Quiz 1 Review - Detailed

1.051 Structural Engineering Design 1.051 Structural Engineering Design QUIZ 1 REVIEW Example 1 (Flexural Strength of a Given Member) b = 12” d = 17.5” As = 4.00 in2 fy = 60,000 psi fc’ = 4000 psi d As b Find Mn, Mu Mu ≤ φMn; φ = 0.9 for flexure Therefore, with Mn, Mu can be calculated ρf y ⎞ ⎛ ⎟ M n = ρf y bd 2 ⎜⎜1 − ' ⎟ ⎝ 1 .7 f c ⎠ Æ Equation (1) Æ Equation (2) Æ Equation (3) 3 3 0.85β 1 f c' 87000 ⋅ = 0.0214 ρb = ⋅ 4 4 fy 87000 + f y Æ Equation (4) ∴ρmin ≤ ρ ≤ ¾(ρb) Æ Equation (5) ρ= As 4.00 = = 0.019 bd 12 × 17.5 Check ρ min = 200 = 0.0033 fy ∴ Mn = 3487 kips.in and Mu = 0.9 x Mn = 3138 kips.in 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 2 (Section Design with a Given Moment) Unknowns: Given: 1. b, d, h, As l = 15 feet DL = 1.27 kips/ft LL = 2.44 kips/ft fc’ = 4000 psi fy = 60,000 psi γc = 150 psf Assume b and h for self-eight determination: Let b = 10 in and h = 18 in d = 18 – 2.5 = 15.5 d/b = 1.5 Minimum depth for simply supported beam = l/16 = 15/16 . 12 = 11.25; OKAY! 2. Find the applied moment to be resisted W = 150 . (10/12) . (18/12) . (1/1000) = 0.1875 kips/ft (this is to be revised) Therefore, Wu = 1.4(1.27 + 0.1875) + 1.7(2.44) = 6.19 kips/ft Mu = wul2/8 = 6.19 (15)2/8 . 12 (ft/in) = 2089 kips.in 3. Compute ρmin & ρb; and choose ρ ρmin = 200/fy = 0.0033 ¾ ρb = 0.0214; use ρ = 0.0214 (Not economical, but adequate for demonstration purpose) Find the required bd2 ρf y ⎞ ⎛ ⎟ M u = φρf y (bd 2 )⎜⎜1 − ' ⎟ 1 . 7 f c ⎠ ⎝ bd2 = 2229 in2 Actual bd2 = 10. (15.5)2 = 2403 in2 > Required bd2 = 2229 in2; OKAY! 4. Assign rebar arrangement ρ = As/bd = 0.0214 As = 0.0214.b.d = 0.0214.10.(15.5) = 3.32 in2 (required) Provide 2#10 + 1#8 ∴ As provide = 3.32 in2 Note: ρ can be smaller and a larger section may be needed to improve cost and deflection performance. However, if there is architectural restrictions on sizes, a ρ with a value closer to the upper bound is normally used (to reduce section size as much as possible) 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 3 (Crack Width Determination) Given: b = 12” h = 20” As = 4.00 in2 (4 #9) fy = 60,000 psi Exposure = external w = 0.000091 f s 3 d c A Æ Equation 1 Æ Equation 2 fs = 0.6fy in kips = 0.6 x 60 = 36 kips/in dc = 2.5 in A = Aeff / N Aeff = web width x 2 x dc = 12 x 2 x 2.5 = 60 in2 N = Total As / area of largest bar = 4.00 / 1.00 = 4 Therefore, A = 60 / 4 = 15 in2 W = 0.011 in ACI Stipulation External exposure: Since, W < Wmax; OKAY! Wmax = 0.013 in 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 4 (Neutral Axis Location of Cracked Section) Given: Ec = 3,625,000 psi Es = 29,000,000 psi 3” As’ = 1.2 Y 17” As = 3 10” n = Es/Ec = 8 Locate the neutral axis by using C = T Transformed Section (n-1)As’ N.A nAs Therefore, Y (10) Y/2 + (n-1) As’ (Y-3) = nAs(17-5) 5Y2 + 7(1.2)(Y-3) = 8(3)(17-Y) Y = 6.62 in 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 5 (Moment of Cracked section0 Icr = bY3/12 + (n-1)As’(Y-3)2 + nAs(17-Y)2 = 10(6.62)3/3 + 7(1.2)(6.62 – 3)2 + 8(3)(176.62)2 = 3663 in4 Example 6 (Evaluate Stirrup Spacing for Different Shear Loads) b hf d NA As bw fc’ = 3000 psi fy = 60,000 psi Av = 0.22 in2 (#3 stirrup) Æ Π(3/8)2/4 x 2 legs Given b = 30” d = 16.5” bw = 10” φ = 0.85 for shear design Case 1: Case 2: Case 3: Vu = 12 kips Vu = 36 kips Vu = 42 kips Equations to be used: Vc = 2 f c' bw d s = d / 2; s = Vs = Vu φ Aw f y 50bw − Vc Vc = 2 (3000)1/2.10.