Review Questions Mid Term - Politology Pt1

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. States that exhibit a distinctive culture that is the “product of their entire history” are an example of a. political behavior. c. politics. b. political culture. d. state’s rights. 2. Which of the following types of political culture stresses the importance of the individual and private initiative? a. individualistic c. moralistic b. traditionalistic d. socialistic 3. Traditionalistic political cultures, according to Daniel Elazar, are typically found in the a. Northeast. c. South. b. West. d. Midwest. 4. Political culture is a term used to describe a. the level of education and learning in a particular state. b. the degree of public support for the arts. c. the broadly shared values and beliefs about government. d. the amount of partisan bickering in a state. 5. Which of the following would best characterize traditional, individualistic political culture? a. low taxes and minimized social services b. government is expected to take action to advance the public welfare c. government policies designed to benefit the political elite d. encouragement of active participation in government 6. Which of the following combinations of political cultures has most influenced Texas history and politics? a. individualistic and moralistic c. moralistic and traditionalistic b. individualistic and Puritan d. individualistic and traditionalistic 7. Which of the following does NOT reflect one of the historic characteristics that make up Texas political culture? a. provincialism c. the strong role of labor unions b. the dominance of business interests d. the dominance of the Democratic Party 8. Approximately how long did one-party Democratic rule last in Texas? a. 10 years c. 100 years b. 50 years d. 150 years 9. Provincialism is best defined as a. the belief that God will lead. b. a narrow view of the world. c. d. the belief in an active government. the belief in the free market. 10. Which of the following political groups have traditionally had the LEAST influence on Texas politics? a. labor unions c. trial lawyers b. business groups d. Democratic Party 11. Which of the following has traditionally dominated the political culture of Texas? a. labor unions c. environmentalist groups b. business interests d. the Catholic Church 12. Texas has four distinct physical regions EXCEPT a. the Gulf Coastal Plains. b. the Interior Lowlands. c. d. the Interior Highlands. the Great Plains. 13. Which economic industry does NOT originate in the Gulf Coastal Plains region? a. cattle raising c. cotton production b. timber production d. petrochemical 14. Texas’s political life grew out of which region? a. the Interior Lowlands b. the Gulf Coastal Plains c. d. the Interior Highlands the Great Plains 15. Houston is found in the Texas a. Interior Lowlands. b. Great Plains. c. d. Basin and Range Province. Gulf Coastal Plains. 16. Which city is located in the Great Plains region of Texas? a. Lubbock c. El Paso b. Fort Worth d. Houston 17. Big Bend is found in what region of Texas? a. the Interior Lowlands b. the Basin and Range Province c. d. the Gulf Coastal Plains the Great Plains 18. Politically, urban areas and suburban areas in Houston, Austin, and Dallas–Fort Worth can be characterized as ________ and ________ areas. a. Republican; Democratic c. Democratic; Republican b. Tea Party; Republican d. Democratic; Tea Party 19. Since the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the Border region, including El Paso, McAllen, and Brownsville, has remained politically a ________ bastion. a. Democratic Party c. Tea Party b. Republican Party d. competitive two-party 20. The term privatization of public property established a. Texas as the second-largest state in size, next to Alaska. b. the preservation of the Gulf Coastal Plains as the most important ongoing public policy. c. property rules and regulations under which economic development would take place in the state. d. the exact boundaries of Texas following the Mexican American War. 21. Which technological change did NOT help define and redefine the Texas political economy over the last 150 years? a. cotton production b. cattle distribution c. the oil industry d. large-scale irrigation from underwater reservoirs, particularly the Ogallala Aquifer 22. Which of the following elements dominated the land-based economy of post-Reconstruction Texas and is/are still important today? a. cattle only c. oil and cattle only b. cotton and oil only d. oil, cotton, and cattle 23. Who led the Grange and Populist movements of the late nineteenth century? a. tenant farmers c. labor union members b. cattle barons d. the railroad industry 24. Following the Civil War, the ________ industry took off. a. cattle c. oil b. cotton d. trade with Mexico 25. The origins of ranching and the cattle industry extend back to the late ________ century? a. seventeenth c. nineteenth b. eighteenth d. twentieth 26. Which event occurred at Spindletop, Texas? a. Oil was discovered. b. The first free-range ranch in Texas was established. c. The last battle for Texas independence was fought. d. The state’s worst race riots occurred. 27. The regulation of oil and energy in Texas is performed by a. the Texas Railroad Commission. c. the governor of Texas. b. the Texas Department of Oil and Gas. d. ExxonMobil. 