Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured

Chapter 6 Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? A. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. B. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. C. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg. D. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 201 2. An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. B. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. C. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 202 3. You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. B. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. C. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. D. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. Answer: A Question Type: Critical Thinking Page: 202 4. Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: C. increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production D. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 210 36. Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. B. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. D. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 211 37. Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? A. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons. B. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. C. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. D. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 211 38. The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: A. blood vessel dilation. B. a decrease in neurons. C. meningeal deterioration. D. shrinkage of the brain. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 211 39. When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: A. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging. B. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears. D. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing. Answer: C Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 211 40. According to the terminal drop hypothesis: A. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years. B. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death. C. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one. D. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 212