qual i t y r el at ed pr obl ems b.acommi t mentt oqual i t yt hatgoesbey ondi nt er nal companyi ssuest osuppl i er sand cust omer s c. asy st em wher est r ongmanager sar et heonl ydeci si onmaker s d.apr ocesswher emost l yst at i st i ci ansgeti nv ol v ed e. I SO14000cer t i f i cat i on b( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 49. Asuccessf ul TQM pr ogr am i ncor por at esal l oft hef ol l owi ngexcept CVI I I a.cont i nuousi mpr ov ement b.empl oy eei nv ol v ement c. benchmar ki ng d.cent r al i zeddeci si onmaki ngaut hor i t y e. noneoft heabov e; asuccessf ul TQM pr ogr am i ncor por at esal l oft heabov e d( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 50. " Kai zen"i saJapaneset er m meani ng a.af ool pr oofmechani sm b.j ust i nt i me( JI T) c. af i shbonedi agr am d.set t i ngst andar ds e. cont i nuousi mpr ov ement e( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , easy ) 51. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sr egar di ng" Si xSi gma"i st r ue? a.Thet er m hast wodi st i nctmeani ngs—onei sst at i st i cal ; t heot heri sacompr ehensi v e sy st em. b.Si xSi gmameanst hatabout99per centofaf i r m' sout puti sf r eeofdef ect s. c. TheSi xSi gmapr ogr am wasdev el opedbyToy ot ai nt he1970' s. d.TheSi xSi gmapr ogr am i sf ormanuf act ur i ngf i r ms, andi snotappl i cabl et oser v i ces. e. Si xSi gmacer t i f i cat i oni sgr ant edbyt heI nt er nat i onal St andar dsOr gani zat i on( I SO) . a( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 52. Qual i t yci r cl esmember sar e a.pai daccor di ngt ot hei rcont r i but i ont oqual i t y b.ext er nal consul t ant sdesi gnedt opr ov i det r ai ni ngi nt heuseofqual i t yt ool s c. al way smachi neoper at or s d.al l t r ai nedt obef aci l i t at or s e. noneoft heabov e; al l oft hest at ement sar ef al se e( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 53. Techni quesf orbui l di ngempl oy eeempower menti ncl ude a.bui l di ngcommuni cat i onnet wor kst hati ncl udeempl oy ees b.dev el opi ngopen, suppor t i v esuper v i sor s c. mov i ngr esponsi bi l i t yf r om bot hmanager sandst af ft opr oduct i onempl oy ees d.bui l di nghi ghmor al eor gani zat i ons e. Al l oft heabov ear et echni quesf orempl oy eeempower ment . e( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 54. Bui l di nghi ghmor al eor gani zat i onsandbui l di ngcommuni cat i onnet wor kst hati ncl ude empl oy eesar ebot hel ement sof a.I SO9000cer t i f i cat i on b.Si xSi gmacer t i f i cat i on c. empl oy eeempower ment d.Taguchi met hods e. t het ool sofTQM c( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) CI X 55. Thepr ocessofi dent i f y i ngot heror gani zat i onst hatar ebestatsomef acetofy our oper at i onsandt henmodel i ngy ouror gani zat i onaf t ert hem i sknownas a.cont i nuousi mpr ov ement b.empl oy eeempower ment c. benchmar ki ng d.copy cat t i ng e. pat enti nf r i ngement c( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 56. Anor gani zat i ont hathassuccessf ul l yusedbot hi nt er nal andext er nal benchmar ki ngi s a.Mar ksandSpenser b.Dai ml er Chr y sl er c. L.L.Bean d.Xer ox e. Noneoft heabov ehasusedbot hi nt er nal andext er nal benchmar ki ng. d( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 57. Cost sofdi ssat i sf act i on, r epai rcost s, andwar r ant ycost sar eel ement sofcosti nt he a.Taguchi LossFunct i on b.Par et ochar t c. I SO9000Qual i t yCostCal cul at or d.pr ocesschar t e. noneoft heabov e a( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 58. Aqual i t yl ossf unct i onut i l i zesal l oft hef ol l owi ngcost sexcept a.t hecostofscr apandr epai r b.t hecostofcust omerdi ssat i sf act i on c. i nspect i on, war r ant y , andser v i cecost s d.sal escost s e. cost st osoci et y d( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 59. Par et ochar t sar eusedt o a.i dent i f yi nspect i onpoi nt si napr ocess b.out l i nepr oduct i onschedul es c. or gani zeer r or s, pr obl ems, ordef ect s d.showmat er i al f l ow e. al l oft heabov e c( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 60. The" f ourMs"ofcauseandef f ectdi agr amsar e a.mat er i al , machi ner y / equi pment , manpower , andmet hods b.mat er i al , met hods, men, andment al at t i t ude c. namedaf t erf ourqual i t yexper t s d.mat er i al , management , manpower , andmot i v at i on e. noneoft heabov e a( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 61. Amongt het ool sofTQM, t het ool or di nar i l yusedt oai di nunder st andi ngt hesequenceof CX ev ent st hr oughwhi chapr oductt r av el si sa a.Par et ochar t b.pr ocesschar t c. checksheet d.Taguchi map e. pokay oke b( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 62. Thepr ocessi mpr ov ementt echni quet hatsor t st he" v i t al f ew"f r om t he" t r i v i al many "i s a.Taguchi anal y si s b.Par et oanal y si s c. benchmar ki ng d.Demi nganal y si s e. Yamaguchi anal y si s b( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 63. Apr oduct i onmanageratapot t er yf act or yhasnot i cedt hatabout70per centofdef ect s r esul tf r om i mpur i t i esi nr awmat er i al s, 15per centr esul tf r om humaner r or , 10per cent f r om machi nemal f unct i ons, and5per centf r om av ar i et yofot hercauses.Thi smanager i smostl i kel yusi ng a.aPar et ochar t b.ascat t erdi agr am c. aTaguchi l ossf unct i on d.acauseandef f ectdi agr am e. af l owchar t a( Tool sofTQM, easy ) 64. Acust omerser v i cemanageratar et ai l cl ot hi ngst or ehascol l ect ednumer ouscust omer compl ai nt sf r om t hef or mst heyf i l l outonmer chandi ser et ur ns.Toanal y zet r endsor pat t er nsi nt heser et ur ns, shehasor gani zedt hesecompl ai nt si nt oasmal l numberof cat egor i es.Thi si smostcl osel yr el at edt ot he_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t ool ofTQM. a.Taguchi l ossf unct i on b.causeandef f ectdi agr am c. scat t erdi agr am d.hi st ogr am e. pr ocesscont r ol char t b( Tool sofTQM, easy ) 65. Amanagert el l sherpr oduct i onempl oy ees, " I t ' snol ongergoodenought haty ourwor kf al l any wher ewi t hi nt hespeci f i cat i onl i mi t s.Ineedy ourwor kt obeascl oset ot het ar get v al ueaspossi bl e. "Hert hi nki ngi sr ef l ect i v eof a.i nt er nal benchmar ki ng b.Si xSi gma c. I SO9000 d.Taguchi concept s e. pr ocesscont r ol char t s d( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 66. Af i shbonedi agr am i sal soknownasa CXI a.causeandef f ectdi agr am b.pokay okedi agr am c. Kai zendi agr am d.Kanbandi agr am e. Taguchi di agr am a( Tool sofTQM, easy ) 67. I fasampl eofpar t si smeasur edandt hemeanoft hemeasur ement si sout si det he cont r ol l i mi t s, t hepr ocessi s a.i ncont r ol , butnotcapabl eofpr oduci ngwi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t s b.outofcont r ol andt hepr ocessshoul dbei nv est i gat edf orassi gnabl ev ar i at i on c. wi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t swi t honl ynat ur al causesofv ar i at i on d.moni t or edcl osel yt oseei ft henextsampl emeanwi l l al sof al l out si det hecont r ol l i mi t s e. noneoft heabov e b( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 68. Aqual i t yci r cl ehol dsabr ai nst or mi ngsessi onandat t empt st oi dent i f yt hef act or s r esponsi bl ef orf l awsi napr oduct .Whi cht ool doy ousuggestt heyuset oor gani zet hei r f i ndi ngs? a.I shi kawadi agr am b.Par et ochar t c. pr ocesschar t d.cont r ol char t s e. act i v i t ychar t a( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 69. Whenasampl emeasur ementf al l si nsi det hecont r ol l i mi t s, i tmeanst hat a.eachuni tmanuf act ur edi sgoodenought osel l b.t hepr ocessl i mi t scannotbedet er mi nedst at i st i cal l y c. t hepr ocessout putexceedst her equi r ement s d.i ft her ei snoot herpat t er ni nt hesampl es, t hepr ocessi si ncont r ol e. noi nv est i gat i oni snecessar yunt i l anot hersampl ev al uef al l sout si det hecont r ol l i mi t s d( Tool sofTQM, moder at e, ) 70. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngcont r ol char t s? a.Val uesabov et heupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t si ndi cat epoi nt soutofadj ust ment . b.Cont r ol char t sar ebui l tsot hatnewdat acanbequi ckl ycompar edt opast per f or mancedat a. c. Cont r ol char t sgr aphi cal l ypr esentdat a. d.Cont r ol char t spl otdat aov ert i me. e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 71. Thegoal ofi nspect i oni st o a.det ectabadpr ocessi mmedi at el y b.addv al uet oapr oductorser v i ce c. cor r ectdef i ci enci esi npr oduct s d.cor r ectsy st em def i ci enci es CXI I e. al l oft heabov e a( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 72. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi snotat y pi cal i nspect i onpoi nt ? a.uponr ecei ptofgoodsf r om y oursuppl i er b.dur i ngt hepr oduct i onpr ocess c. bef or et hepr oducti sshi ppedt ot hecust omer d.att hesuppl i er ' spl antwhi l et hesuppl i eri spr oduci ng e. af t eracost l ypr ocess e( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 73. Agooddescr i pt i onof" sour cei nspect i on"i si nspect i ng a.mat er i al supondel i v er ybyt hesuppl i er b.t hegoodsatt hepr oduct i onf aci l i t ybef or et heyr eacht hecust omer c. t hegoodsassoonasapr obl em occur s d.goodsatt hesuppl i er ' spl ant e. one' sownwor k, aswel l ast hewor kdoneatt hepr ev i ouswor kst at i on e( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 74. " Pokay oke"i st heJapaneset er mf or a.car d b.f ool pr oof c. cont i nuousi mpr ov ement d.f i shbonedi agr am e. j ust i nt i mepr oduct i on b( Ther ol eofi nspect i ons, moder at e) 75. Awor keroper at esashearpr ess.Shenot i cest hatt hemet al sheet sshei scut t i nghav e cur l ededges.Whoshoul dgett hef i r st" shot "atsol v i ngt hepr obl em? a.t hef or eman b.amemberoft hequal i t ycont r ol depar t ment c. t heoper at orher sel f d.anengi neer e. t heempl oy ee' ssuper v i sor c( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 76. Ar ecentconsumersur v eyconduct edf oracardeal er shi pi ndi cat est hat , whenbuy i nga car , cust omer sar epr i mar i l yconcer nedwi t ht hesal esper son' sabi l i t yt oexpl ai nt hecar ' s f eat ur es, t hesal esper son' sf r i endl i ness, andt