(16.5) = 18.1 kips φVc/2 = 0.85 x 18.1 / 2 = 7.7 kips 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Case 1 Vu > φVc/2; But Vu < φVc since 12 > 7.7 since 12 < 15.4 Therefore, use minimum reinforcement, spacing is the smallest of s = d/2 = 16.5/2 = 8.25”, s = Avfy/(50bw) = 0.22 (60000) / (50 x 10) = 26.4”, Choose s = 8.25” Æ Æ Provide s = 8” theoretical practical Case 2 Vu > φVc since 36 > 15.4 Vs = Vu/φ - Vc = 36/0.85 – 18.1 = 24.3 kips and s = Avfyd/Vs = 0.22 x 60 x 16.5 / 24.3 = 8.96” But need to check if Vs ≤ 4√fc’ bwd = 4 (3000)1/2 . 10 . (16.5) = 36.1 kips > 24.3 Therefore, smax = Avfy/50bw = 26.4” or smax = d/2 = 8.25” < 24” Æ s = 8.25” Therefore, provide s = 8” as before For Vu = 12 or 36 kips Provide the same stirrup arrangement!!! Case 1: Case 2: For safety reason For need-based reason Case 3 Vu = 42 kips Vs = Vu/φ - Vc = 42/0.85 – 18.1 = 31.3 kips < 4√fc’ bwd = 36.1 kips Therefore, provide s = Av f y d Vs Need to check s max = Av f y 50bw or d or 24" 2 Therefore, s = 6.96” controls Provide s = 6.5” = 0.22 × 60 × 16.5 = 6.96" 31.3 s = 24” 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 7 (Determine Maximum Load Based on Shear Design) Given: C 1 2 d = 18” C b = 16” 5’ #3 @ 4” 5’ #3 @ 9” 10Wu 8.5Wu 3.5Wu 1.5 8.5 10 Region 1 Check Vc Vc = 2√fc’ bwd = 2 x (3000)1/2 16 . 18 = 31.55 kips Find Vs Vs = Avfyd / s = 0.22 (60) (18) / 4 = 59.4 kips Find Vu Vu = φ (Vc + Vs) = 0.85 (31.55 + 59.4) = 77.3 kips Find Wu allowed At the critical section Vu = 8.5 Wu Therefore, Wu = 77.3 = 9.1 kips/ft L = 20’ fy = 60,000 psi fc’ = 3000 psi C-C = critical section (next to support with compression) φ = 0.85 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Region 2 Vc = 31.55 kips (same) Vs = Avfyd / s = 59.4 . (4/9) = 26.4 kips Vu = φ (Vc +Vs) = 0.85 (31.55 + 26.4) = 49.3 kips Find Wu allowed At the transition, the interface will be taken care of by the last stirrup in Region (1). Therefore, consider d from the interface. Vu = 3.5Wu = 49.3 Wu = 14.1 kips/ft Obviously Region (1) controls Wu (max) = 9.1 kips/ft 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 8 (Design of Stirrups with Moment-Shear Coupling Consideration) Given: wn 20’ 22’ 8 x 20 / 2 = 80 kips DL = 1.45 kips/ft (Include Self-Weight) LL = 3.5 kips/ft As = 6.06 in2 fc’ = 2500 psi fy = 50,000 psi b = 16” d = 22” 1. Compute factored load Wu = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL = 1.4 x 1.45 + 1.7 x 3.5 = 7.98 Use Wu = 8.0 kips/ft 2. Compute Mu, Vu at critical section, d from the support d = 22’ = 22/12 Vu = 80 – 8(22/12) = 65.3 kips Mu = (80 + 65.3)/2 . (22/12) = 133.19 kips.ft 3. Compute nominal shear