Full Phonetics Cheat Sheet

Full Phonetics Cheat Sheet Consonants Symbol Category Voicing POA Example /p/ plosive (stop) voiceless bilabial pat/tap /b/ plosive (stop) voiced bilabial bat/tab /m/ nasal (stop) voiced bilabial mat/some /ʙ/ trill voiced bilabial Roll lips /ɸ/ fricative voiceless bilabial Similar to f /β/ fricative voiced bilabial Similar to v /ɱ/ nasal (stop) voiced labiodental comfort /ⱱ/ flap voiced labiodental vase /f/ fricative voiceless labiodental fail/rough /v/ fricative voiced labiodental veil/live /ʋ/ approximant voiced labiodental /θ/ fricative voiceless (inter)dental think/bath /ð/ fricative voiced (inter)dental that/loathe /ʈ/ fricative voiced (inter)dental /ɖ/ plosive voiced (inter)dental /n/ nasal (stop) voiced (inter)dental /t/ plosive (stop) voiceless alveolar teal/met /d/ plosive (stop) voiced alveolar deal/med /n/ nasal (stop) voiced alveolar nun/sun /r/ trill voiced alveolar Rolled r /ɾ/ tap voiced alveolar butter/ladder /s/ fricative voiceless alveolar set/miss /z/ fricative voiced alveolar dogs/roses /ɬ/ lateral fricative voiceless alveolar law /ɮ/ lateral fricative voiced alveolar /ɹ/ approximant voiced alveolar race/array /l/ lateral approx- voiced alveolar late/all /ʃ/ fricative voiceless post-alveolar shoe/mush /ʒ/ fricative voiced post-alveolar usually/leisure /t ʃ/ affricates voiceless post-alveolar chin/match /dʒ/ affricates voiced post-alveolar journey/fridge /ʈ/ plosive (stop) voiceless retroflex /ɖ/ plosive (stop) voiced retroflex /ɳ/ nasal (stop) voiced retroflex /ɽ/ flap voiced retroflex /ʂ/ fricative voiceless retroflex /ʐ / fricative voiced retroflex /ɻ/ approximant voiced retroflex /ɭ/ lateral approx- voiced retroflex /c/ plosive (stop) voiceless palatal /ɟ/ plosive (stop) voiced palatal /ɲ/ nasal (stop) voiced palatal /ç/ fricative voiceless palatal /ʝ/ fricative voiced palatal /j/ approximant voiced palatal /ʎ/ lateral approx- voiced palatal /k/ plosive (stop) voiceless velar coal/peck /g/ plosive (stop) voiced velar goal/peg /ŋ/ nasal (stop) voiced velar king/fang /x/ fricative voiceless velar /ɣ/ fricative voiced velar /ɰ/ approximant voiced velar /ʟ/ lateral approx- voiced velar yet/canyon /q/ plosive (stop) voiceless uvular /ɢ/ plosive (stop) voiced uvular /ɴ/ nasal (stop) voiced uvular /ʀ/ trill voiced uvular /χ/ fricative voiceless uvular /ʁ/ fricative voiced uvular /ħ/ fricative voiceless pharyngeal /ʕ/ fricative voiced pharyngeal /ʡ/ plosive voiced epiglottal /ʜ/ fricative voiceless epiglottal /ʢ/ fricative voiced epiglottal /ʔ/ plosive voiceless glottal /h/ fricative voiceless glottal /ɦ/ fricative voiced glottal /w/ approximant voiced velar-bilabial /ɥ/ approximant voiced labial-palatal hail/ahead witty/away Vowels Symbol Height Backness Tenseness Rounding Example /i/ close front tense unrounded beat/seal /ɪ/ close front lax unrounded bit/sit /y/ close front lax rounded /e/ close-mid front unrounded /ø/ close-mid front rounded /ɛ/ open-mid front /œ/ open-mid front rounded /a/ open front unrounded /ɶ/ open front rounded /æ/ open front /ʏ/ near-close front rounded /ɯ/ close back unrounded /u/ close back /ɤ/ close-mid back unrounded /o/ close-mid back rounded /ʌ/ open-mid near-back lax unrounded butt/luck /ɔ/ open-mid back tense rounded fork/board /ɑ/ open back tense rounded bot/fought /ɒ/ open back /ʊ/ near-close back lax lax tense unrounded unrounded rounded bet/head bat/tack boot/mood rounded lax rounded book/shook /ɨ/ close central unrounded /ʉ/ close central rounded /ɘ/ close-mid central unrounded /ɵ/ closemid central rounded /ɜ/ open-mid central unrounded /ɞ/ open-mid central rounded /ə/ mid central /ɐ/ near-open central lax unrounded around/the unrounded Vowels - Diphthongs Symbol Height Backness Tenseness Rounding Movement Example /eɪ/ close-mid front tense unrounded -close front pay/obey /aɪ/ open front tense unrounded -close front bide/why /aʊ/ open central tense unrounded -close back cow/bow /ɔɪ/ open-mid back tense unrounded -close front soy/buoy /oʊ/ close-mid back tense unrounded -close back boat/road