Engineering Answer Note #17

Question 1 write a one page note on the following robot with diagrams on POLAR robots Answer Introduction: Polar robots, also known as cylindrical robots, are a type of industrial robot that uses a cylindrical coordinate system to define its workspace. These robots are widely used in manufacturing industries for various repetitive tasks such as welding, painting, and material handling. In this note, we will discuss the different aspects of polar robots, including their design, kinematics, and applications, with the help of diagrams and relevant academic sources. Design of Polar Robots: Polar robots have a two-link mechanism that consists of an arm and a wrist, allowing them to move along two axes, namely radial and polar. The linkage design is based on the principle of polar coordinates, where the radius and angle determine the position of the robot's end-effector. This unique design makes polar robots more compact and versatile than other industrial robots. Kinematics of Polar Robots: The kinematic analysis of polar robots is crucial in understanding their motion and reachability. The forward kinematics of polar robots involves determining the position and orientation of the end-effector using the joint parameters, while the inverse kinematics determines the joint parameters required to reach a specific end-effector position and orientation. The equations governing these kinematic analyses are complex and involve a combination of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. These calculations can be simplified using graphical methods, which involve plotting the workspace and working out the motion path of the robot. Polar Coordinate System and Motion Ranges: The polar coordinate system used in polar robots has its origin at the center of the base and is defined by the radial and polar axes. The radial axis determines the distance of the end-effector from the base, while the polar axis indicates the angle with respect to the radial axis. The motion ranges of the robot are limited by the length of the arm link and the rotation of the wrist link, which are dependent on the dimensions of the robot. The maximum reach of the robot is achieved when the arm is fully extended and the wrist is rotated to 180 degrees. Geometry of Polar Robots: The geometry of polar robots is crucial in determining their workspace and reachability. The polar coordinate system used in these robots allows for a wider range of motion compared to the Cartesian coordinate system. The motion range of the end-effector is determined by the length of the arm, which can be varied based on the application requirements. The workspace of polar robots is cylindrical, which is a key advantage over other robots as it allows for more versatility in terms of reach. Applications of Polar Robots: Polar robots are used in various industries such as automotive, electronics, and food and beverage, for tasks including welding, painting, assembly, and material handling. These robots are preferred for repetitive tasks as they offer higher accuracy and speed compared to human labor. The compact design of polar robots also makes them suitable for use in confined spaces. Advantages of Polar Robots: Polar robots offer several advantages over other industrial robots, such as: 1. Compact design: The cylindrical coordinate system used in polar robots allows for a more compact design, making them ideal for use in small workspaces. 2. Versatility: The polar coordinate system allows for a wider range of motion, making polar robots more versatile and suitable for different applications. 3. High Accuracy: The design of polar robots allows for precise movements, resulting in higher accuracy compared to other industrial robots. 4. Cost-effective: The simple design and smaller size of polar robots make them more cost-effective compared to other robots, making them suitable for small and mediumsized businesses. Conclusion: In conclusion, polar robots play a significant role in industrial automation, offering a wide range of benefits such as compact design, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. The unique design of these robots, based on the polar coordinate system, allows for precise movements and a wider range of motion, making them suitable for various applications. The kinematic analysis of polar robots is complex but can be simplified with the help of graphical methods. These robots have proven to be successful in various industries, and their usage is expected to increase in the future, making them an important topic of study in the field of robotics. Question 2 write about the various association of robots and there classification citeria of robot on Korean rootics society (KROS) Answer Introduction: The use of robots has been rapidly increasing in various industries and everyday life, with Korea being at the forefront of this technological advancement. The Korean Robotics Society (KROS) is an interdisciplinary organization that has been actively promoting the development and application of robotic technologies in different fields, including manufacturing, healthcare, and military. In this essay, we will explore the various associations of robots and their classification criteria in the Korean Robotics Society. Korean Robotics Society (KROS): KROS was established in 1996, and since then, it has played a crucial role in promoting the development and application of robots in Korea. The society comprises professionals from various fields, including engineering, computer science, mathematics, and robotics. KROS is dedicated to fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing among its members, promoting research and development, and spreading awareness about the potential application of robotics in different areas. Association of Robots: In the context of the Korean Robotics Society, robots can be classified into various types based on their applications, structures, and functions. Some common types of robots include industrial robots, service robots, humanoid robots, and military robots. Let us look at these types in detail. 