28. New technologies such as ________ and ________ led to a new boom era of oil and gas production in Texas beginning in 2008 and continuing through today. a. oil; cotton c. fracking; vertical drilling b. horizontal drilling; fracking d. steel production; fracking 29. Higher education in Texas has benefited most from what industry? a. cattle c. oil & gas b. cotton d. dairy 30. Which two Texas metropolitan areas are national centers for the high-tech industry? a. Lubbock and Midland c. Dallas and Austin-San Marcos b. Houston and El Paso d. San Antonio and Waco 31. Technological change in Texas is best evidenced by the a. Civil War’s positive effect on the Texas economy. b. boom-and-bust cycle of the oil industry. c. development of a high-tech industry after a slump in oil prices. d. continued reliance on ranching. 32. Which country is the top importer of Texas exports? a. Canada c. b. China d. Taiwan Mexico 33. What year was the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed? a. 1972 c. 1988 b. 1982 d. 1992 34. Low taxes and low services, pro-business and free market government caused Texans to experience the ________. a. Texas economic miracle c. consolidation of the economy b. Great Recession of 2007 d. surge in real estate value 35. Which factor contributed to the increase in the population of Texas? a. domestic migration from Alaska and Hawaii b. international immigration from Asia c. a natural increase of births in proportion to deaths d. people moving to Texas from Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina 36. As of 2015, there were approximately ________ Latinos residing in Texas. a. 5.1 million c. 19 million b. 10.6 million d. 35 million 37. The white primary, which was the practice of excluding African Americans from Democratic Party elections in Texas, was found unconstitutional as a result of which court case? a. Griswold v. Connecticut c. Sweatt v. Painter b. NAACP v. Carson d. Smith v. Allwright 38. Which racial or ethnic group in Texas is concentrated in East Texas? a. Hispanics c. African Americans b. German Americans d. Asian Americans 39. When compared to the rest of the nation, the population of Texas a. is relatively young. b. is primarily an African American majority. c. has a lower percentage of its population living below the poverty level than the national poverty rate. d. has experienced a decline in Asian residents. 40. In 1950, the Supreme Court case Sweatt v. Painter a. guaranteed African Americans admission to Texas’s graduate and professional schools. b. outlawed poll taxes. c. ended segregation of public schools. d. ended black codes. 41. Which city in Texas currently has the largest population? a. San Antonio c. Houston b. Dallas d. El Paso 42. Which statement regarding urbanization in Texas is INCORRECT? a. More than 85 percent of Texans now live in urban areas. b. Historically, Texas urbanization depended on the spread of the railroads. c. The origins of cities in Texas are found in Native American civilizations. d. Urban life initially began along the Gulf Coast and gradually expanded west. 43. Dallas developed in the late nineteenth century as a result of a. the intersection of two railroad lines. b. the development of the Port of Dallas. c. the easy access to the Rio Grande River. d. the development of a large international airport. 44. Historically, the economy of Fort Worth has been associated with what industry? a. oil c. computer technology b. cattle d. shipping 45. The economy of San Antonio rests on all of the following EXCEPT a. national military bases. c. the high-tech industry. b. educational institutions. d. tourism. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is a function of a state constitution? a. to ensure the safety of its citizens by building a wall along the U.S.–Mexico border b. to concentrate power in the executive branch c. to set the proper tax rates for state and county authorities d. to forbid certain government actions by establishing civil liberties 2. Which of the following ideas does NOT unite the U.S. and Texas constitutional experiences? a. Political power in both the United States and Texas is derived from the people. b. Political power is divided by both the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitutions into three c. d. separate parts and placed in separate branches of government. The idea of individual rights. The subordinate role that Texas has in the federal system. 3. What does the Texas Constitution contain that the U.S. Constitution does not? a. Bill of Rights c. supremacy clause b. separation of powers d. equal rights amendment 4. The system of distributing powers between states and a central government is called a. federalism. c. constitutionalism. b. separation of powers. d. filtration. 5. Article VI of the U.S. Constitution contains the a. supremacy clause. b. separation of powers clause. c. d. necessary and proper clause. delegate powers. 6. Which is a true statement about the powers of the national government? a. The only powers of the national government are those specifically stated. b. The amount of power the national government has exercised has grown over the last 200 years as a result of the “necessary and proper clause.” c. Powers are determined by the supremacy clause. d. Powers of the national government are equal to the powers of the state governments. 