Llinguistic Exercise 1

Introduction to Linguistics (Tutorial) ( Exercise #1 (part I 1. ___language acquisition__The branch of linguistics concerned with linguistic performance, language acquisition, and speech production and comprehension. 2. ___phonetics__ The science of speech sounds, especially of their production (articulatory __phonetics__), their perception (auditory or perceptual __phonetics__), and their physical aspects (acoustic_phonetics_). 3. ___phonology__ The study of sound systems of languages; the component of a grammar that includes the inventory of sounds (phonetic and phonemic units) and rules for their combination and pronunciation. 4. __semantics_ The study of the linguistic meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences. It is concerned with how grammatical processes build meaning out of simpler ones. 5. ___pragmatics__ The study of how context and situation affect meaning. Explains how factors outside of language contribute to both literal and non-literal meanings. 6. ___neurolinguistics__ The study of brain structure and function in relation to language use, acquisition and disorder. 7. ___syntax__ The rules of sentence formation; the component of mental grammar that represents speakers’ knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences. 8. ___morphology__ The study of word structure; the component of the grammar that includes the rules of word formation. 9. __discourse analysis__ The study of patterns of linguistic organization in a continuous stretch of language comprising of multiple sentences. 10. __clinical linguistics__ The application of linguistics to the analysis disorders of spoken, written or sign language. 1 Introduction to Linguistics (Tutorial) Exercise #1 (part two) DATA SET 1 A: Would you like to go out tonight? B: I have to get up very early tomorrow... DATA SET 2 (1) Hebrew a. ani dibarti im ha-more b. dibarti im ha-more (2) English a. I talked to the teacher b. * talked to the teacher DATA SET 3 (1) a. kick- kicked [kikt] b. jump- jumped [jumpt] c. trap- trapped [trapt] (2) a. rub- rubbed [rubd] b. buzz- buzzed [buzd] c. flag- flagged [flagd] DATA SET 4 (1) a. pen/boy b. three pens/boys (2) a. milk/water b. * three milks/waters c. three liters of milk/water DATA SET 5 Child: Nobody don’t like me Mother: No, say “Nobody likes me” Child: Nobody don’t like me. (dialogue repeated eight times) Mother: Now, listen carefully, say “Nobody likes me.” Child: Oh, nobody don’t likes me. 2 Introduction to Linguistics (Tutorial) DATA SET 6 (1) a. happy (adj) – unhappy (adj) b. play (verb)- replay (verb) c. wide (adj)- wider (adj) (2) a. compose (verb)- composition (noun) b. teach (verb)- teacher (noun) c. large (adj.)- enlarge (verb) DATA SET 7 Doctor: Could you tell me what you have been doing in the hospital? Patient: Yes, sure. Me go,er,uh, P.T. [physical therapy] none o’cot, speech... two times... read... r... ripe... rike... uh write... practise... get... ting... better Doctor: And have you been going home on weekends? Patient: Why, yes... Thursday uh... uh... no... Friday... Bar... ba... ra... wife... and oh car... drive... purpike... you know... rest... and TV. Adopted from “An Introduction to Language”, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. and Hyams, N., 8th edition. DATA SET 8 Police attack protestors Protestors attacked Attack on protestors DATA SET 9 (1) a. John is very tall. b. This river is very wide. (2) a. *Mary is very pregnant. b.* The bomb is very atomic. DATA SET 10 [pun] [peyn] [wabbit] [majtl] [taw] “spoon” “plane” “rabbit’ “Michael” “cow” 3