hedeal er ' shonest y .Thedeal er shi pshoul d beespeci al l yconcer nedwi t hwhi chdi mensi onsofser v i cequal i t y ? a.communi cat i on, cour t esy , andcr edi bi l i t y b.compet ence, cour t esy , andsecur i t y c. compet ence, r esponsi v eness, andr el i abi l i t y d.communi cat i on, r esponsi v eness, andr el i abi l i t y e. under st andi ng/ knowi ngcust omer , r esponsi v eness, andr el i abi l i t y a( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) 77. Mar ket i ngi ssuessuchasadv er t i si ng, i mage, andpr omot i onar ei mpor t antt oqual i t y because a.t heydef i nef orconsumer st het angi bl eel ement sofaser v i ce CXI I I b.t hei nt angi bl eat t r i but esofapr oduct( i ncl udi nganyaccompany i ngser v i ce)maynotbe def i nedbyt heconsumer c. t heyeducat econsumer sonhowt ouset hepr oduct d.t heymaket hepr oductseem mor ev al uabl et hani tr eal l yi s e. t heyr ai seexpensesandt her ef or edecr easepr of i t abi l i t y b( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) 78. Whi choft hedet er mi nant sofser v i cequal i t yi nv ol v eshav i ngt hecust omer ' sbesti nt er est s athear t ? a.access b.cour t esy c. cr edi bi l i t y d.r esponsi v eness e. t angi bl es c( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) 79. Whi choft hedet er mi nant sofser v i cequal i t yi nv ol v esper f or mi ngt heser v i cer i ghtt hef i r st t i me? a.access b.cour t esy c. cr edi bi l i t y d.r el i abi l i t y e. r esponsi v eness d( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) FI LLI NTHEBLANK 80. Ar nol dPal merHospi t al uses_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t oseeknewway st or educer eadmi ssi onr at es. cont i nuousi mpr ov ement( Gl obal companypr of i l e, easy ) 81. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _cost sr esul tf r om pr oduct i onofdef ect i v epar t sorser v i cesbef or edel i v er yt o t hecust omer . I nt er nal f ai l ur e( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 82. _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sasetofenv i r onment al st andar dsdev el opedbyt heI nt er nat i onal St andar ds Or gani zat i on. I SO14000( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 83. Theper sonmostr esponsi bl ef orchangi ngqual i t yf r om asetoft ool st oaf i el dt hat i nt egr at edt hepr ocessesofacompanyi s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Ar mandFei genbaum ( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 84. Notonl ycust omer s, butst ockhol der s, suppl i er s, andot her s, ar eamongt he_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ whosev al uesmustbepr ot ect edi nmaki nget hi cal deci si onsconcer ni ngt hequal i t yof pr oduct s. st akehol der s( Def i ni ngqual i t y , easy ) 85. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st heJapanesewor df ort heongoi ngpr ocessofi ncr ement al i mpr ov ement . Kai zen( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) CXI V 86. Enl ar gi ngempl oy eej obssot hatt headdedr esponsi bi l i t yandaut hor i t yi smov edt ot he l owestl ev el possi bl ei nt heor gani zat i oni scal l ed_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . empl oy eeempower ment( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 87. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i saphi l osophyofcont i nuousi mpr ov ementt obr i ngt hepr oductexact l yont ar get . Tar get or i ent edqual i t y( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 88. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _sel ect sademonst r at edst andar dofper f or mancet hatr epr esent st hev er ybest per f or mancef orapr ocessoract i v i t y . Benchmar ki ng( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 89. Agr oupofempl oy eest hatmeetonar egul arbasi swi t haf aci l i t at ort osol v ewor kr el at ed pr obl emsi nt hei rwor kar eai sa( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . qual i t yci r cl e( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , easy ) 90. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _di agr amsuseaschemat i ct echni quet odi scov erpossi bl el ocat i onsofqual i t y pr obl ems. Causeandef f ect , orf i shboneorI shi kawa( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 91. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ar egr aphi cal pr esent at i onsofdat aov ert i met hatshowupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t sf orpr ocesseswewantt ocont r ol . Cont r ol char t s( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 92. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sdoi ngt hej obpr oper l ywi t ht heoper at orensur i ngt hatt hi si sso. Sour cei nspect i on( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) SHORTANSWER 93. Namet hef ourcost sofqual i t y .Whi chonei shar destt oev al uat e?Expl ai n. Thef ourcost sar ei nt er nal , ext er nal , pr ev ent i on, andassessment .Thehar destt oest i mat e ar eext er nal cost s, orcost st hatoccuraf t erdel i v er yofdef ect i v epar torser v i ces.These cost sar ev er yhar dt oquant i f y .( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 94. St at et heASCQdef i ni t i onofqual i t y .Oft het hr ee" f l av or s"orcat egor i esofqual i t y def i ni t i ons, whi cht y pei si t ?Expl ai n. Qual i t yi st het ot al i t yoff eat ur esandchar act er i st i csofapr oductorser v i cet hatbearon i t sabi l i t yt osat i sf yst at edori mpl i edneeds.Thi si suser based, asev i dencedbyt he r ef er encet oneeds, nott ospeci f i cat i onsori ngr edi ent s.( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 95. Qual i t yhasatl eastt hr eecat egor i esofdef i ni t i ons; l i stt hem.Pr ov i deabr i efexpl anat i onof each. Thet hr eecat egor i esofqual i t yar euser based( i nt heey esoft hebehol der ) , manuf act ur i ngbased( conf or mi ngt ost andar ds) , andpr oduct based( measur abl econt ent ofpr oduct ) .( Def i ni ngqual i t y , moder at e) 96. Expl ai nhowet hi cal deci si onsaboutpr oduct si nv ol v egr oupsot hert hanempl oy eesand cust omer s. Thepr oductdeci si onshoul dbemadebyv i ewi ngi t si mpactont heent i r eeconomy .That CXV l ogi cappl i est oal l gr oupswhowoul dbei mpact edbyl owqual i t ypr oduct s.Thesear et he st akehol der s, andt heyi ncl udeempl oy eesandcust omer s, butal soowner s( st ockhol der s) , suppl i er s, di st r i but or s, andcr edi t or s.( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 97. I nasent enceort wo, summar i zet hecont r i but i onofPhi l i pCr osbyt oqual i t ymanagement . I nhi sbook" Qual i t yI sFr ee, "Cr osbypoi nt edoutt hatt hecost sofpoorqual i t yar e under st at ed, andt hatunder st at ementmadei teasi erf orf i r mst oacceptl owqual i t y r esul t s.Heal sopr omot ed" zer odef ect s"anddoi ngt hej obr i ghtt hef i r stt i me.( Def i ni ng qual i t y , moder at e) 98. Li stt hef i v ecor eel ement sofI SO14000. Thef i v ecor eel ement sofI SO14000ar eenv i r onment al management , audi t i ng, per f or manceev al uat i on, l abel i ng, andl i f ecy cl eassessment .( I nt er nat i onal qual i t y st andar ds, moder at e) 99. Descr i behowI SO9000hasev ol v edi nt hepastsev er al y ear s. I thasbecomel essasetofst andar dsandmor eaqual i t ymanagementsy st em.These changescameaboutpr i mar i l yt hr ought heDecember2000r ev i si ons.Theyal so emphasi zedt opmanagementl eader shi p, andcust omerr equi r ement sandsat i sf act i on, whi l edocument edpr ocedur esr ecei v edl essemphasi s.( I nt er nat i onal qual i t yst andar ds, moder at e) 100.Whatst epscanbet akent odev el opbenchmar ks? Thest epsar e: det er mi newhatt obenchmar k, f or m abenchmar ki ngt eam, i dent i f y benchmar ki ngpar t ner s, col l ectandanal y zebenchmar ki ngi nf or mat i on, andt akeact i ont o mat chorexceedt hebenchmar k.( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 101.Expl ai nhowj ust i nt i mepr ocessesr el at et ot hequal i t yofanor gani zat i on' sout put s. JI Tr el at est oqual i t ybycut t i ngcost sofqual i t y , byl ower i ngwast eandscr ap; by i mpr ov i ngqual i t ybyshor t eni ngt het i mebet weener r ordet ect i onander r orcor r ect i on; and bet t erqual i t ymeansl essi nv ent or yandbet t erJI Tsy st em.( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 102.Whati st hedi f f er encebet weenconf or mi ngqual i t yandt ar get or i ent edqual i t y ? Wi t hconf or mi ngqual i t y , anyuni tt hatmeet sspeci f i cat i onsi saccept abl e, whet heri ti son t heedgesorcent eroft hespeci f i cat i onr ange.Tar get or i ent edqual i t yt r eat sout putas bet t ert hecl oseri ti st oexact l ywhatt hecust omerwant s.( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 103.Li stt hemaj orconcept sofTQM. Themaj orconcept soft ot al qual i t ymanagementar econt i nuousi mpr ov ement , empl oy ee empower ment , benchmar ki ng, j ust i nt i me( JI T) , andknowl edgeofTQM t ool s.( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , easy ) 104.Whati st hequal i t yl ossf unct i on( QLF) ? Thequal i t yl ossf unct i oni dent i f i esal l cost sconnect edwi t hpoorqual i t yandshowshow t hesecost si ncr easeast hepr oductmov esawayf r om bei ngexact l ywhatt hecust omer want s.( Tot al qual i t ymanagement , moder at e) 105.Expl ai nhowaPar et ochar tcani dent i f yt hemosti mpor t antcausesofer r or si napr ocess. CXVI Ther ewi l l gener al l ybesomecauseswi t hmuchhi gherf r equenci est hanot her s.The f r equencypl otwi l l cl ear l yshowwhi chcausehast hehi ghestf r equency . ( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 106.Howi ssour cei nspect i onr el at edt oempl oy eeempower ment ? Sour cei nspect i oni nv ol v est heoper at orensur i ngt hatt hej obi sdonepr oper l y .These oper at or sar eempower edt osel f checkt hei rownwor k.Empl oy eest hatdeal wi t ha sy st em onadai l ybasi shav eabet t erunder st andi ngoft hesy st em t hanany oneel se, and canbev er yef f ect i v eati mpr ov i ngt hesy st em.( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 107.Whati sapokay oke?Gi v eanex ampl e. Apokay okei saf ool pr oofdev i ceort echni quet hatensur espr oduct i onofgooduni t s ev er yt i me.Exampl eswi l l v ar y , buti ncl udeMcDonal d' sFr enchf r yscoopandst andar d si zedbagsusedt oensur et hecor r ectquant i t y , andpr epackagedsur gi cal cov er i ngst hat cont ai nexact l yt hei t emsneededf oramedi cal pr ocedur e.