1. Industrial Robots: Industrial robots are automated machines designed to perform repetitive tasks in manufacturing and production settings. They are usually found in industries such as automotive, electronics, and food processing, among others. In the Korean context, industrial robots play a vital role in increasing productivity and efficiency in the manufacturing industry, which has been a significant contributor to the country's economic growth. As per a recent report by the International Federation of Robotics, Korea ranks second globally in terms of installed industrial robots, with a density of 855 robots per 10,000 employees (1). KROS has been actively promoting the development and application of industrial robots in Korea through workshops, conferences, and research activities. 2. Service Robots: Service robots are designed to interact and assist humans in performing various tasks. They are typically equipped with sensors and intelligent software, making them capable of sensing, identifying, and responding to their environment. In the Korean Robotics Society, service robots have a significant role in healthcare and personal assistance, and service sectors such as banking, retail, and hospitality. One of the notable service robots developed in Korea is Mahru, a housekeeping robot by KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) (2). KROS is continuously working towards the advancement of service robots, emphasizing the need for safety, reliability, and human-robot interaction. 3. Humanoid Robots: Humanoid robots are designed to resemble and mimic human movements and interactions. These robots have a more advanced level of artificial intelligence, making them able to interact with humans in a more human-like manner. In Korea, humanoid robots have been used for entertainment purposes, such as in theme parks and concerts, and in educational settings to teach students about robotics and coding. The Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has developed the humanoid robot HUBO, which has been used in various research and education projects (3). KROS has been actively promoting the development of humanoid robots and their potential application in industries such as healthcare, education, and entertainment. 4. Military Robots: Military robots are unmanned machines used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and combat operations in the military. In Korea, military robots have been primarily used for border surveillance and in disaster response situations. KROS has been actively collaborating with the military to promote the research and development of military robots, with a focus on increasing their autonomy and reducing human soldiers' risk in hazardous situations. Classification Criteria of Robots: Apart from the various types of robots, they can also be classified based on their physical structures and functions. Some common criteria for classifying robots include the number of axes, degrees of freedom (DOF), and the type of motion. 1. Number of Axes: The number of axes refers to the number of independent movements that a robot has. For example, a robot with three axes can move in three directions – up and down, left and right, and back and forth. The number of axes depends on the robot's purpose and its level of complexity. In the Korean Robotics Society, industrial robots usually have 6axes, while humanoid robots tend to have more axes to enable more complex movements. 2. Degrees of Freedom (DOF): Degrees of Freedom (DOF) is a measure of how many independent variables a robot has to control its movement. It determines the number of ways a robot can move in a given space. A higher DOF allows for more complex movements and tasks. In Korea, research on robots with a higher DOF such as humanoid and snake robots is actively promoted through various research grants by organizations like KROS and the Ministry of Science and ICT. 3. Types of Motion: Based on their motion, robots can be classified into three types – Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical. Cartesian robots move in a flat X-Y-Z coordinate system, while cylindrical robots move on a circular or cylindrical path. Spherical robots can move in all directions, like a spherical coordinate system. The type Question 3 write about the various association of robots and there classification citeria of robot on japan robot association (JARA) Answer Introduction: The field of robotics has evolved significantly in the past few decades, and Japan has been at the forefront of this evolution. Japan Robot Association (JARA) is a leading organization in Japan that promotes and supports the development and application of robots. The association was founded in 1971 and has been playing a vital role in advancing the robotics industry through its various activities. In this article, we will discuss