7. Texas has operated under how many constitutions? a. 5 c. b. 6 d. 7 8 8. The current Texas Constitution borrowed all of the following from the Constitution of 1827 EXCEPT a. the establishment of Catholicism as the state religion. b. a guarantee of citizens’ rights to liberty, security, property, and equality. c. the curtailment of the spread of slavery. d. the legislature’s order to promote education. 9. Which provision of the 1836 Constitution was the most important adaptation of Spanish-American Law for the Texas Republic? a. the idea of community property c. a four-tiered judicial system b. a bicameral legislature d. a system of checks and balances 10. Texas became an independent republic in ________ and became part of the United States in ________. a. 1827; 1861 c. 1836; 1845 b. 1827; 1869 d. 1845; 1876 11. The main problem that stalled the admission of Texas into the United States was a. the lack of enough people in Texas. b. Texas’s overly large debt, which would have to be assumed by the federal government. c. that Texas would be a proslavery state. d. that foreign nations had refused to recognize an independent Texas. 12. Which of the following was NOT part of the annexation agreement between Texas and the United States? a. Texas could divide itself into as many as five separate states. b. Texas was responsible for paying all foreign debts it incurred while independent. c. Texas could maintain its own army and navy for 25 years. d. Texas would retain title to its public lands. 13. ________ dominated the secession convention of 1861. a. Landowners and cattlemen c. Supporters of Governor Sam Houston b. Lawyers and slaveholders d. Supporters of the Union 14. Which of the following statements about the Texas Constitutional Convention of 1865 is FALSE? a. Texas had to accept the abolition of slavery. b. Texas had to repudiate the war debt incurred by the state. c. Texas had to return to the federal government parts of Oklahoma seized by Texas Confederate soldiers. d. The state had to formally reject the right of secession. 15. Who were the Radical Republicans? a. those Republicans who proposed to write a new U.S. constitution in the late 1990s b. those Republicans after the Civil War who controlled Reconstruction policy in the former Confederate states c. the first Republicans since Reconstruction in Texas to win elected office during the 1960s d. followers of the pro-Union governor Sam Houston 16. The Texas Constitution of 1869 was created a. because Texas needed a new constitution when it joined the Confederacy. b. by members of the Texas Republican Party. c. in order to limit the power of state government. d. as a reaction against Reconstruction. 17. The Constitution of Reconstruction created a. a strong governor’s office. b. strong local government. c. d. a unicameral legislature. the election of judges. 18. Which statement best describes the post–Civil War governorship of E. J. Davis? a. Davis was a Democratic Confederate sympathizer who frequently clashed with the federal Congress. b. Davis tried to return Texas to independence rather than reenter the Union after the Civil War. c. Davis was a Republican who used the centralized powers of the governorship to maintain control over his regime. d. Davis sought to decentralize government in Texas, moving toward a policy of home rule. 19. The Reconstruction governor who initially refused to leave office after being ousted by voters was a. Richard Coke. c. John S. “Rip” Ford. b. Edmund J. Davis. d. A. J. Hamilton. 20. The domination of Texas politics by Republicans after the Civil War ended a. with the election of governor Richard Coke in 1873. b. with the victory of the Populist Party in 1892. c. in 1888, with violent riots by farmers in Houston, Dallas, and Austin. d. through a peaceful transfer of power in 1900. 21. What was Texas’s most progressive constitution in terms of power and organization? a. the Constitution of the Republic of Texas c. the Civil War Constitution of 1861 b. the “statehood constitution” of 1845 d. the Constitution of 1869 22. Who made up the Grange, and what effect did they have on the writing of the Texas Constitution? a. They were a consortium of railroad entrepreneurs who wanted a constitution that would aid business interests. b. They were a group of pro-Union Republicans who controlled the state after the Civil War. c. They were an agricultural group who wanted a government that would improve the plight of farmers. d. They were early wildcatters who wanted land grants from the state so they could explore for oil. 23. In what year was Texas’s current constitution ratified? a. 1828 c. 1876 b. 1845 d. 1846 24. Which principle of government is the key to understanding the drafting of the Texas Constitution of 1876? a. the need for governmental subsidy and regulation of economic growth b. the importance of civil right protections for African Americans and Latinos c. the necessity of strong limitations on the authority of state officials d. the value of states’ rights 25. The Mexican War of Independence against ________ grew out of the ________. a. Spain; Napoleonic Wars b. France; French Revolution c. Spain; U.S. War of Independence d. the United States; U.S. War of Independence 26. Which statement best describes the structure of the Texas legislature? a. Since independence from Mexico, Texas has had a bicameral legislature. b. Texas’s first unicameral legislature was established while the state was a member of the Confederacy. c. Texas has always had a unicameral legislature. d. Texas created the idea of a unicameral legislature. 