( Ther ol eofi nspect i on, moder at e) 108.Li stt het endet er mi nant sofser v i cequal i t y .Descr i bet wooft hem i nasent enceort wo each. Thet enar er el i abi l i t y , r esponsi v eness, compet ence, access, cour t esy , communi cat i on, cr edi bi l i t y , secur i t y , under st andi ng, andt angi bl es.Descr i pt i onsar ef oundi nTabl e6. 5. Her ear et woexampl es: Accessi nv ol v esappr oachabi l i t yandeaseofcont act .Secur i t yi s t hef r eedom f r om danger , r i sk, ordoubt .( TQM i nser v i ces, moder at e) PROBLEMS 109.Managementi sconcer nedt hatwor ker scr eat emor epr oductdef ect satt hev er y begi nni ngandendofawor kshi f tt hanatot hert i mesoft hei rei ghthourwor kday . Const r uctascat t erdi agr am wi t ht hef ol l owi ngdat a, col l ect edl astweek.I smanagement j ust i f i edi ni t sbel i ef ? Monday Fi r sthouratwor k 12 Secondhouratwor k 6 Thi r dhouratwor k 5 Four t hhouratwor k 4 Fi f t hhouratwor k 1 Si x t hhouratwor k 4 Sev ent hhourat 7 wor k Ei ght hhouratwor k 5 Tuesday 9 5 2 0 6 3 4 7 Sol ut i on: CXVI I Numberofdef ect s Wednesday Thur sday 6 8 3 4 4 3 5 2 2 4 3 2 4 6 8 5 Fr i day 7 5 3 3 5 1 3 9 Ther ei sf ai r l yconv i nci ngev i dencet hatt her ear emor edef ect si nt hef i r standl astshi f t hour st hanatot hert i mes.( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 110.Per f or m aPar et oanal y si sont hef ol l owi ngi nf or mat i on: Reasonf orunsat i sf y i ngst ayat Fr equenc hot el y 6 Unf r i endl yst af f 2 Room notcl ean 3 Room notr eadyatchecki n 33 Not owel satpool 4 Nobl anketf orpul l outsof a 3 Pool wat ert oocol d 16 Br eakf astofpoorqual i t y 23 El ev at ort oosl owornotwor ki ng 7 Tookt ool ongt or egi st er 3 Bi l l i ncor r ect Tot al 100 CXVI I I Sol ut i on ( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) CXI X 111.Per f or m aPar et oanal y si sont hef ol l owi ngi nf or mat i on: Reasonf orunsat i sf y i ngcheckoutat Fr equenc st or e y 27 Unf r i endl ycashi er 4 I ncor r ectchange 9 Cashi ert oosl ow 34 Pr i cecheck 2 Poor l ybaggedmer chandi se 3 Sl owr ecei v i ngcheckappr ov al Sol ut i on ( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) 112.Const r uctacauseandef f ectdi agr am showi ngwhyast udentmi ghtbedi ssat i sf i edwi t h t hecaf et er i a. Sol ut i on:( Not et hatanswer smayv ar yconsi der abl y ) CXX ( Tool sofTQM, Moder at e) 113.Pr et endt haty ouhav ej ustcomef r om ar el at i v e' sweddi ngr ecept i on.I tdi dn' tt ur noutas wel l asi tshoul dhav e, andt hebr i de' spar ent sar epr et t ymadathowt hi ngst ur nedout . Uset hesuppl i edt empl at et oconst r uctaconv ent i onal causeandef f ectdi agr am.I dent i f y t wel v esour cesofdef ect sf ort hei ssue" di ssat i sf i edcust omerofweddi ngr ecept i on cat er er . "( Yourdozenneednotbeexact l yt hr eepermai ncause, butshoul dbeabal anced t r eat ment . )Cat egor i zeeachcauseont oamai ncause.Pr ov i debr i efsuppor tf oreachof y ourchoi ces Sol ut i on:I ndi v i dual r esponsesmayv ar yconsi der abl y ; someoft hev ar i at i oni nr esponses comesf r om di f f er i ngv i ewsofwhati st hecat er er ' sr eal m ofr esponsi bi l i t y , compar edt o whatmi ghtbeassi gnedt oaweddi ngpl anneri nst ead.Mat er i al : notenoughpl at es, gl asswar e, ut ensi l s; pr epar edwr ongdi sh; f oodwascol d; r anoutoff ood; f oodwas" bad. " Machi ner y : ai rcondi t i oni ng/ heat i ngwasbr oken; r oom wasdi r t y ; r oom t oosmal l ; f ur ni t ur e poor l yar r anged; weddi ng" pr ops"ugl yorshopwor n.Met hod: notont i me; ov er char ged; not enoughwor ker s.Manpower : wai tst af fnotpr oper l yat t i r ed; wai tst af fnotspeedy ; wai t st af fnotcour t eous.Responsesshoul dcommentasnecessar yt oshowwhyaf aul tl i eson acer t ai nmai nbr anch; asanexampl e, " col df ood"mi ghtbei nt er pr et edasMet hod, not Mat er i al .( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) CXXI 114.Ar ef r i ger at i onandheat i ngcompany —onet hati nst al l sandr epai r shomecent r al ai rand heat i ngsy st ems—hasaskedy ouradv i ceonhowt oanal y zet hei rser v i cequal i t y .They hav el oggedcust omercompl ai nt s.Her e' sar ecentsampl i ng.Uset hesuppl i edt empl at et o const r uctaconv ent i onal causeandef f ectdi agr am.Pl aceeachoft hecompl ai nt sont oa mai ncause; j ust i f yy ourchoi cewi t habr i efcommentasnecessar y . 1." Iwasov er char ged—y ourl aborr at esar et oohi gh. " 2." Ther epai r manl ef tt r ashwher ehewaswor ki ng. " 3." Youwer en' ther ewheny ousai dy ouwoul dbe.Youshoul dcal l wheny oumustbel at e. " 4." Yourr epai r mansmokedi nmyhouse. " 5." Thepar ty oui nst al l edi snotasgoodast hef act or yor i gi nal . " 6." Yourr epai r manwasher ef orov ert wohour s, buthewasn' tt aki nghi swor kser i ousl y . " 7." Youdi dn' tt i ght ensomeoft hef i t t i ngspr oper l y —t hesy st em' sl eaki ng. " 8." Yourest i mat eofr epai rcost swasWAYof f . " 9." Ical l edy out odoanannual i nspect i on, buty ou' v edonemor e—wor kt hatIdi dn' t aut hor i ze. " 10." Yourmechani ci sj ustchangi ngpar t s—hedoesn' thav eacl uewhat ' sr eal l ywr ong. " 11." Yourbi l l hasonl yat ot al —Iwant edt oseedet ai l bi l l i ng. " 12." Yourt est i ngequi pmenti sn' tv er ynew—ar ey ousur ey ou' v edi agnosedt hepr obl em? " 13." Oneoft hewor kment r ackedmudi nt omyl i v i ngr oom. " Sol ut i on:I ndi v i dual r esponsesmayv ar y .At y pi cal setofr esponsesmi ghtbeMat er i al : i t em 5.Met hod: i t ems1, 3, 8, 9, 11.Machi ner y : i t em 12; Manpower : i t ems2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 13. I t ems8and11coul dbemanpowerormet hod.( Tool sofTQM, moder at e) CXXI I SUPPLEMENT6: STATI STI CALPROCESSCONTROL TRUE/ FALSE 1. Somedegr eeofv ar i abi l i t yi spr esenti nal mostal l pr ocesses. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 2. Thepur poseofpr ocesscont r ol i st odet ectwhennat ur al causesofv ar i at i onar epr esent . Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 3. Anor mal di st r i but i oni sgener al l ydescr i bedbyi t st wopar amet er s: t hemeanandt he r ange. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 4. Apr ocessi ssai dt obei nst at i st i cal cont r ol whenassi gnabl ecausesar et heonl ysour ces ofv ar i at i on. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 5. Mi st akesst emmi ngf r om wor ker s' i nadequat et r ai ni ngr epr esentanassi gnabl ecauseof v ar i at i on. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 6. Av er agesofsmal l sampl es, noti ndi v i dual measur ement s, ar egener al l yusedi nst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol . Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 7. TheXbarchar ti ndi cat est hatagai norl ossofuni f or mi t yhasoccur r edi ndi sper si onofa pr oduct i onpr ocess. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 8. TheCent r al Li mi tTheor em st at est hatwhent hesampl esi zei ncr eases, t hedi st r i but i onof t hesampl emeanswi l l appr oacht henor mal di st r i but i on. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 9. I nst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol , t her angeof t ensubst i t ut esf ort hest andar ddev i at i on. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 10. I ft hepr ocessav er agei si ncont r ol , t hent hepr ocessr angemustal sobei ncont r ol . Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 11. Apr ocessr angechar ti l l ust r at est heamountofv ar i at i onwi t hi nt hesampl es. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 12. Meanchar t sandr angechar t scompl ementoneanot her , onedet ect i ngshi f t si npr ocess av er age, t heot herdet ect i ngshi f t si npr ocessdi sper si on. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 13. Xbarchar t sar eusedwhenwear esampl i ngat t r i but es. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) CXXI I 14. Tomeasur et hev ol t ageofbat t er i es, onewoul dsampl ebyat t r i but es. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 15. Apchar ti sappr opr i at et opl ott henumberoft y pogr aphi cer r or sperpageoft ext . Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 16. Acchar ti sappr opr i at et opl ott henumberoff l awsi nabol toff abr i c. Tr ue( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 17. Thex barchar t , l i ket hecchar t , i sbasedont heexponent i al di st r i but i on. Fal se( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 18. Apr ocesst hati si nst at i st i cal cont r ol wi l l al way sy i el dpr oduct st hatmeett hei rdesi gn speci f i cat i ons. Fal se( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 19. Thehi ghert hepr ocesscapabi l i t yr at i o, t hegr eat ert hel i kel i hoodt hatpr ocesswi l l be wi t hi ndesi gnspeci f i cat i ons. Tr ue( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 20. TheCpki ndexmeasur est hedi f f er encebet weendesi r edandact ual di mensi onsofgoods orser v i cespr oduced. Tr ue( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 21. Accept ancesampl i ngaccept sorr ej ect sanent i r el otbasedont hei nf or mat i oncont ai ned i nt hesampl e. Tr ue( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 22. Al ott hati saccept edbyaccept ancesampl i ngi sf r eeofdef ect s. Fal se( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 23. I naccept ancesampl i ng, amanagercanr eacht hewr ongconcl usi oni ft hesampl ei snot r epr esent at i v eoft hepopul at i oni twasdr awnf r om. Tr ue( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 24. Thepr obabi l i t yofr ej ect i ngagoodl oti sknownasconsumer ' sr i sk. Fal se( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 25. Anaccept ancesampl i ngpl anmustdef i ne" goodl ot s"and" badl ot s"andspeci f yt her i sk l ev el associ at edwi t heachone. Tr ue( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 26. Theaccept abl equal i t yl ev el ( AQL)i st heav er agel ev el ofqual i t ywear ewi l l i ngt oaccept . Fal se( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 27. Thest eeperanOCcur v e, t hebet t eri tdi scr i mi nat esbet weengoodandbadl ot s. Tr ue( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) CXXI I I MULTI PLECHOI CE 28. I fasampl eofi t emsi st akenandt hemeanoft hesampl ei