the different associations of robots and their classification criteria on the Japan Robot Association. We will first provide an overview of JARA and then delve into the various types of robots and their classification criteria. Japan Robot Association (JARA): JARA is a non-profit organization that has over 200 companies and organizations as its members. The association is responsible for conducting research, promoting education, and providing technical assistance in the field of robotics. It has played a crucial role in establishing Japan as a leader in the global robotics market. In addition to its core activities, JARA also organizes the biennial International Robot Exhibition (IREX), which is one of the largest and most influential exhibitions in the world. It showcases the latest advancements in robotics and attracts participants from across the globe. JARA also conducts seminars and workshops to share knowledge and expertise within the industry. Classification of Robots on JARA: There are various ways of classifying robots, depending on their characteristics, features, and capabilities. JARA classifies robots based on their tasks and functions. Let us discuss the various types of robots based on their classification criteria on the Japan Robot Association. 1) Industrial Robots: Industrial robots are one of the most commonly used types of robots in manufacturing and industrial settings. These robots are typically used for repetitive and precise tasks, such as assembly, welding, painting, and material handling. They are designed to work alongside human workers and can perform tasks more quickly and accurately. On JARA's website, industrial robots are further classified into six categories based on their functions: material handling robots, welding robots, assembly robots, painting robots, transfer robots, and inspection robots. Each category has a specific set of features and capabilities that make it suitable for a particular industry or task. 2) Service Robots: Service robots are designed to interact with humans and provide various services to them. They are used in various sectors, including healthcare, education, entertainment, and personal assistance. These robots are equipped with sensors and artificial intelligence to navigate their environments and perform tasks. JARA classifies service robots into three categories based on their applications: assistance robots, information robots, and entertainment robots. Assistance robots are further divided into personal and professional robots, while information robots are classified into communication and education robots. Entertainment robots include robots used for amusement and leisure purposes. 3) Disaster Response Robots: In recent years, there has been an increasing need for robots that can assist in disaster response and relief efforts. These robots are designed to navigate through hazardous environments and assist in search and rescue operations, as well as in providing essential supplies and services. JARA classifies disaster response robots into four categories: disaster response and rescue robots, inspection robots, communication robots, and logistics support robots. Each category has specific features and capabilities that enable them to perform in disaster situations efficiently. 4) Agricultural and Forestry Robots: Agricultural and forestry robots are an emerging field with significant potential. These robots are designed to assist in farming and forestry operations, such as harvesting, spraying, and pruning. They are equipped with sensors and artificial intelligence to navigate through various terrains and perform tasks accurately. On JARA's website, agricultural and forestry robots are further classified into eight categories, including harvesting and sorting robots, cultivation robots, weeding robots, crop information robots, monitoring robots, spraying robots, pruning robots, and forestry robots. 5) Entertainment and Amusement Robots: Entertainment and amusement robots are designed to provide entertainment and leisure activities to humans. These robots come in various forms, such as humanoid robots, animal-like robots, and gaming robots. They are equipped with sensors and artificial intelligence to interact with humans and perform tasks related to entertainment. On JARA's website, entertainment and amusement robots are classified into six categories: interactive robots, game robots, pet robots, educational robots, robot toys, and robot dolls. Conclusion: In conclusion, JARA provides a comprehensive classification of robots based on their functions and applications. This classification helps in better understanding the capabilities and potential of different types of robots and their role in various industries. The association also supports and promotes the development of advanced robots to further enhance their role in the future. Question 4 write about the various association of robots and there classification criteria of robot on European robotics association Answer Introduction: Robots have become an integral part of modern society and its impact is only increasing with time. The advancements in robotics technology have opened up new possibilities and opportunities in various industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and many more. With such a significant influence, it is essential to have a standardized approach towards robotics development, integration, and implementation. This is where professional associations