27. The Texas Constitution of 1876 was written to a. prevent a direct reflection of the difference in its framers’ underlying goals. b. overcome the liabilities of the Articles of Confederation. c. create a government that could act effectively in the public welfare in a variety of policy areas. d. prevent the expansion of governmental authority that was perceived as acting against the interest of the people. 28. Which of the following was NOT a goal for those writing the Texas Constitution of 1876? a. to restrict the government’s ability to get into debt b. to limit the ability of the government to impose taxes c. to check the powers of the governor d. to give independence to the judiciary by making all judges appointed instead of elected 29. What is the major difference between the bill of rights in the Texas Constitution and the U.S. Bill of Rights? a. There is no bill of rights in the Texas Constitution. b. The Texas Constitution grants Texans rights that are not found in the U.S. Constitution. c. The Texas bill of rights is far less detailed than the federal Bill of Rights. d. The Texas Constitution has no specific rights for those accused of crimes. 30. Which of the following statements about republican government is INCORRECT? a. The right to republican government is not guaranteed in the Texas bill of rights. b. Republican government is part of a system of representative democracy. c. Under a representative government, power derives from the people. d. The Texas Constitution gives the people a right to reform or to abolish their government. 31. In addition to the preamble and appendix, how many articles are contained in the Texas Constitution? a. 10 c. 27 b. 17 d. 24 32. Which of the following is NOT found in the Texas bill of rights? a. guarantees of equal treatment under law b. guarantees of no religious tests for officeholders c. the right to employment d. the right to trial by jury 33. Which article of the Texas Constitution discusses free public education? a. 3 c. 5 b. 4 d. 7 34. Discussion of the judicial department is in Article ________ of the Texas Constitution. a. 2 c. 4 b. 3 d. 5 35. Under the Texas Constitution, who has the power of impeachment? a. The House of Representatives has the power to impeach, while the Senate has the power to try and convict. b. The Senate has the power to both impeach and convict. c. The House of Representatives has the power to impeach, while the state supreme court has the power to try and convict. d. Texas has no constitutional provisions for impeachment. 36. The Texas Constitution requires which of the following for amendment? a. a two-thirds vote in both houses of the state legislature and a majority vote from the voters of Texas b. only a majority vote from the voters of Texas c. the governor’s signature d. a two-thirds vote in county conventions convened for the purpose of amending the constitution 37. The Texas Constitution is a. a tightly argued, brief document of general principles. b. a long, complex, and detailed document. c. difficult to amend, compared to the U.S. Constitution. d. an economic treatise disguised as a blueprint for government. 38. The Texas Constitutional Convention of 1974 a. had delegates selected from the public by popular vote. b. was composed of members of the Texas House and Legislative Council. c. adopted a proposed constitution by a two-thirds vote. d. failed to agree on a proposed constitution. 39. The drive to rewrite the Texas Constitution in the 1970s grew out of a. a major stock fraud involving bribery of several elected officials, state party officials, and bankers. b. bitter politics coupled with the intense demands of highly mobilized special interests. c. Sharpstown State Bank swindling National Bankers Life Insurance Corporation for millions of dollars. d. Sharpstown State Bank’s involvement in the bribery of several state judges. 40. Which of the following is NOT a reason for low voter turnout for constitutional amendments? a. Most amendments are relatively insignificant for most voters. b. Many amendments are not controversial. c. Negative advertising in the media has had the effect of alienating possible voters. d. Elections for amendments are held in “off” years, when no candidates are on the ballot. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A system of government in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments is known as a. federalism. c. confederation. b. unitarianism. d. separation of powers. 2. ________ percent of the world’s population lives in the countries that are organized around a federal principle where there is a national government and regional government. a. Ten c. Thirty b. Twenty d. Forty 3. A defining characteristic of federalism is that a. rather than being held exclusively or primarily by one body, governing authority is divided at different levels between several bodies. b. the federal government wields ultimate authority in all matters. c. state governments can nullify the exercise of unpopular federal laws within their own states’ boundaries. d. state governments exist primarily to enact laws established by the national government. 