University:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Course:
12.00 | Frontiers and Careers in Earth, Planets, Climate, and Life
Academic year:

2020
Views:

353

Pages:

12
Author:

larbiwxcvbn

Food Chains Level 4 Tertiary consumer • Feeding relationships – all food chains Level 3 start with energy from the sun – first level of all food chains is producers – most food chains usually go up only 3 or 4 levels – all levels connect to decomposers Sun Top carnivore Secondary consumer Carnivore Level 2 Primary consumer Herbivore Level 1 Producer Decomposers Bacteria Fungi Loss of Energy • Loss of energy between levels of food chain – To where is the energy lost? The cost of living! 17% growth only this energy moves on to the next level in the food chain energy lost to daily living 33% cellular respiration 50% waste (feces) Feeding Levels • How much energy can you get from food? – only the energy that is stored in the organism – 80-90% energy lost from one level to next – food chain can only have 4 or 5 levels Energy flows through… sun secondary consumers (carnivores) loss of energy loss of energy primary consumers (herbivores) loss of energy producers (plants) But what about nutrients? • Energy flows through but nutrients cycle – nutrients must be recycled to be available for the next generation – decomposers return nutrients to the soil after creatures die • fungi • bacteria n u t r i e n t s decomposers Nutrients cycle around… through decomposers consumers decomposers producers potassium phosphorus iron nitrogen calcium carbon soil magnesium Energy flows sun loss of energy Nutrients cycle secondary consumers (carnivores) decomposers loss of energy loss of energy primary consumers (herbivores) producers (plants) soil Energy Pyramid • Add these organisms to the Energy Pyramid: trees, shrubs, bears, insects, woodpecker, hawk, rabbit, cougar, deer • Beside the diagram, explain WHY you put the animals where you did. Energy Pyramid Cougar, Hawk Tertiary Consumers Bear, Woodpecker Secondary Consumers Deer, Rabbit, Insects Primary Consumers Shrubs & Trees Producers