play a crucial role in promoting and regulating the robotics industry. In Europe, the European Robotics Association (euRobotics) is the central platform for cooperation between industry, academia, and government institutions in robotics. In this essay, we will discuss the various associations of robots and their classification criteria on the European Robotics Association. The Role of European Robotics Association (euRobotics): euRobotics is a non-profit association that promotes and supports robotics research, development, and innovation in Europe. It was formed in 2012 as a result of the European Commission’s Public-Private Partnership in Robotics (PPP) under the Horizon 2020 program. The main objective of euRobotics is to strengthen the competitiveness of the European robotics industry and increase its market penetration globally. To achieve this, euRobotics works closely with various stakeholders such as industry, academia, and government institutions to shape the strategic research agenda, promote technology transfer, and enhance the public perception of robotics. Classification Criteria of Robots: Robots can be classified into various categories based on their design, functionality, and purpose. The criteria for classification of robots are constantly evolving as new technologies emerge. The following are some of the most common classification criteria of robots as specified by euRobotics: 1. Physical Structure: The physical structure is one of the fundamental criteria for the classification of robots. Robots can be categorized into two types based on their physical structure – stationary and mobile. Stationary robots are fixed to a specific location, and their movement is limited to a defined workspace. On the other hand, mobile robots are equipped with a locomotion mechanism such as wheels, legs, or tracks, which enables them to move freely in their environment. 2. Mechanical Design: Robots can also be classified based on their mechanical design, which determines their range of movement and capabilities. Some of the common types of robots based on their mechanical design are articulated, cartesian, parallel, polar, and delta robots. 3. Functionality: Another crucial criterion for robot classification is their functionality. Robots can be classified into three categories based on their functionality – autonomous, semi-autonomous, and tele-operated. Autonomous robots are self-governing and can perform tasks without human intervention. Semi-autonomous robots require human guidance for certain tasks and can perform others autonomously. Tele-operated robots are controlled by a human operator and are mainly used in hazardous or remote environments. 4. Programming and Control: Robots can also be classified based on their programming and control. The two main categories are traditional and intelligent robots. Traditional robots are rule-based and follow a predefined set of instructions, while intelligent robots are equipped with artificial intelligence and can perceive, learn, and adapt to their environment. 5. Purpose: Robots can be classified based on their intended purpose – industrial, service, or military robots. Industrial robots are primarily used in manufacturing processes, while service robots are used in various industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and logistics. Military robots are designed for military applications, including surveillance, reconnaissance, and combat. Various Associations of Robots under European Robotics Association: The European Robotics Association has a wide network of associations that cater to various fields of robotics and promote their development and application. Some of the most prominent associations are: 1. European Association for Advancing Automation (Eumchurch): Eumchurch is a nonprofit organization that aims to promote the advancement and adoption of automation technology in Europe. It brings together a diverse group of stakeholders from academia, industry, and government to facilitate technology transfer, foster innovation, and promote best practices. 2. European Machine Vision Association (EMVA): EMVA is an independent organization that focuses on promoting the development, standardization, and application of machine vision technology. It also provides support to its members through networking, education, and training programs. 3. European Association of Robotics (EARO): EARO is a professional association that represents the interests of the robotics industry in Europe. It is committed to promoting and supporting the adoption of robotics technology through advocacy, networking, and collaboration. 4. European Federation of Robotics (EFR): EFR is a non-profit organization that promotes and supports the development, use, and competitiveness of robotics and automation systems in Europe. It also plays a crucial role in setting up European standards for robotics and establishing common guidelines for safety and ethical use of robots. Conclusion: In conclusion, the European Robotics Association is a vital platform that bridges the gap between research and industry and promotes the growth and development of the robotics sector in Europe. The classification criteria of robots are essential in understanding the vast field of robotics, and euRobotics plays a crucial role in bringing together various associations Question 5 write about the various association of robots and there classification citeria of robot on robotics industries association Answer