sout si det hecont r ol l i mi t st he pr ocessi s a.outofcont r ol andt hecauseshoul dbeest abl i shed b.i ncont r ol , butnotcapabl eofpr oduci ngwi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t s c. wi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t swi t honl ynat ur al causesofv ar i at i on d.moni t or edcl osel yt oseei ft henextsampl emeanwi l l al sof al l out si det hecont r ol l i mi t s e. pr oduci nghi ghqual i t ypr oduct s a( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 29. Thecausesofv ar i at i oni nst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol ar e a.cy cl es, t r ends, seasonal i t y , andr andom v ar i at i ons b.pr oducer ' scausesandconsumer ' scauses c. meanandr ange d.nat ur al causesandassi gnabl ecauses e. Ty peIandTy peI I d( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 30. Nat ur al v ar i at i ons a.af f ectal mostev er ypr oduct i onpr ocess b.ar et hemanysour cesofv ar i at i ont hatoccurwhenapr ocessi sundercont r ol c. whengr ouped, f or m apat t er n, ordi st r i but i on d.ar et ol er at ed, wi t hi nl i mi t s, whenapr ocessi sundercont r ol e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 31. Nat ur al v ar i at i ons a.ar ev ar i at i onst hatar et obei dent i f i edandel i mi nat ed b.ar ev ar i at i onst hatcanbet r acedt oaspeci f i ccause c. ar et hesameasassi gnabl ev ar i at i ons d.l eadt ooccasi onal f al sef i ndi ngst hatpr ocessesar eoutofcont r ol e. pl aynor ol ei nst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol d( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 32. Assi gnabl ev ar i at i on a.i sasi gnt hatapr ocessi sundercont r ol b.i st obei dent i f i edandel i mi nat ed c. i st hesameasr andom v ar i at i on d.i sv ar i at i ont hatcannotbet r acedt oaspeci f i ccause e. l eadst oast eepOCcur v e b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 33. Assi gnabl ecauses a.ar enotasi mpor t antasnat ur al causes b.ar ewi t hi nt hel i mi t sofacont r ol char t c. dependont hei nspect orassi gnedt ot hej ob d.ar eal sor ef er r edt oas" chance"causes CXXI V e. ar ecausesofv ar i at i ont hatcanbei dent i f i edandr emov ed e( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 34. Cont r ol char t sf orv ar i abl esar ebasedondat at hatcomef r om a.accept ancesampl i ng b.i ndi v i dual i t ems c. av er agesofsmal l sampl es d.av er agesofl ar gesampl es e. t heent i r el ot c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 35. Thepur poseofan char ti st odet er mi newhet hert her ehasbeena a.gai norl ossi nuni f or mi t y b.changei nt heper centdef ect i v ei nasampl e c. changei nt hecent r al t endencyoft hepr ocessout put d.changei nt henumberofdef ect si nasampl e e. changei nt heAOQ c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 36. St at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol char t s a.di spl ayt hemeasur ement sonev er yi t em bei ngpr oduced b.di spl ayupperandl owerl i mi t sf orpr ocessv ar i abl esorat t r i but es, andsi gnal whena pr ocessi snol ongeri ncont r ol c. i ndi cat et ot hepr ocessoper at ort heav er ageout goi ngqual i t yofeachl ot d.i ndi cat et ot heoper at ort het r uequal i t yofmat er i al l eav i ngt hepr ocess e. noneoft heabov e b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 37. Asampl eofpar t si smeasur ed.Themeanoft hi ssampl ei si nt hemi ddl eoft hecont r ol l i mi t s, butsomei ndi v i dual par t smeasur et ool owf ordesi gnspeci f i cat i onsandot her par t smeasur et oohi gh.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ue? a.Thepr ocessi soutofcont r ol , andt hecauseshoul dbeest abl i shed. b.Thepr ocessi si ncont r ol , butnotcapabl eofpr oduci ngwi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t s. c. Thepr ocessi swi t hi nt heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t swi t honl ynat ur al causesof v ar i at i on. d.Thepr ocessi sout si det heest abl i shedcont r ol l i mi t swi t honl ynat ur al causesof v ar i at i on. e. Thepr ocessi si ncont r ol , andt her ei snot hi ngt owor r yabout . b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , di f f i cul t ) 38. TheCent r al Li mi tTheor em a.i st het heor et i cal f oundat i onoft hecchar t b.st at est hatt heav er ageofassi gnabl ev ar i at i onsi szer o c. al l owsmanager st ouset henor mal di st r i but i onast hebasi sf orbui l di ngsomecont r ol char t s d.st at est hatt heav er ager angecanbeusedasapr oxyf ort hest andar ddev i at i on e. cont r ol st hest eepnessofanoper at i ngchar act er i st i ccur v e c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , di f f i cul t ) CXXV 39. Foranxbarchar twher et hest andar ddev i at i oni sknown, t heUpperCont r ol Li mi t a.i s bel owt hemeanofsampl emeansf ora cont r ol char t b.i s abov et hemeanofsampl emeansf ora cont r ol char t c. i s bel owt hemeanofsampl emeansf ora cont r ol char t d.i s abov et hemeanofsampl emeansf ora cont r ol char t e. cannotbecal cul at edunl esst heav er ager angei sknown d( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 40. Upt ot hr eest andar ddev i at i onsabov eorbel owt hecent er l i nei st heamountofv ar i at i on t hatst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol al l owsf or a.Ty peIer r or s b.about95. 5%v ar i at i on c. nat ur al v ar i at i on d.al l t y pesofv ar i at i on e. assi gnabl ev ar i at i on c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 41. Amanagerwant st obui l d cont r ol l i mi t sf orapr ocess.Thet ar getv al uef ort hemean oft hepr ocessi s10uni t s, andt hest andar ddev i at i onoft hepr ocessi s6.I fsampl esof si ze9ar et obet aken, t heUCLandLCLwi l l be a.8and28 b.16and4 c. 12and8 d.4and16 e. 8and12 b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 42. Thet y peofi nspect i ont hatcl assi f i esi t emsasbei ngei t hergoodordef ect i v ei s a.v ar i abl ei nspect i on b.at t r i but ei nspect i on c. f i xedi nspect i on d.al l oft heabov e e. noneoft heabov e b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 43. Thex barchar tt el l suswhet hert her ehasbeena a.gai norl ossi ndi sper si on b.changei nt heper centdef ect i v ei nasampl e c. changei nt hecent r al t endencyoft hepr ocessout put d.changei nt henumberofdef ect si nasampl e e. noneoft heabov e c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXXVI 44. Themeanandst andar ddev i at i onf orapr ocessf orwhi chwehav easubst ant i al hi st or y ar e =120and =2.Fort hev ar i abl econt r ol char t , asampl esi zeof16wi l l beused. Whati st hemeanoft hesampl i ngdi st r i but i on? a.1/ 8( 0. 125) b.0. 5 c. 2 d.40 e. noneoft heabov e e( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 45. Jar sofpi ckl esar esampl edandwei ghed.Sampl emeasur esar epl ot t edoncont r ol char t s. Thei deal wei ghtshoul dbepr eci sel y11oz.Whi cht y peofchar t ( s)woul dy our ecommend? a.pchar t s b.cchar t s c. -andRchar t s d. , butnotRchar t s e. bot hp-andcchar t s c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 46. I f =23ounces, =0. 4ounces, andn=16, t he3 cont r ol l i mi t swi l l be a.21. 8t o24. 2ounces b.23ounces c. 22. 70t o23. 30ounces d.22. 25t o23. 75ounces e. noneoft heabov e c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 47. Theusual pur poseofanRchar ti st osi gnal whet hert her ehasbeena a.gai norl ossi ndi sper si on b.changei nt heper centdef ect i v ei nasampl e c. changei nt hecent r al t endencyoft hepr ocessout put d.changei nt henumberofdef ect si nasampl e e. noneoft heabov e a( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 48. Amanagerwi shest obui l da r angechar tf orapr ocess.Thesampl esi zei sf i v e, t he meanofsampl emeansi s16. 01, andt heav er ager angei s5. 3.Fr om Tabl eS6. 1, t he appr opr i at ev al ueofD3i s0, andD4i s2. 115.TheUCLandLCLf ort hi sr angechar tar e a.33. 9and11. 2 b.33. 9and0 c. 11. 2and0 d.6. 3and0 e. 31. 91and0. 11 c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXXVI I 49. Pl ot sofsampl er angesi ndi cat et hatt hemostr ecentv al uei sbel owt hel owercont r ol l i mi t . Whatcour seofact i onwoul dy our ecommend? a.Si ncet her ei snoobv i ouspat t er ni nt hemeasur ement s, v ar i abi l i t yi si ncont r ol . b.Onev al ueout si det hecont r ol l i mi t si si nsuf f i ci entt owar r antanyact i on. c. Lowert hanexpect eddi sper si oni sadesi r abl econdi t i on; t her ei snor easont o i nv est i gat e. d.Thepr ocessi soutofcont r ol ; r ej ectt hel astuni t spr oduced. e. Var i at i oni snoti ncont r ol ; i nv est i gat ewhatcr eat edt hi scondi t i on. e( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , di f f i cul t ) 50. Toset char tupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t s, onemustknowt hepr ocesscent r al l i ne, whi chi st he a.av er ageoft hesampl emeans b.t ot al numberofdef ect si nt hepopul at i on c. per centdef ect si nt hepopul at i on d.si z eoft hepopul at i on e. av er ager ange a( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 51. Accor di ngt ot het ext , t hemostcommonchoi ceofl i mi t sf orcont r ol char t si susual l y a.±1st andar ddev i at i on b.±2st andar ddev i at i ons c. ±3st andar ddev i at i ons d.±3st andar ddev i at i onsf ormeansand±2st andar ddev i at i onsf orr anges e. noneoft heabov e c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 52. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ueofapchar t ? a.Thel owercont r ol l i mi ti sf oundbysubt r act i ngaf r act i onf r om t heav er agenumberof def ect s. b.Thel owercont r ol l i mi ti ndi cat est hemi ni mum accept abl enumberofdef ect s. c. Thel owercont r ol l i mi tmaybebel owzer o. d.Thel owercont r ol l i mi tmaybeatzer o. e. Thel owercont r ol l i mi ti st hesameast hel ott ol er anceper centdef ect i v e. d( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 53. Thenor mal appl i cat i onofapchar ti si n a.pr ocesssampl i ngbyv ar i abl es b.accept ancesampl i ngbyv ar i abl es c. pr ocesssampl i ngbyat t r i but es d.accept ancesampl i ngbyat t r i but es e. noneoft heabov e c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 54. Thest at i st i cal pr ocesschar tusedt ocont r ol t henumberofdef ect speruni tofout puti s t he a. char t b.Rchar t c. pchar t CXXVI I I d.AOQchar t e cchar t e( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 55. Thecchar tsi gnal swhet hert her ehasbeena a.gai norl ossi nuni f or mi t y b.changei nt henumberofdef ect speruni t c. changei nt hecent r al t endencyoft hepr ocessout put d.changei nt heper centdef ect i v ei nasampl e e. changei nt heAOQ b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 56. Thel ocal newspaperr ecei v essev er al compl ai nt sperdayaboutt y pogr aphi cer r or s.Ov era sev endayper i od, t hepubl i sherhasr ecei v edcal l sf r om r eader sr epor t i ngt hef ol l owi ng numberofer r or s: 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 3, and9.Basedont hesedat aal one, whatt y peofcont r ol char t ( s)shoul dt hepubl i sheruse? a.pchar t b.cchar t c. char t d.Rchar t e. -andRchar t s b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 57. Amanuf act ur erusesst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol t ocont r ol t hequal i t yoft hef i r m' s pr oduct s.Sampl esof50ofPr oductAar et aken, andadef ect i v e/ accept abl edeci si oni s madeoneachuni tsampl ed.ForPr oductB, t henumberoff l awsperuni ti scount ed.What t y pe( s)ofcont r ol char t sshoul dbeused? a.pchar t sf orAandB b.pchar tf orA, cchar tf orB c. cchar t sf orbot hAandB d.pchar tf orA, meanandr angechar t sf orB e. cchar tf orA, meanandr angechar t sf orB b( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , di f f i cul t ) 58. Anat i onwi depar cel del i v er yser v i cekeepst r ackoft henumberofl at edel i v er i es( mor e t han30mi nut espastt het i mepr omi sedt ocl i ent s)perday .Theypl anonusi ngacont r ol char tt opl ott hei rr esul t s.Whi cht y peofcont r ol char t ( s)woul dy our ecommend? a. -andRchar t s b.pchar t s c. cchar t s d. , butnotRchar t s e. bot hp-andcchar t s c( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 59. Ar unt esti sused a.t oexami nev ar i abi l i t yi naccept ancesampl i ngpl ans b.i naccept ancesampl i ngt oest abl i shcont r ol c.t oexami nepoi nt si nacont r ol char tt ocheckf ornat ur al v ar i abi l i t y d.t oexami nepoi nt si nacont r ol char tt ocheckf ornonr andom v ar i abi l i t y CXXI X e.noneoft heabov e d( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 60. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngt hepr ocesscapabi l i t yi ndexCpk? a.ACpki ndexv al ueof1i si deal , meani ngal l uni t smeetspeci f i cat i ons. b.Thel ar gert heCpk, t hemor euni t smeetspeci f i cat i ons. c. TheCpki ndexcanonl ybeusedwhent hepr ocesscent er l i nei sal sot hespeci f i cat i on cent er l i ne. d.Posi t i v ev al uesoft heCpki ndexar egood; negat i v ev al uesar ebad. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. b( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 61. I ft heCpki ndexexceeds1 a.t heAQLmustbesmal l ert hant heLTPD b. mustbel esst hanonet hi r doft hedi f f er encebet weent hespeci f i cat i onandt he pr ocessmean c. t hexbarchar tmusti ndi cat et hatt hepr ocessi si ncont r ol d.t hepr ocessi scapabl eofSi xSi gmaqual i t y e. t hepr ocessi schar act er i zedas" notcapabl e" b( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 62. Thest at i st i cal def i ni t i onofSi xSi gmaal l owsf or3. 4def ect spermi l l i on.Thi si sachi ev ed byaCpki ndexof a.0 b.1 c. 1. 33 d.1. 67 e. 2 e( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y ) , moder at e) 63. ACpki ndexof1. 00equat est oadef ectr at eof a.f i v eper cent b.3. 4def ect spermi l l i on c. 2. 7per1, 000i t ems d.97. 23per cent e. oneper cent a( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 64. Accept ancesampl i ng a.i st heappl i cat i onofst at i st i cal t echni quest ot hecont r ol ofpr ocesses b.wasdev el opedbyWal t erShewhar tofBel l Labor at or i es c. i susedt odet er mi newhet hert oacceptorr ej ectal otofmat er i al basedont he ev al uat i onofasampl e d.separ at est henat ur al andassi gnabl ecausesofv ar i at i on e. al l oft heabov e c( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 65. Accept ancesampl i ng' spr i mar ypur posei st o a.est i mat epr ocessqual i t y CXXX b.est i mat el otqual i t y c. det ectandel i mi nat edef ect i v es d.deci dei fal otmeet spr edet er mi nedst andar ds e. det er mi newhet herdef ect i v ei t emsf oundi nsampl i ngshoul dber epl aced d( Accept ancesampl i ng, di f f i cul t ) 66. Anaccept ancesampl i ngpl an' sabi l i t yt odi scr i mi nat ebet weenl owqual i t yl ot sandhi gh qual i t yl ot si sdescr i bedby a.aGant tchar t b.t heCent r al Li mi tTheor em c. apr ocesscont r ol char t d.anoper at i ngchar act er i st i cscur v e e. ar angechar t d( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 67. Accept ancesampl i ng a.mayi nv ol v ei nspect or st aki ngr andom sampl es( orbat ches)off i ni shedpr oduct sand measur i ngt hem agai nstpr edet er mi nedst andar ds b.mayi nv ol v ei nspect or st aki ngr andom sampl es( orbat ches)ofi ncomi ngr aw mat er i al sandmeasur i ngt hem agai nstpr edet er mi nedst andar ds c. i smor eeconomi cal t han100%i nspect i on d.maybeei t herofav ar i abl eorat t r i but et y pe, al t houghat t r i but ei nspect i oni smor e commoni nt hebusi nessenv i r onment e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 68. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement sonaccept ancesampl i ngi st r ue? a.Accept ancesampl i ngdr awssampl esf r om apopul at i onofi t ems, t est st hesampl e, andaccept st heent i r epopul at i oni ft hesampl ei sgoodenough, andr ej ect si ti ft he sampl ei spoorenough. b.Thesampl i ngpl ancont ai nsi nf or mat i onaboutt hesampl esi zet obedr awnandt he cr i t i cal accept anceorr ej ect i onnumber sf ort hatsampl esi ze. c. Thest eeperanoper at i ngchar act er i st i ccur v e, t hebet t eri t sabi l i t yt odi scr i mi nat e bet weengoodandbadl ot s. d.Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. e. Al l oft heabov ear ef al se. d( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 69. Accept ancesampl i ngi susual l yusedt ocont r ol a.t henumberofuni t sout putf r om onest ageofapr ocesswhi char et hensentt ot he nextst age b.t henumberofuni t sdel i v er edt ot hecust omer c. t hequal i t yofwor ki npr ocessi nv ent or y d.i ncomi ngl ot sofpur chasedpr oduct s e. al l oft heabov e d( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 70. Anoper at i ngchar act er i st i c( OC)cur v edescr i bes a.howmanydef ect speruni tar eper mi t t edbef or er ej ect i onoccur s b.t hesampl esi zenecessar yt odi st i ngui shbet weengoodandbadl ot s CXXXI c. t hemostappr opr i at esampl i ngpl anf oragi v eni ncomi ngpr oductqual i t yl ev el d.howwel l anaccept ancesampl i ngpl andi scr i mi nat esbet weengoodandbadl ot s e. noneoft heabov e d( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 71. Anoper at i ngchar act er i st i cscur v eshows a.upperandl owerpr oductspeci f i cat i ons b.pr oductqual i t yunderdi f f er entmanuf act ur i ngcondi t i ons c. howt hepr obabi l i t yofaccept i ngal otv ar i eswi t ht hepopul at i onper centdef ect i v e d.whenpr oductspeci f i cat i onsdon' tmat chpr ocesscont r ol l i mi t s e. howoper at i onsaf f ectcer t ai nchar act er i st i csofapr oduct c( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 72. Pr oducer ' sr i ski st hepr obabi l i t yof a.accept i ngagoodl ot b.r ej ect i ngagoodl ot c. r ej ect i ngabadl ot d.accept i ngabadl ot e. noneoft heabov e b( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 73. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngt her el at i onshi pbet weenAOQandt het r ue popul at i onper centdef ect i v e? a.AOQi sgr eat ert hant het r ueper centdef ect i v e. b.AOQi st hesameast het r ueper centdef ect i v e. c. AOQi sl esst hant het r ueper centdef ect i v e. d.Ther ei snor el at i onshi pbet weenAOQandt het r ueper centdef ect i v e. e. Ther el at i onshi pbet weent heset wocannotbedet er mi ned. c( Accept ancesampl i ng, di f f i cul t ) 74. Av er ageout goi ngqual i t y( AOQ)usual l y a.wor senswi t hi nspect i on b.st ay st hesamewi t hi nspect i on c. i mpr ov eswi t hi nspect i on d.mayei t heri mpr ov eorwor senwi t hi nspect i on e. i st heav er agequal i t ybef or ei nspect i on c( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 75. ATy peIer r oroccur swhen a.agoodl oti sr ej ect ed b.abadl oti saccept ed c. t henumberofdef ect i v esi sv er yl ar ge d.t hepopul at i oni swor set hant heAQL e. noneoft heabov e a( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 76. ATy peI Ier r oroccur swhen a.agoodl oti sr ej ect ed b.abadl oti saccept ed CXXXI I c. t hepopul at i oni swor set hant heLTPD d.t hepr opor t i onofdef ect i v esi sv er ysmal l e. noneoft heabov e b( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 77. I nmostaccept ancesampl i ngpl ans, whenal oti sr ej ect ed, t heent i r el oti si nspect edand al l def ect i v ei t emsar er epl aced.Whenusi ngt hi st echni quet heAOQ a.wor sens( AOQbecomesal ar gerf r act i on) b.i mpr ov es( AOQbecomesasmal l erf r act i on) c. i snotaf f ect ed, butt heAQLi si mpr ov ed d.i snotaf f ect ed e. f al l st ozer o b( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 78. Anaccept ancesampl i ngpl ani st obedesi gnedt omeett heor gani zat i on' st ar get sf or pr oductqual i t yandr i skl ev el s.Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r ue? a.nandcdet er mi net heAQL. b.AQL, LTPD, and col l ect i v el ydet er mi nenandc. c. nandcar edet er mi nedf r om t hev al uesofAQLandLTPD. d. and ar edet er mi nedf r om t hev al uesofAQLandLTPD. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. b( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 79. Al ott hati saccept edbyaccept ancesampl i ng a.hasmor edef ect st hanexi st edbef or et hesampl i ng b.hashadal l i t sdef ect sr emov edby100%i nspect i on c. wi l l hav et hesamedef ectper cent ageast heLTPD d.hasnodef ect spr esent e. Al l oft heabov ear ef al se. e( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 80. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngst at ement saboutaccept ancesampl i ngi st r ue? a.Thest eeperanOCcur v e, t hebet t eri tdi scr i mi nat esbet weengoodandbadl ot s. b.Accept ancesampl i ngr emov esal l def ect i v ei t ems. c. Accept ancesampl i ngofi ncomi ngl ot si sr epl aci ngst at i st i cal pr ocesscont r ol att he suppl i er . d.Accept ancesampl i ngoccur scont i nuousl yal ongt heassembl yl i ne. e. Al l oft heabov ear et r ue. a( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 81. Whi choft hef ol l owi ngi st r uer egar di ngt heav er ageout goi ngqual i t yl ev el ? a.AnAOQv al ueof1i si deal , becauseal l def ect shav ebeenr emov ed. b.AOQi sal way sgr eat ert hanAQLbutl esst hanLTPD. c. AOQr i ses( wor sens)f ol l owi ngi nspect i onoff ai l edl ot s. d.AOQi sv er yl ow( v er ygood)f orext r emel ypoorqual i t yl ot s. e. Noneoft heabov ei st r ue. d( Accept ancesampl i ng, di f f i cul t ) CXXXI I I FI LLI NTHEBLANK 82. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sv ar i at i oni napr oduct i onpr ocesst hatcanbet r acedt ospeci f i ccauses. Assi gnabl ev ar i at i on( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 83. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st hechi efwayt ocont r ol at t r i but es. Pchar t( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 84. I fapr ocesshasonl ynat ur al v ar i at i ons, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _per centoft het i met hesampl eav er ages wi l l f al l i nsi det he ( or )cont r ol l i mi t s. 99. 73( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 85. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i saqual i t ycont r ol char tt hati ndi cat eswhenchangesoccuri nt hecent r al t endencyofapr oduct i onpr ocess. xbarchar t( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 86. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ar ecal cul at edt oshowhowmuchal l owanceshoul dbemadef ornat ur al v ar i at i on. UCLandLCL, orupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t s( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , easy ) 87. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i saqual i t ycont r ol char tusedt ocont r ol t henumberofdef ect speruni tof out put . cchar t( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 88. Thet er m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i susedt odescr i behowwel l apr ocessmakesuni t swi t hi ndesi gn speci f i cat i ons( ort ol er ances) . pr ocesscapabi l i t y( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 89. ACpki ndexgr eat ert han_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sacapabl epr ocess, onet hatgener at esf ewert han2. 7 def ect sper1000att he± l ev el . uni t y , or1( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 90. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i samet hodofmeasur i ngsampl esofl ot sorbat chesofpr oductagai nst pr edet er mi nedst andar ds. Accept ancesampl i ng( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 91. A( n)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i sagr apht hatdescr i beshowwel l anaccept ancepl andi scr i mi nat es bet weengoodandbadl ot s. OCoroper at i ngchar act er i st i cscur v e( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 92. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st hepoor estl ev el ofqual i t yt hatwear ewi l l i ngt oaccept . AQLoraccept abl equal i t yl ev el ( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 93. The_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _i st heper centdef ect i v ei nanav er agel otofgoodsi nspect edt hr ough accept ancesampl i ng. AOQorav er ageout goi ngqual i t y( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) CXXXI V SHORTANSWER 94. Whati st hebasi cobj ect i v eofapr ocesscont r ol sy st em? I ti st opr ov i deast at i st i cal si gnal whenassi gnabl ecausesofv ar i at i onar epr esent . ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 95. Br i ef l yexpl ai nwhatt heCent r al Li mi tTheor em hast odowi t hcont r ol char t s. TheCLTunder l i est hedi st r i but i onofsampl emeansandt hest andar ddev i at i onofsampl e means.I tl eadst ot heusabi l i t yoft henor mal di st r i but i oni ncont r ol char t s.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 96. Whatar et het hr eepossi bl er esul t s( orf i ndi ngs)f r om t heuseofcont r ol char t s? Ther esul t sofacont r ol char tcani ndi cat e( a)i ncont r ol andcapabl e, ( b)i ncont r ol butnot capabl e, and( c)outofcont r ol .( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 97. Whydor angechar t sexi st ?Ar en' txbarchar t senough? Rangechar t sandmeanchar t sper f or m di f f er entf unct i ons.Themeanchar ti susedt o det ectchangesi nt heav er ageofapr ocess.Butt hatav er agemi ghtst ayt hesamewhi l e out puti sget t i ngmor escat t er ed.Thepur poseoft her angechar ti st odet ectchangesi n t hedi sper si onofapr ocess.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 98. Exami net heSt at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol out put sbel ow.Answert hef ol l owi ngquest i ons. a.Whati st hesampl esi ze? b.Whati st henumberofsampl es? c.Whati st hemeanofsampl e8; whati st her angeofsampl e10? d. .I st hi spr ocessi ncont r ol ?Expl ai nasi mpl eYesorNoi si nsuf f i ci ent . e.Whataddi t i onal st epsshoul dt hequal i t yassur ancet eam t ake? Mean Range UCL( Uppercont r ol l i mi t ) 12. 6856 1. 0193 CL( Cent erl i ne) 12. 36 0. 67 LCL( Lowercont r ol l i mi t ) 12. 0344 0 Sampl eNumber I t em1 I t em2 I t em3 I t em4 Mean Range Sampl e1 12. 2 12. 6 12 12. 1 12. 225 0. 6 Sampl e2 11. 9 12. 5 12. 4 12. 7 12. 375 0. 8 Sampl e3 12 12. 2 12. 9 13. 1 12. 55 1. 1 Sampl e4 12. 5 12. 5 12. 4 12. 8 12. 55 0. 4 Sampl e5 12. 2 12. 8 12. 7 12 12. 425 0. 8 Sampl e6 12. 1 12. 5 11. 8 12. 3 12. 175 0. 7 Sampl e7 12. 3 12. 4 12. 8 12. 4 12. 475 0. 5 Sampl e8 12 12. 1 12. 4 12. 2 12. 175 0. 4 Sampl e9 12. 1 12. 8 12. 4 11. 9 12. 3 0. 9 Sampl e10 12. 6 12. 4 12. 1 12. 3 12. 35 0. 5 Thesampl esi zei s4; t ensampl eswer et aken.Themeanofsampl e8i s12. 175; t her ange ofsampl e10i s0. 5.Thi schar ti sbui l ton2si gmal i mi t s, sot hepr obabi l i t yofaf al se si gnal i sabout4. 5%.Thepr ocessi snoti ncont r ol —whi l eal l meansar ewi t hi nl i mi t s, t he r angef orsampl e3i st ool ar ge.I nv est i gat ef orassi gnabl ecauseandel i mi nat et hatcause. ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , di f f i cul t ) 99. Can" i ncont r ol "and" capabl e"beshownont hesamechar t ? CXXXV Onl yi ndi r ect l y .Thechar ti l l ust r at i ngcont r ol pl ot st heav er agesofsmal l sampl es, whi l e " Capabi l i t y "i sbasedont hedi mensi onsofi ndi v i dual uni t s.Fi gur eS6. 2suggest st hatan ov er l ywi der angef orsampl emeansi mpl i esanov er l yl ar ger angef ori ndi v i dual v al uesas wel l .( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 100.Whati st hedi f f er encebet weennat ur al andassi gnabl ecausesofv ar i at i on? Nat ur alv ar i at i onsar et hosev ar i at i onst hatar ei nher enti nt hepr ocessandf orwhi cht her e i snoi dent i f i abl ecause.Thesev ar i at i onsf al li nanat ur alpat t er n.Assi gnabl ecausesar e v ar i at i onsbey ondt hoset hatcanbeexpect edt ooccurbecauseofnat ur al v ar i at i on.These v ar i at i onscanbet r acedt oaspeci f i ccause.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 101.Whyar e andRchar t susual l yusedhandi nhand? Theul t i mat egoal oft he andRchar t si st oascer t ai n, byasampl i ngpr ocedur e, t hatt he r el ev antpar amet eri skeptwi t hi nspeci f i cupperandl owerbounds.TheXbarchar tal one t el l susonl yt hatt heav er ageorv ar i abl ev al uesar ewi t hi nt heappr opr i at el i mi t s.The combi nat i onof andt heRchar t sal l owsonet odet er mi net hatbot ht heav er ageandt he dev i at i onsar ewi t hi nt hel i mi t s.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 102.Whatdoesi tmeanf orapr ocesst obe" capabl e" ? Pr ocesscapabi l i t yi mpl i est hatt henat ur al v ar i at i onoft hepr ocessmustbesmal l enough t opr oducepr oduct st hatmeett hespeci f i cat i onsort ol er ancesr equi r ed.( Pr ocess capabi l i t y , moder at e) 103.Whati st hedi f f er encebet weent hepr ocesscapabi l i t yr at i oCpandt hepr ocesscapabi l i t y i ndexCpk? TheCpr at i odoesnotconsi derhowwel l t hepr ocessav er agei scent er edont het ar get v al ue.Howev er , Cpkdoesconsi derhowwel l t hepr ocessi scent er ed.( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 104.Apr ocessi soper at i ngi nsuchamannert hatt hemeanoft hepr ocessi sexact l yont he l owerspeci f i cat i onl i mi t .Whatmustbet r ueaboutt het womeasur esofcapabi l i t yf ort hi s pr ocess? TheCpr at i odoesnotconsi derhowwel l t hepr ocessav er agei scent er edont het ar get v al ue; i t sv al uei sunaf f ect edbyt heset t i ngf ort hepr ocessmean.Howev er , Cpkdoes consi derhowwel l t hepr ocessi scent er ed; wi t hxbaront heLSL, t hef or mul aguar ant ees aCpkofzer o.( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 105.Whati saccept ancesampl i ng? Accept ancesampl i ngi samet hodofmeasur i ngr andom sampl esofl ot sorbat chesof pr oduct sagai nstpr edet er mi nedst andar ds.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 106.Whydoesn' taccept ancesampl i ngr emov eal l def ect sf r om abat ch? Accept ancesampl i ngi samet hodofmeasur i ngr andom sampl esofl ot sorbat chesof pr oduct sagai nstpr edet er mi nedst andar ds.Accept ancesampl i ngi snot100per cent i nspect i on.Basedonsampl i ngr esul t s, t heent i r ebat chi sei t heraccept edorr ej ect ed.A bat chmaycont ai nsmal l number sofdef ect sandst i l l meett hest andar df oraccept ance. ( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 107.Whati st hepur poseoft heOper at i ngChar act er i st i cscur v e? CXXXVI AnOCcur v epl ot st hepr obabi l i t yofaccept anceagai nstt heper cent ageofdef ect si nt he l ot .I tt her ef or eshowshowwel l anaccept ancesampl i ngpl andi scr i mi nat esbet ween goodandbadl ot s.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 108.Whati st heAOQofanaccept ancesampl i ngpl an? TheAOQi st heav er ageout goi ngqual i t y .I ti st heper centdef ect i v ei nanav er agel otof goodsi nspect edt hr oughanaccept ancesampl i ngpl an.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 109.Def i neconsumer ' sr i sk.Howdoesi tr el at et ot heer r or sofhy pot hesi st est i ng?Whati st he sy mbol f ori t sv al ue? Theconsumer ' sr i ski st hepr obabi l i t yofaccept i ngabadl ot .I ti saTy peI Ier r or ; i t sv al ue i sbet a.