Nature of Matter

Nature of Matter Students will be able to: • Identify the three states of matter. • Describe the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. • Give examples of solids, liquids, and gases. Key Vocabulary: Gas, Liquid, Matter, Physical Property, Solid, State, Volume Nature of Matter What is Matter? • Matter is everything around you that takes up space. • All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms • It can be visible e.g. rocks, your shirt, or the food you eat, or invisible e.g. air. Nature of Matter What is Matter? • Each of these objects can be placed onto a balance to find out how much matter is in it. This is called its mass. • Matter can also be measured to find out how much space it takes up, this is called its volume. Nature of Matter Gas Types of Matter • Matter can be sorted into three main groups: Liquid – solids, – liquids, and – gases. • These groups are known as the three states or phases of matter. Solid Nature of Matter Types of Matter • Each of these states have different features, in science, we call these features properties. • These are outlined on the next few slides… Nature of Matter The Properties of Solids • Have a fixed shape, may be flexible, can keep their shape without a container. • Are often crystals. Solid • Are dense • Cannot be compressed or squashed. • Cannot be poured • Have a fixed volume. Nature of Matter The Properties of Liquids • Take the shape of their container. • Do not form crystals. Liquid • Are dense • Cannot be compressed or squashed. • Can be poured • Have a fixed volume. Nature of Matter The Properties of Gases • Take the shape of their container. • Do not form crystals. • Are not dense • Are compressible/ can be squashed. • Can be poured • Vary in volume. Gas Nature of Matter Examples of Solids • Solids include items made from materials such as metals, paper, and plastic. • Each of these items have a fixed shape as their particles are tightly locked together Thinking Activity: List some solid objects you can find at home. Nature of Matter Examples of Liquids • Liquids can be poured as their particles can slip and slide past one another. • The volume of a quantity of liquid does not change, but it can vary in shape. • For example, when water is emptied from a bottle into a glass, there is still the same volume present, but the shape of the glass differs from that of the bottle. Thinking Activity: List some liquids you can find in your classroom. Nature of Matter Examples of Gases • Gases such as the air that we breathe, and helium used in balloons have no fixed shape or volume. • Their particles are often spread out. Thinking Activity: List some gases. Nature of Matter Comprehension Check: Name 2 solids, liquids and gases in the following picture Nature of Matter Physical Properties of Matter • Physical properties are the features of matter that do not involve chemical reactions. • Examples of physical properties include: – – – – – State Color Temperature Mass, density and volume Conductivity Nature of Matter Color E.g. Ice is transparent Temperature Conductivity How hot or cold the substance is, measured in degrees Celscius (oC) The ability of the substance to allow electricity or heat to pass throught it. State Volume Solid, liquid or gas. The amount of space the substance occupies, measured in liters (l) Physical Properties of Matter E.g. ice is a solid Physical Properties of Matter Mass The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg) Density The mass of a standard volume of substance in g/cm3 Boiling point Freezing point The temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas by boiling. The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. Melting point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. Nature of Matter Thinking activity: Draw a diagram to show how the particles of a solid, liquid and a gas differ: Solid Liquid Gas Nature of Matter Thinking activity: Draw a diagram to show how the particles of a solid, liquid and a gas differ: Solid Liquid Gas