Which of the Following Statements is Considered a Neutral Argument

Intro to ethics unit 1 challenge 1 1. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science? -Philosophy pursues truths that cannot be determined through empirical observation. There are many things we can't know simply by observing them. Consider the debate about whether or not Pluto is a planet. To reach a conclusion, astronomers had to decide what it means for something to be a planet, as opposed to a dwarf planet or an asteroid. Only by answering that philosophical question, which is beyond what we can observe, were they able to decide that Pluto is not a planet. Philosophy helps define concepts that are at the center of scientific study. Since philosophy is concerned with how empirical data is interpreted and understood, it also helps us decide what empirical data is important, and which is irrelevant Philosophy is concerned with how to understand and interpret scientific facts. Without philosophical reasoning, the empirical observations that yield scientific fact would be useless. For example, if you don't have a conceptual idea of what a viola is, you'd probably assume it's a violin and not think much about the ways in which it is different. But if you had a more complete philosophical understanding of string instruments, you'd subconsciously assign greater importance to those differences and use them to distinguish between violas and violins. 2. Which of the following is a philosophical question? What would life on other planets mean for us? This question is philosophical because the right answer can't be discovered by observation alone, but requires us to interpret and draw conclusions from what we observe How much freedom should individuals have? This question is philosophical, since we can't discover the answer simply by collecting data. To find the answer, we'd have to collect data and draw conclusions from it Is it possible for a computer to have free will? This is a philosophical question because it requires us to determine what constitutes free will. There's a definite truth to the matter, but we can't arrive at it simply through observation 3. Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? People learn to ask questions about the foundations of moral judgments. Philosophers are inquisitive; they don't take anything for granted, even moral judgements. We learn to recognize and guard against bias. Philosophy is concerned with objectivity and logical consistency, both of which are obscured by bias. Consistency is maintained between actions and beliefs. Philosophy seeks to eliminate contradiction, and ethics is the branch of philosophy that seeks to eliminate contradiction between actions and beliefs 4. Which of the following actions represents the step, "Advance a Thesis"? A principal says students should focus more on academics than extracurricular activities. Amy wants to know if lying is ever morally acceptable. She reads the results of a web search on the question, "Can I lie to save my own life?" Which step of philosophical inquiry has Amy just done? Identify positions on the question Dan wants to know whether playing video games constitutes a sport. In order to approach the question philosophically, what should his first step be? Dan should ask, "What is a sport?" Unit 1 challenge 2 1. Which of the following is an argument? Given my brother's passion for the outdoors, he would make a good forest ranger. Simon's restaurant receives the best reviews from local food critics. Therefore, Simon's restaurant is the best restaurant in the city. Shakespeare wrote The Tempest. The Tempest was written by an Englishman in the 1600s. Therefore, Shakespeare was an Englishman in the 1600s. 2. The following statements are all part of one argument. Which one is the conclusion? Anthony is sick. Consider the following argument: (1) Since eating trans fat increases "bad" cholesterol, (2) and "bad" cholesterol is related to a number of heart problems, (3) eating trans fats is unhealthy. (4) Trans fats have no known health benefits.Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? 3 The following statements are all part of one argument. Which one is the conclusion? Jeremy is financially irresponsible. 3. Which of the following is an inductive argument? Lisa is an artist. Most artists are extremely talented. Therefore, Lisa is probably extremely talented. Which of the following is a deductive argument? Richard works out three days a week. Everyone who works out multiple times a week is strong. Therefore, Richard is strong. There is no circumstance under which my town will ever cancel fireworks on the Fourth of July. So even if it's pouring rain, the fireworks will happen. 4. Amy works for a company called Dewey, Cheatum, and Livingston. Some of that company's employees are accountants. Amy is probably an accountant. Which type of argument is this? Weak inductive Everyone named Bethany has exquisite taste in furniture. My sister's name is Bethany. My sister therefore has exquisite taste in furniture. Which type of argument is this? Valid deductive Which of the following is a strong inductive argument? Matt is into 1980s hip-hop. Run DMC is one of the most popular hip-hop groups from the 1980s. Therefore Matt is into Run DMC's music. 5. An argument is strong and the premises are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Cogent An argument is valid, but one of its premises is false. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Unsound An argument is weak, but the premises and conclusion are all true. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Uncogent Unit 1 challenge 3 1. Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Ethics seeks to define the good and the bad. Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Ethics is about determining what is moral and what is immoral. Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Professional and personal interactions depend on ethical behavior. 2. Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion.Which of the following is an issue of law? Some states forbid the sale of alcohol on Sundays. Which of the following is an issue of etiquette? It’s considered bad manners to burp at the dinner table. Which of the following is an issue of law? Landlord Hank installs working smoke detectors in all of his properties. 3. Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person buying coffee? Were the farmers fairly compensated? Which of the following is an ethical consideration for an employee who uses the work printer for personal projects? Does management approve of this behavior? Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who won the lottery? Should I donate part of my winnings to charity? 4. Hank creates a concept map to compare how Kantian deontology and virtue-based ethics evaluate eating meat. This is an example of which branch of ethics? Metaethics Which of the following questions is an example of normative ethics? What obligation do children have to their aging parents? Which of the following statements is an example of descriptive ethics? Most people agree that bringing their pet bulls into china shops is morally wrong. 5. Jason sees a neighbor collapse from a heart attack on her front lawn.Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an obligatory action in that moment? Jason has his son call 911 while he begins CPR. Most academic institutions have severe penalties for students who attempt to pass off another's work as their own. Such academic dishonesty is thus generally considered to be a(n) __________ action. Impermissible Dave and Margaret have hosted Thanksgiving dinner every year for two decades. Despite their family's protests, they've decided not to host this year. Their decision is likely an example of a(n) __________ action neutral 6. Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism? Torture is acceptable because we've been doing it here for many years. Which of the following statements reflects objectivism? Lorraine believes that murder is wrong, regardless of a person's culture. Which of the following statements reflects relativism? Jesse thinks that right is whatever a person feels comfortable doing. Unit 1 –milestone 1 Which of the following is a deductive argument? Traffic is very heavy today. When traffic is heavy, I take the bus to work. I will take the bus to work today. Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics. Select the example related to law. I am the only insured driver, so my daughter cannot drive the rental car. Jerome conducts a survey to see how many of his neighbors believe they have a moral duty to report suspicious activity to the police. He finds that 8 in 10 believe they have such a duty. Which branch of ethics do the results of Jerome's survey represent? Descriptive ethics Which of the following statements is true of ethics? Ethics is concerned with right and wrong. Which of the following actions represents the step, "Identify positions on the question"? A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading books on a particular ethical issue. Mortgage rates are at an all time low. (2) It is therefore a good time to buy a home. (3) Also, property values have been increasing over the last five years, and (4) a number of new homes in my neighborhood are for sale.Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion? (1) 2 Which of the following is a philosophical question? How do we define what counts as art? An argument is strong and the conclusion is true, but both premises are false. Which of the following terms best describes the argument? Uncogent Which of the following statements about philosophy is true? Philosophy is concerned with seeking and recognizing knowledge. Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy? Philosophy improves understanding of argumentation. which of the following is a valid deductive argument? Every time it snows, the roads need to be plowed. It is supposed to snow later today. Therefore, the roads will need to be plowed later today. Which of the following is an argument? Janet studies every day and takes notes in class. She will probably do well in the class for that reason. Ricardo and Monica volunteered to serve food at their church picnic during the 8-10 AM shift. At the end of their shift, they noticed that the kitchen was still pretty busy, so they continued to help through the next shift. Most people would likely say their decision is an example of a(n) __________ action. Supererogatory Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's buying a new car? Will this car keep my family and me safe on the road? Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism? Moral truths differ from culture to culture