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 110.Whatf ourel ement sdet er mi net hev al ueofav er ageout goi ngqual i t y ?Whydoest hi scur v e r i se, peak, andf al l ? Thef ourel ement sar et het r ueper centdef ect i v eoft hel ot , t hepr obabi l i t yofaccept i ngt he l ot , t henumberofi t emsi nt hel ot , andt henumberofi t emsi nt hesampl e.AOQi snear zer of orv er ygoodout put( whi chhasf ewdef ect st of i nd)andf orv er ybadout put( whi ch of t enf ai l si nspect i onandhasi t sdef ect sr emov ed) .AOQhashi gherv al uesf orout putof i nt er medi at equal i t y , f orwhi cht hepr obabi l i t yofr ej ect i oni snotv er yhi gh.( Accept ance sampl i ng, moder at e) 111.Whatdot het er mspr oducer ' sr i skandconsumer ' sr i skmean? Pr oducer ’ sr i sk:t her i skofr ej ect i ngagoodl ot ;Consumer ’ sr i sk:t her i skofaccept i nga def ect i v el ot( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 112.Pi er r e' sMot or i zedPi r oguesandMudboat si sset t i ngupanaccept ancesampl i ngpl anf or t hespeci al ai rcl eaner shemanuf act ur esf orhi sboat s.Hi sspeci f i cat i ons, andt he r esul t i ngpl an, ar eshownont hePOM f orWi ndowsout putbel ow.I nr el at i v el ypl ai nEngl i sh ( someoneel sewi l l t r ansl at ef orPi er r e) , expl ai nexact l ywhathewi l l dowhenper f or mi ng t heaccept ancesampl i ngpr ocedur e, andwhatact i onshemi ghtt akebasedont her esul t s. Pi er r eshoul dsel ectsampl esofsi ze175f r om hi sl ot sofai rcl eaner s.Heshoul dcountt he numberofdef ect si neachsampl e.I ft her ear e4orf ewerdef ect s, t hel otpasses i nspect i on.I ft her ear e5ormor edef ect s, t hel otf ai l si nspect i on.Lot st hatf ai l canbe handl edsev er al way s: t heycanbe100%i nspect edt or emov edef ect s; t heycanbesol dat adi scount ; t heycanbedest r oy ed; t heycanbesentbackf orr ewor k, et c.( Accept ance sampl i ng, moder at e) CXXXVI I 113.Pi er r e' sMot or i zedPi r oguesandMudboat si sset t i ngupanaccept ancesampl i ngpl anf or t hespeci al ai rcl eaner shemanuf act ur esf orhi sboat s.Hi sspeci f i cat i ons, andt he r esul t i ngpl an, ar eshownont hePOM f orWi ndowsout putbel ow.Pi er r ei sabi tconf used. Hemi st akenl yt hi nkst hataccept ancesampl i ngwi l l r ej ectal l badl ot sandacceptal l good l ot s.Expl ai nwhyt hi swi l l nothappen. Accept ancesampl i ngcannotdi scr i mi nat eper f ect l ybet weengoodandbadl ot s; t hi si s i l l ust r at edbyt heOCcur v et hati snotst r ai ghtupanddown.I nt hi sexampl e, " good"l ot s wi l l st i l l ber ej ect edal most5%oft het i me." Bad"l ot swi l l st i l l beaccept edal most5%of t het i me.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 114.Pi er r e' sMot or i zedPi r oguesandMudboat si sset t i ngupanaccept ancesampl i ngpl anf or t hespeci al ai rcl eaner shemanuf act ur esf orhi sboat s.Hi sspeci f i cat i ons, andt he r esul t i ngpl an, ar eshownont hePOM f orWi ndowsout putbel ow.Pi er r ewant saccept ance sampl i ngt or emov eALLdef ect sf r om hi spr oduct i onofai rcl eaner s.Expl ai ncar ef ul l ywhy t hi swon' thappen. Accept ancesampl i ngi snoti nt endedt or emov eal l def ect s, norwi l l i t .Consi deral otwi t h adef ectr at eof0. 005i nt hi sex ampl e.I ft hesampl ei sr epr esent at i v e, t hel otwi l l pass i nspect i onwhi chmeanst hatnoonewi l l i nspectt hel otf ordef ect s.Thedef ect st hat wer epr esentbef or esampl i ngar est i l l t her e.Gener al l y , accept ancesampl i ngpasses somel ot sandr ej ect sot her s.Def ect scanonl yber emov edf r om t hosel ot st hatf ai l i nspect i on.( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) CXXXVI I I PROBLEMS 115.Aqual i t yanal y stwant st oconst r uctasampl emeanchar tf orcont r ol l i ngapackagi ng pr ocess.Heknowsf r om pastex per i encet hatt hepr ocessst andar ddev i at i oni st wo ounces.Eachdayl astweek, her andoml ysel ect edf ourpackagesandwei ghedeach.The dat af r om t hatact i v i t yappear sbel ow. Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thur sday Fr i day Package1 23 23 20 18 18 Wei ght Package2 Package3 22 23 21 19 19 20 19 20 20 22 Package4 24 21 21 19 20 ( a)Cal cul at eal l sampl emeansandt hemeanofal l sampl emeans. ( b)Cal cul at eupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t st hatal l ow f ornat ur al v ar i at i ons. ( c)I st hi spr ocessi ncont r ol ? ( a)Thef i v esampl emeansar e23, 21, 20, 19, and20.Themeanofal l sampl emeansi s 20. 6 ( b)UCL= =22. 6; LCL= =18. 6 ( c)Sampl e1i sabov et heUCL; al l ot her sar ewi t hi nl i mi t s.Thepr ocessi soutofcont r ol . ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 116.Aqual i t yanal y stwant st oconst r uctasampl emeanchar tf orcont r ol l i ngapackagi ng pr ocess.Heknowsf r om pastex per i encet hatwhent hepr ocessi soper at i ngasi nt ended, packagi ngwei ghti snor mal l ydi st r i but edwi t hameanoft went younces, andapr ocess st andar ddev i at i onoft woounces.Eachdayl astweek, her andoml ysel ect edf our packagesandwei ghedeach.Thedat af r om t hatact i v i t yappear sbel ow. Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thur sday Fr i day Package1 23 23 20 18 18 Wei ght Package2 Package3 22 23 21 19 19 20 19 20 20 22 Package4 24 21 21 19 20 ( a)I fheset sanuppercont r ol l i mi tof21andal owercont r ol l i mi tof19ar oundt het ar get v al ueoft went younces, whati st hepr obabi l i t yofconcl udi ngt hatt hi spr ocessi soutof cont r ol wheni ti sact ual l yi ncont r ol ? ( b)Wi t ht heUCLandLCLofpar ta, whatdoy ouconcl udeaboutt hi spr ocess—i si ti n cont r ol ? ( a)Thesecont r ol l i mi t sar eonest andar der r orawayf r om t hecent er l i ne, andt husi ncl ude 68. 268per centoft hear eaundert henor mal di st r i but i on.Ther ei st her ef or ea31. 732 per centchancet hat , whent hepr ocessi soper at i ngi ncont r ol , asampl ewi l l i ndi cat e CXXXI X ot her wi se. ( b)Themeanofsampl e1l i esout si det hecont r ol l i mi t s.Al l ot herpoi nt sar eonorwi t hi n t hel i mi t s.Thepr ocessi snoti ncont r ol . ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 117.Anoper at ort r ai neei sat t empt i ngt omoni t oraf i l l i ngpr ocesst hathasanov er al l av er age of705cc.Theav er ager angei s17cc.I fy ouuseasampl esi zeof6, whatar et heupper andl owercont r ol l i mi t sf ort heXbarandRchar t ? Fr om t abl e, A2=0. 483, D4=2. 004, D3=0 UCL = +A2* LCL = -A2* =705+0. 483x17 =705-0. 483*17 =713. 211 =696. 789 ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) UCLR=D4* =2. 004*17 =34. 068 LCLR=D3* =0*17 =0 118.Thedef ectr at ef orapr oducthashi st or i cal l ybeenabout1. 6%.Whatar et heupperand l owercont r ol char tl i mi t sf orapchar t , i fy ouwi sht ouseasampl esi zeof100and3si gmal i mi t s? UCLp=p+3. =0. 016+3. =. 0536 LCLp=p-3. =0. 016-3. =0. 0216, orzer o. ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 119.Asmal l , i ndependentamusementpar kcol l ect sdat aont henumberofcar swi t hout of st at el i censepl at es.Thesampl esi zei sf i xedatn=25eachday .Dat af r om t hepr ev i ous10 day si ndi cat et hef ol l owi ngnumberofout of st at el i censepl at es: Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Out of st at e Pl at es 6 4 5 7 8 3 4 5 3 2 CXL a.Cal cul at et heov er al l pr opor t i onof" t our i st s"( car swi t hout of st at epl at es)andt he st andar ddev i at i onofpr opor t i ons. b.Usi ng l i mi t s, cal cul at et heLCLandUCLf ort hesedat a. c. I st hepr ocessundercont r ol ?Expl ai n. Sol ut i ononf ol l owi ngpage. CXLI ( a)pbari s56/ 250=0. 244; t hest andar ddev i at i onofpr opor t i onsi st hesquar er ootof . 224x. 776/25=0. 0834 ( b)UCL=. 224+3x0. 834=. 4742; LCL=. 2243x. 0834whi chi snegat i v e, sot heLCL=0 ( c)Al l t hepoi nt sar ewi t hi nt hecont r ol l i mi t s.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLI I 120.Car t onsofPl ast erofPar i sar esupposedt owei ghexact l y32oz.I nspect or swantt o dev el oppr ocesscont r ol char t s.Theyt aket ensampl esofsi xboxeseachandwei ght hem. Basedont hef ol l owi ngdat a, comput et hel oweranduppercont r ol l i mi t sanddet er mi ne whet hert hepr ocessi si ncont r ol . Sampl e Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 33. 8 34. 6 34. 7 34. 1 34. 2 34. 3 33. 9 34. 1 34. 2 34. 4 Range 1. 1 0. 3 0. 4 0. 7 0. 3 0. 4 0. 5 0. 8 0. 4 0. 3 n=6; =34. 23; =0. 52. Uppercont r ol l i mi t34. 48116 1. 04208 Cent erl i ne 34. 23 0. 52 Lowercont r ol l i mi t33. 97884 0 Themeanv al uesf orsampl es1, 2, 3, and7f al l out si det hecont r ol l i mi t sont heXbar char tandsampl e1f al l sout si det heupperl i mi tont heRchar t .Ther ef or e, t hepr ocessi s outofcont r ol .( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLI I I 121.McDani el Shi py ar dswant st odev el opcont r ol char t st oassesst hequal i t yofi t sst eel pl at e. Theyt aket ensheet sof1"st eel pl at eandcomput et henumberofcosmet i cf l awsoneach r ol l .Eachsheeti s20' by100' .Basedont hef ol l owi ngdat a, dev el opl i mi t sf ort hecont r ol char t , pl ott hecont r ol char t , anddet er mi newhet hert hepr ocessi si ncont r ol . Numberof Sheet f l aws 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 0 5 1 6 5 7 0 8 2 9 0 10 2 Tot al uni t ssampl ed 10 Tot al def ect s 14 Def ectr at e, l 1. 4 St andar ddev i at i on 1. 183216 zv al ue 3 UpperCont r ol Li mi t4. 949648 Cent erLi ne 1. 4 LowerCont r ol Li mi t 0 Sampl esi xi sabov et hecont r ol l i mi t s; t her ef or e, t hepr ocessi soutofcont r ol . ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLI V 122.Themeanandst andar ddev i at i onsf orapr ocessar e =90and =9.Fort hev ar i abl e cont r ol char t , asampl esi zeof16wi l l beused.Cal cul at et hest andar ddev i at i onoft he sampl i ngdi st r i but i on. Si gmaxbar= ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 123.I f =9ounces, =0. 5ounces, andn=9, cal cul at et he3si gmacont r ol l i mi t s. 8. 50t o9. 50ounces ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 124.Ahospi t al bi l l i ngaudi t orhasbeeni nspect i ngpat i entbi l l s.Whi l eal mostal l bi l l scont ai n someer r or s, t heaudi t ori sl ooki ngnowf orl ar geer r or s( er r or si nexcessof$250) .Among t hel ast100bi l l si nspect ed, t hedef ectr at ehasbeen16%.Cal cul at et heupperandl ower l i mi t sf ort hebi l l i ngpr ocessf or99. 7%conf i dence. 0. 16pl usormi nus3x0. 03667, or. 050t o0. 