strength 1.051 Structural Engineering Design ⎛ V d⎞ Vc = ⎜⎜1.9 f c' + 2500 ρ w u ⎟⎟bw d ≤ 3.5 f c' bw d Mu ⎠ ⎝ Therefore, Vud/Mu = 65.3 x 22 / (133.19 x 12) = 0.9 < 1.0; OKAY! ρw = As / bwd = 6.06 / (16 x 22) = 0.0172 Vc = 47.06 kips Check 3.5√fc’ bwd = 61.6 kips > Vc; OKAY! 4. Stirrup provision φVc/2 = 0.85 (47.06) / 2 = 20 kips < Vu Thus, need stirrups Vs = Vu/φ - Vc = 65.3/0.85 – 47.06 = 29.76 kips s = Avfyd / Vs = 0.22 x 50 x 22 / 29.76 = 8.13” Check smax i. ii. d/2 = 11 in. 4√fc’bwd = 70.4 kips > Vs smax = Avfy/50bw = 0.22 x 50,000/(50 x 16) = 13.75 or d/2 or 24” Therefore, s = 8.13” controls Use s = 8” 5. Determine where to terminate by computing Vc and check against φVc/2 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 9 78” 4.5” d NA As = 6.28 in2 13” Determine the Mu for the given section (a) bE = L/4 = 26/4 x 12 = 78” (b) bE = bw + 16t = 13 + 16 x 4.5 = 85” (c) bE = 12 x 13 = 156” if a = 4.5” = t c = 0.85 x fc’ x bE x a = 0.85 x 3000 x 78 x 4.5 = 895 kips For equilibrium C = T = Asfy As = 895,000/50,000 = 17.9 in2 (required) Steel reinforcement provided = 6.28 in2 < 17.9 in2; Therefore, a < t This means that we should design according to a rectangular beam (simply reinforced) Mn = T x (d – a/2) T = Asfy = 6.28 x 50 = 314 kips A = T / (0.85 x fc’ x bE) = 314 / (0.85 x 3 x 78) = 1.58” 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 10 (Determine Mn with the given section (isolated)) 30” 7” d NA As = 12.48 in2 14” As = 12.48 in2 bE = 30” bw = 14” d = 36” t = 7’ fc’ = 3000 psi fy = 50,000 psi Check: 4bw = 56” > bE; OKAY! OKAY! ½ bw = 7” > t; If a = t = 7” C = T Æ 0.85fc’bEa = 0.85 fc x 30 x 7 = 535.5 = Asfy As = 10.71 < 12.48 (provided); Therefore, a > t (i.e. Neutral axis is below the flange) C1 = 0.85 fc’ bw a = 0.85 x 3 x 14 x a = 35.7a C2 = 0.85 fc’ (bE – bW) t = 0.85 x 3 x 930-14) x 7 = 285.6 T = Asfy = 12.48 x 50 = 624 Therefore, 624 = 35.7a + 285.6 a = 9.48” Mn = C1(d-a/2) + C2(d-t/2) = 35.7 x 9.48 x (36 – 9.48/2) + 285.6 x (36 – 7/2) = 1155 kips.ft 1.051 Structural Engineering Design Example 11 (Design t-Beam with Given Load) DL = 370 kips.ft LL = 520 kips.ft fc’ = 3000 psi fy = 50,000 psi bE = 30” bW = 14” d = 36” t = 7” Mu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL = 1.4 x 370 + 1.7 x 520 = 1402 kips.ft Mn = Mu/φ = 1402/0.9 = 1557.8 ≈ 1560 kips.ft Find position of neutral axis (NA) If a = t T = C = 0.85 x 3 x 30 x 7 = 535 kips Mn = C(d – a/2) = 535(36 – 7/2) = 1450 kips.ft < 1560 (required), Therefore, a>t C1 = 0.85 x 3 x 14 x a = 35.7a C2 = 0.85 x 3 x (30-14) x 7 = 285.6 ∴, 1560 x 12 = 35.7.a.(36-a/2) + 285.6(36-35) 18720 = 1285.2a – 17.85a2 + 9282 a = 8.3 in x = 8.3 / 0.85 = 9.765 T = 0.85fc’bwa + C2 = 0.85 x 3 x 14 x 8.3 + 285.6 = 582 kips As = 582 / fy = 11.64 in2 ⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ 0 . 003 ⎟ × 36 = 19.4in 2 ab = 0.85⎜ 50 ⎟ ⎜ ⎜ 0.003 + ⎟ 29000 ⎠ ⎝ As1b = (0.85fc’bwab) / fy = 13.85 As2b = (0.85fc’ (bE – bw)t ) / fy = 5.71 Therefore, As,max = 0.75 (As1b + As2b) = 14.7 in2 > 11.64 in2; OKAY!!!