Chest Clinic: Tuberculosis

Clinico-epidemiological case study of TB Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex The disease typically affects the lungs, but can also affect other sites (extra pulmonary) such as the brain and kidneys. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. As a result, two TB-related conditions exist: Latent TB infection and TB disease   How TB Spreads: TB bacteria spread through droplets from one person to another. TB is NOT spread by: shaking someone’s hand, sharing food or drink, touching bed linens or toilet seats, sharing toothbrushes, kissing.   TB Diagnosis: Who Should Be Tested? TB disease is diagnosed by medical history, physical examination, chest x-ray, and other laboratory tests. Tests used to detect TB bacteria in the body: Tuberculin skin test (TST) tuberculin skin test being administered Administering the TB skin test and reading the result of a TB skin test tuberculin skin test measurement scale Magnitude of Ds Problem DOTS strategy Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course What are the five elements of DOTS Political commitment through sustained financing Case detection through quality-assured bacteriological diagnosis Standardized treatment with supervision Regular drug supply and management system Patient support Objectives of WHO for DOTS strategy To detect 70% of sputum smear positive cases To Cure 85% of Detected cases. Definition of TB patients at registration: New case: is a patient who has never had treatment. Defaulter: is a patient who took drugs for less than 1 month. Failure: is a patient who was treated for 2 consecutive months and is diagnosed bacteriologically sputum smear positive. Relapse: is a patient who was previously treated for TB and cured and is diagnosed bacteriologically sputum smear positive. The national TB Program (NTB) National tuberculosis Programs (NTB) recommends the following:- early detection and treatment of cases by using DOTS (directly observed treatment short course). Give BCG vaccine at birth and no booster dose. Screening of all foreigners and labors entering to the country by detecting X-ray and 3 sputum smear AFB. Legislation prohibiting the sale of anti TB drugs via private sector to prevent abuse of the emergence of resistant mycobacterium bacilli of Calmette and Guerin). Screening of all foreign labor force. Provide anti TB therapy free of charge to all detected patients Libyan or non Libyan.