270 ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 125.Al ocal manuf act ur ersuppl i esy ouwi t hpar t s, andy ouwoul dl i ket oi nst al l aqual i t y moni t or i ngsy st em athi sf act or yf ort hesepar t s.Hi st or i cal l y , t hedef ectr at ef ort hese par t shasbeen1. 25per cent( You' v eobser v edt hi sf r om y ouraccept ancesampl i ng pr ocedur es, whi chy ouwoul dl i ket odi scont i nue) .Dev el op cont r ol l i mi t sf ort hi s pr ocess.Assumet hesampl esi zewi l l be200i t ems. pbari s0. 0125; t hest andar der r oroft hepr opor t i oni s =0. 00786. Theuppercont r ol l i mi ti s0. 0125+3x0. 00786=0. 3608; t hel owercont r ol l i mi ti s0. 0125 –3x0. 00786whi chi snegat i v e, sot heLCLi s0. ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 126.Repeat edsampl i ngofacer t ai npr ocessshowst heav er ageofal l sampl er angest obe1. 0 cm.Thesampl esi zehasbeenconst antatn=5.Whatar et he3si gmacont r ol l i mi t sf or t hi sRchar t ? zer ot o2. 115 ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 127.Awoodwor keri sconcer nedaboutt hequal i t yoft hef i ni shedappear anceofherwor k.I n sampl i nguni t sofaspl i t wi l l owhandwov enbasket , shehasf oundt hef ol l owi ngnumber off i ni shdef ect si nt enuni t ssampl ed: 4, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2. a.Cal cul at et heav er agenumberofdef ect sperbasket b.I f3si gmacont r ol l i mi t sar eused, cal cul at et hel owercont r ol l i mi t , cent er l i ne, andupper cont r ol l i mi t . ( a)1. 5; ( b)0, 1. 5, and5. 2. ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 128.Thewi dt hofabr onzebari si nt endedt obeoneei ght hofani nch( 0. 125i nches) . I nspect i onsampl escont ai nf i v ebar seach.Theav er ager angeoft hesesampl esi s0. 01 i nches.Whatar et heupperandl owercont r ol l i mi t sf ort heXbarandRchar tf ort hi s pr ocess, usi ng3si gmal i mi t s? Xbar :LCL=. 119; UCL=. 131.R:LCL=0. 0; UCL=. 021 ( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLV 129.Apar tt hatconnect st wol ev el sshoul dhav eadi st ancebet weent het wohol esof4" .I thas beendet er mi nedt hatXbarandRchar t sshoul dbesetupt odet er mi nei ft hepr ocessi si n st at i st i cal cont r ol .Thef ol l owi ngt ensampl esofsi zef ourwer ecol l ect ed.Cal cul at et he cont r ol l i mi t s, pl ott hecont r ol char t s, anddet er mi nei ft hepr ocessi si ncont r ol . Sampl e1 Sampl e2 Sampl e3 Sampl e4 Sampl e5 Sampl e6 Sampl e7 Sampl e8 Sampl e9 Sampl e 10 Mean 4. 01 3. 98 4. 00 3. 99 4. 03 3. 97 4. 02 3. 99 3. 98 Range 0. 04 0. 06 0. 02 0. 05 0. 06 0. 02 0. 02 0. 04 0. 05 4. 01 0. 06 xbarv al ue Rbar Uppercont r ol l i mi t Cent erl i ne Lowercont r ol l i mi t Xbar 3. 998 0. 042 4. 029 3. 998 3. 967 Range 0. 096 0. 042 0 Thepr ocessi soutofcont r ol becauseofsampl e5ont heXbarchar t .( St at i st i cal Pr ocess CXLVI Cont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLVI I 130.Tensampl esofsi zef ourwer et akenf r om apr ocess, andt hei rwei ght smeasur ed.The sampl eav er agesandsampl er angesar ei nt hef ol l owi ngt abl e.Const r uctandpl otanXbarandRchar tusi ngt hi sdat a.I st hepr ocessi ncont r ol ? Sampl e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean Range 20. 01 0. 45 19. 98 0. 67 20. 25 0. 30 19. 90 0. 30 20. 35 0. 36 19. 23 0. 49 20. 01 0. 53 19. 98 0. 40 20. 56 0. 95 19. 97 0. 79 xbarv al ue Rbar Uppercont r ol l i mi t Cent erl i ne Lowercont r ol l i mi t Xbar Range 20. 024 0. 524 20. 406 20. 024 19. 642 1. 196 0. 524 0 TheXbarchar ti soutofcont r ol , andt her ef or et hepr ocessi soutofcont r ol , because sampl es6and9ar eout si deoft hecont r ol l i mi t s.( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) CXLVI I I 131.Lar r y ' sboatshopwant st omoni t ort henumberofbl emi shesi nt hepai ntofeachboat . Const r uctacchar tt odet er mi nei ft hei rpai ntpr ocessi si ncont r ol usi ngt hef ol l owi ng dat a. Sampl eNumber 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Numberof Def ect s 3 4 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 3 Tot al uni t ssampl ed Tot al def ect s Def ectr at e, l St andar ddev i at i on zv al ue 10 25 2. 5 1. 581 3 UpperCont r ol Li mi t Cent erLi ne LowerCont r ol Li mi t 7. 243 2. 5 0 Thepr ocessi si ncont r ol .( St at i st i cal Pr ocessCont r ol ( SPC) , moder at e) 132.Thespeci f i cat i onsf oramani f ol dgaskett hati nst al l sbet weent woengi nepar t scal l sf ora t hi cknessof2. 500mm +. 020mm.Thest andar ddev i at i onoft hepr ocessi sest i mat edt o be0. 004mm.Whatar et heupperandl owerspeci f i cat i onl i mi t sf ort hi spr oduct ?The pr ocessi scur r ent l yoper at i ngatameant hi cknessof2. 50mm.( a)Whati st heCpf ort hi s pr ocess?( b)Aboutwhatper centofal l uni t soft hi sl i nerwi l l meetspeci f i cat i ons?Does t hi smeett het echni cal def i ni t i onofSi xSi gma? ( a)LSL=2. 48mm, USL=2. 52mm.Cp=( 2. 52–2. 48) / ( 6* 0. 004)=1. 67.( b)Each speci f i cat i onl i mi tl i es5st andar ddev i at i onsf r om t hecent er l i ne, sopr act i cal l y100 per centofuni t swi l l meetspeci f i cat i ons.Howev er , t hi sper cent agei snotqui t eashi ghas CXLI X Si xSi gmawoul dcal l f or .( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 133.Thespeci f i cat i onsf oramani f ol dgaskett hati nst al l sbet weent woengi nepar t scal l sf ora t hi cknessof2. 500mm +. 020mm.Thest andar ddev i at i onoft hepr ocessi sest i mat edt o be0. 004mm.Whatar et heupperandl owerspeci f i cat i onl i mi t sf ort hi spr oduct ?The pr ocessi scur r ent l yoper at i ngatameant hi cknessof2. 50mm.( a)Whati st heCpf ort hi s pr ocess?( b)Thepur chaseroft hesepar t sr equi r esacapabi l i t yi ndexof1. 50.I st hi s pr ocesscapabl e?I st hi spr ocessgoodenoughf ort hesuppl i er ?( c)I ft hepr ocessmean wer et odr i f tf r om i t sset t i ngof2. 500mm t oanewmeanof2. 497, woul dt hepr ocessst i l l begoodenoughf ort hesuppl i er ' sneeds? ( a)LSL=2. 48mm, USL=2. 52mm.Cp=( 2. 52–2. 48) / ( 6* 0. 004)=1. 67.( b)Yest obot h par t soft hequest i on.( c)TheCpki ndexi snowr el ev ant , andi t sv al uei st hel esserof1. 917 and1. 417.Thepr ocessi sst i l l capabl e, butnott ot hesuppl i er ' sneeds.( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 134.Thespeci f i cat i onf orapl ast i cl i nerf orconcr et ehi ghwaypr oj ect scal l sf orat hi cknessof 6. 0mm ±0. 1mm.Thest andar ddev i at i onoft hepr ocessi sest i mat edt obe0. 02mm. Whatar et heupperandl owerspeci f i cat i onl i mi t sf ort hi spr oduct ?Thepr ocessi sknown t ooper at eatameant hi cknessof6. 03mm.Whati st heCpandCpkf ort hi spr ocess?About whatper centofal l uni t soft hi sl i nerwi l l meetspeci f i cat i ons? LSL=5. 9mm, USL=6. 1mm.Cp i s( 6. 15. 9) / 6( . 02)=1. 67.Cpki st hel esserof( 6. 16. 03) / ( 3* 0. 02)=1. 17and( 5. 9-6. 03) / ( 3* 0. 02)=2. 17; t her ef or e, 1. 17.Theupper speci f i cat i onl i mi tl i esabout3st andar ddev i at i onsf r om t hecent er l i ne, andt hel ower speci f i cat i onl i mi ti sf ur t heraway , sopr act i cal l yal l uni t swi l l meetspeci f i cat i ons. ( Pr ocesscapabi l i t y , moder at e) 135.Thespeci f i cat i onf orapl ast i chandl ecal l sf oral engt hof6. 0i nches±. 2i nches.The st andar ddev i at i onoft hepr ocessi sest i mat edt obe0. 05i nches.Whatar et heupperand l owerspeci f i cat i onl i mi t sf ort hi spr oduct ?Thepr ocessi sknownt ooper at eatamean t hi cknessof6. 1i nches.Whati st heCpandCpkf ort hi spr ocess? I st hi spr ocesscapabl e ofpr oduci ngt hedesi r edpar t ? LSL=5. 8i nches, USL=6. 2i nches.Cp i s( 6. 25. 8) / 6( . 05)=1. 33.Cpki st hel esserof( 6. 26. 1) / ( 3* 0. 05)=. 67and( 5. 8-6. 1) / ( 3* 0. 02)=2. 00; t her ef or e, . 67.Thepr ocessi scapabl e basedupont heCp.Howev er , t hepr ocessi snotcent er ed( baseduponi t sCpk)andbased uponi t scur r entcent eri snotpr oduci ngpar t st hatar eofanaccept abl equal i t y .( Pr ocess capabi l i t y , moder at e) 136.I nt het abl ebel owar esel ect edv al uesf ort heOCcur v ef ort heaccept ancesampl i ngpl an n=210, c=6.Uponf ai l edi nspect i on, def ect i v ei t emsar er epl aced.Cal cul at et heAOQf or eachdat apoi nt .( Youmayassumet hatt hepopul at i oni smuchl ar gert hant hesampl e. ) Pl ott heAOQcur v e.Atappr oxi mat el ywhatpopul at i ondef ect i v er at ei st heAOQati t s wor st ?Expl ai nhowt hi shappens.Howwel l doest hi spl anmeett hespeci f i cat i onsof AQL=0. 015, =0. 05; LTPD=0. 05, =0. 10?Di scuss. Popul at i onper cent def ect i v e 0. 00 0. 01 0. 02 0. 03 Pr obabi l i t yof accept ance 1. 00000 0. 99408 0. 86650 0. 55623 CL 0. 04 0. 05 0. 06 0. 07 0. 08 0. 09 0. 10 0. 26516 0. 10056 0. 03217 0. 00905 0. 00231 0. 00054 0. 00012 Thepl anmeet st he andt he speci f i cat i onf ai r l ywel l . Popul at i onper cent def ect i v e Pr obabi l i t yof accept ance 0. 00 0. 01 0. 015 0. 02 0. 03 0. 04 0. 05 0. 06 0. 07 0. 08 0. 09 1. 000 0. 994 0. 958 0. 867 0. 558 0. 267 0. 102 0. 033 0. 009 0. 002 0. 001 AOQ 0. 0000 0. 0099 0. 0144 0. 0173 0. 0167 0. 0107 0. 0051 0. 0020 0. 0006 0. 0002 0. 0001 AtAQL maxi mum AtLTPD ( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) 137.I nt het abl ebel owar esel ect edv al uesf ort heOCcur v eassoci at edwi t ht heaccept ance sampl i ngpl ann=50, c=1.( Wat chout t hepoi nt sar enotev enl yspaced. )Assumet hat uponf ai l edi nspect i on, def ect i v ei t emsar er epl aced.Cal cul at et heAOQf oreachdat a poi nt .( Youmayassumet hatt hepopul at i oni smuchl ar gert hant hesampl e. )Pl ott heAOQ cur v e.Atappr oxi mat el ywhatpopul at i ondef ect i v er at ei st heAOQati t swor st ?Expl ai n howt hi shappens.Howwel l doest hi spl anmeett hespeci f i cat i onsofAQL=0. 0050, =0. 05; LTPD=0. 05, · =0. 10?Di scuss. Popul at i onper cent def ect i v e 0. 005 Pr obabi l i t yof accept ance 0. 97387 CLI 0. 01 0. 02 0. 03 0. 04 0. 05 0. 06 0. 08 0. 91056 0. 73577 0. 55528 0. 40048 0. 27943 0. 19000 0. 08271 Thi spl andoesnotmeett hespeci f i cat i onv er ywel l .At. 005def ect i v e, t hepr obabi l i t yof accept ancei snot95%butov er97.At0. 05def ect i v e, t heaccept ancer at ei snot5%but28. Popul at i onper cent Pr obabi l i t yof def ect i v e accept ance 0. 005 0. 97387 0. 01 0. 91056 0. 02 0. 73577 0. 03 0. 55528 0. 04 0. 40048 0. 05 0. 27943 0. 06 0. 19000 0. 08 0. 08271 ( Accept ancesampl i ng, moder at e) CLI I AOQ 0. 004869 atAQL 0. 009106 0. 014715 0. 016658 maxi mum 0. 016019 0. 013972 atLTPD 0. 0114 0. 006617