4. Which amendment was commonly referred to as the States’ Rights Amendment? a. the Tenth Amendment c. the Nineteenth Amendment b. the Seventeenth Amendment d. the Sixteenth Amendment 5. During the Nullification Crisis of 1833, South Carolina tried to assert the right to veto (or nullify) a. national legislation passed by Congress. b. actions taken by the North Carolina and Georgia militias. c. Supreme Court rulings. d. presidential cabinet appointments. 6. The 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland case ________ the powers of the federal government. a. expanded c. reduced b. limited d. eliminated 7. In his landmark cases, Chief Justice John Marshall generally a. supported the authority of the federal government over that of state governments. b. enhanced the power of state governments over that of the federal government. c. maintained that the powers of the state and federal governments were identical and inseparable. d. reduced the power of the federal government at the expense of the state governments. 8. Which is a correct statement about the Tenth Amendment? a. The federal courts have frequently used this amendment to invalidate national government actions. b. In spite of this amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court in McCulloch v. Maryland permitted federal action through implied powers. c. The federal courts used this amendment to allow the national government to commandeer state agencies to the service of the federal government. d. The Tenth Amendment states that all powers not explicitly delegated to the national government are reserved for the states exclusively. 9. In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), the Supreme Court decided that a. states retained full authority to regulate commerce within their own borders and among their immediate neighbors. b. the federal government had authority to regulate only international commerce, not interstate commerce. c. the federal government had authority to regulate only interstate commerce, not international commerce. d. the federal government’s authority to regulate international and interstate commerce bestowed on it some power to regulate intrastate commerce. 10. Which Supreme Court case in 1869 resolved the debate over whether states can secede from the Union? a. Texas v. White c. Texas v. Chase b. Texas v. Marshall d. Texas v. Perry 11. According to the Tenth Amendment, any powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, a. b. c. d. can be claimed by the national government as necessary. belong exclusively to the people. belong exclusively to the states. belong to either the people or the state. 12. The understanding that the national government and state governments are both sovereign within their sphere of influence is called a. cooperative federalism. c. creative federalism. b. dual federalism. d. new federalism. 13. Dual federalism is also known as a. layer-cake federalism. b. cooperative federalism. c. d. coercive federalism. marble-cake federalism. 14. Under the New Deal, federalism is frequently described as a. New Federalism. c. cooperative federalism. b. coercive federalism. d. dual federalism. 15. For eligible participants, the Social Security Act of 1935 instituted all of the following EXCEPT a. a national retirement pension for the elderly. b. unemployment insurance for the unemployed. c. universal health care for all Americans. d. aid for the blind and disabled. 16. During which president’s administration did the federal government’s power, especially with regard to the economy, increase the most? a. Theodore Roosevelt c. Andrew Jackson b. Woodrow Wilson d. Franklin Roosevelt 17. In Wickard v. Filburn, the Supreme Court decided that a. Congress had improperly used the interstate commerce clause. b. Congress had no authority to regulate commerce. c. the regulatory power of the national government under the interstate commerce clause was so broad that there seemed no boundaries on national power. d. Roscoe Filburn was right and he was to be paid $117.11 by the federal government. 18. The use of block grants, allowing states considerable leeway in how federal money is spent, was championed by President ________ under the name New Federalism. a. McKinley c. Hoover b. Wilson d. Nixon 19. State and local governments have greater administrative flexibility with ________ than with categorical grants. a. matching grants c. block grants b. earmark grants d. project grants 20. Which of the following requires state governments to spend their own money to meet standards imposed on them by the federal government? a. categorical grants c. program grants b. block grants d. unfunded mandates 21. The supremacy clause, stipulated in Article VI of the Constitution, holds that a. in a conflict between federal and state laws, the former will override the latter. b. in the federal system established by the Constitution, the true source of sovereignty is the people. c. federal laws will be supreme in the national sphere, and state laws will be supreme in local affairs. d. as a sovereign institution, the state government only needs to obey the limits that it establishes for itself. 