As the field of robotics continues to grow and advance, there has been a significant rise in the number of associations dedicated to the development and promotion of robots. These associations play a crucial role in bringing together robotics companies, researchers, and enthusiasts to facilitate collaboration and growth in the industry. In this paper, we will discuss the various associations of robots and their classification criteria as defined by the Robotics Industries Association (RIA). The Robotics Industries Association, founded in 1974, is the largest trade association for robotics in North America. Its mission is to advance innovation, education, and growth in the robotics industry. The RIA defines robots as "a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks." Based on this definition, the RIA classifies robots into six categories: industrial robots, service robots, mobile robots, modular robots, collaborative robots, and special purpose robots. 1. Industrial Robots: Industrial Robots, also known as traditional robots, are the most common type of robots used in manufacturing and production facilities. They are typically used for repetitive and dangerous tasks that humans find tedious or unsafe to perform. These robots are programmable and can be customized to perform a wide range of tasks, such as welding, painting, palletizing, and assembly. The RIA estimates that over 2.6 million industrial robots are currently in use globally, with the automotive industry being the largest user. 2. Service Robots: Service robots are robots designed to assist humans with non-manufacturing tasks. They are used in a variety of settings, including hospitals, hotels, warehouses, and homes. Service robots can be further classified into two categories: professional service robots and personal service robots. Professional service robots are used in commercial settings, such as warehouses for material handling, while personal service robots are used for domestic tasks, such as cleaning and lawn mowing. 3. Mobile Robots: Mobile robots are self-propelled robots that can move freely and are not limited to a fixed location. They are used in various applications, such as transportation, security, and agriculture. These robots can be further classified based on their locomotion type, such as wheeled, legged, or flying. 4. Modular Robots: Modular robots are made up of smaller modules that can be rearranged to form various configurations based on the task at hand. These robots are often used in space exploration, where reconfigurability is essential due to the changing environment. Modular robots are also used in manufacturing, healthcare, and military applications. 5. Collaborative Robots: Collaborative robots, also known as cobots, are designed to work alongside humans in a shared space. Unlike traditional industrial robots, these robots are equipped with sensors and software that enable them to work safely alongside humans without the need for safety barriers. They are often used for tasks that require human-robot collaboration, such as pick and place applications in manufacturing. 6. Special Purpose Robots: Special purpose robots are designed to perform a specific task or function. These robots are highly customized and are used in a wide range of applications, such as medical procedures, underwater exploration, and agriculture. Examples of special purpose robots include surgical robots, underwater robots, and agricultural robots. Apart from these six categories, the RIA also recognizes three main types of robots based on their complexity and autonomy: autonomous robots, programmable robots, and remotely operated robots. Autonomous robots can work independently without human intervention, while programmable robots require human programming to perform tasks. Remotely operated robots are controlled by a human operator who is not in the same location as the robot. There are several associations that cater to specific types of robots or industries. Some of the notable ones include the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), the Association for Advancing Automation (A3), and the European Robotics Association (euRobotics). These associations organize events, conferences, and exhibitions to promote the development and adoption of robotics and provide resources and support to their members. In addition to these associations, there are also many research institutions, universities, and government agencies that focus on the development and advancement of robotics. The CANVAS (Collaborative Robotics, Advanced Vision and Artificial Intelligence Systems) project, funded by the European Commission, aims to accelerate the development of cobots in manufacturing plants. The National Robotics Initiative in the United States is a multi-agency effort to support the development of robots that can work alongside humans. Moreover, top universities like Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Carnegie Mellon University have research centers dedicated to robotics. Conclusion: In conclusion, the robotics industry is rapidly growing, and with it, the number of associations and organizations dedicated to its advancement. These associations play a vital role in promoting collaboration and innovation in the industry. They also provide resources and support to their members, thereby contributing to the overall growth of the robotics industry. The RIA's classification criteria for robots provide a comprehensive and useful