22. Controversy surrounding the Affordable Care Act is an example of the friction inherent in a. confederal systems. c. federalism. b. unitary systems. d. cooperative federal systems. 23. Until a national database was created, background checks by local law enforcement under the Brady Act were suspended following the Supreme Court’s ruling in a. United States v. Lopez. c. Printz v. United States. b. Gonzales v. Raich. d. South Dakota v. Dole. 24. Which court case involved the University of Texas at Austin encouraging African American students to attend a black law school that had been set up by Texas to provide a separate but equal education for black Texans? a. Sweatt v. Painter c. Brown v. Board of Education b. Plessy v. Ferguson d. McCulloch v. Maryland 25. In ________, the Supreme Court held that segregated public schools were inherently unequal. a. Plessy v. Ferguson c. Edgewood ISD v. Kirby b. Brown v. Board of Education d. San Antonio v. Rodriguez 26. The legal doctrine at issue in the Plessy v. Ferguson case is the a. separate but equal doctrine. c. hold and save harmless doctrine. b. privileges and immunities clause. d. supremacy clause. 27. Which court case in 2013 struck down the formula for determining the states covered under the Section 5 preclearance requirement of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? a. Rick Perry et al. v. Holder c. Reynolds v. Simms b. Shelby County v. Holder d. Texas v. Holder 28. In which 1989 court case did the Texas Supreme Court unanimously declare that the huge disparities between rich and poor school districts were unacceptable and order changes in the financing of Texas’s public schools? a. Edgewood v. Kirby c. Edgewood v. SAISD b. Edgewood v. Perry d. Rodriguez v. Edgewood 29. ________ provide(s) states constitutional protections that go above rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. a. The Fourteenth Amendment c. Independent state grounds b. The Fifteenth Amendment d. The Tenth Amendment 30. As federal regulations became more intrusive, forcing states to change their policies in order to meet national goals, some people began calling our system a ________ federalism. a. sovereign c. progressive b. dual d. coercive MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is a political party? a. a special type of interest group b. a group that represents a narrower range of policy interests than an interest group c. any group that opposes those who hold political power d. an organization that seeks to elect officeholders under a given label 2. Which is the most important function of parties in Texas? a. recruit candidates b. mobilize voters c. contest elections d. provide a party label with which voters can identify 3. ________ is the degree to which Republicans have become more conservative and Democrats have become more liberal. a. Partisan polarization c. The party platform b. The party line d. Party identification 4. Political parties to some extent help in a. assisting candidates with legal challenges to policy. b. raising money for constitutional amendments. c. training for a campaign. d. negative campaigning. 5. The most important goal of political parties is to a. fund political candidates. b. gain control of government through popular elections. c. organize political rallies. d. organize PACs. 6. Why might parties at the state level have less power than those at the national level? a. The creation of party primaries took control of the nomination from party leaders and gave it to the voters. b. Local issues are usually not ideological in nature. c. The rise of media campaigns made candidates more reliant on money than local party volunteers. d. Legislative campaign committees raise money from individuals and interest groups and then distribute it to candidates at the national political party level, thereby weakening the influence of the state party. 7. The degree to which members of the Texas Republican Party have become more conservative and members of the Texas Democratic Party have become more liberal is referred to as a. partisan drift. c. partisan polarization. b. partisan allegiance. d. the two-party system. 8. The process of ________ occurs throughout our early years, when parents, religious leaders, teachers, and others influence our partisan identifications. a. acculturation c. political culture b. political partisanship d. political socialization 9. Texans are increasingly identifying themselves as a. Republican. b. independent. c. d. Democratic. Libertarian. 10. In modern-day Texas, control of state government a. is shared between the two major parties. b. fluctuates often between the two major parties. c. lies solely in the hands of the Democrats. d. lies solely in the hands of the Republicans. 11. Why are Texas Republicans considered to be in a “divided moment”? a. because Republicans are divided over Latino voter recruitment b. because coalition between the Latino and African American voters has dominated state politics in recent years, and the Tea Party movement has begun to influence state legislative races as well as statewide races c. because of the rise of independent voters and the growing influence of the Tea Party movement d. because pro-business Republicans have dominated state politics in recent years, and the Tea Party movement has begun to influence state legislative races as well as major statewide races