Progressive Era Study Guide Key

Progressive Era Study Guide KEY The Founding Ideals Name and define each founding ideal. 1. Equality: All people are treated the same way and valued equally 2. Rights: Powers or privileges granted to people either by an agreement among themselves or by law 3. Liberty: Freedom 4. Opportunity: The chance for people to pursue their hopes and dreams 5. Democracy: A system of government founded on the simple principle that the power to rule comes from the people Problems at the Turn of the Century  List the four main problem areas at the turn of the century. 1. Cities and workplaces 2. Environment 3. Politics 4. Society  Where did 40% of Americans live at the turn of the century and what attracted them to these areas? Cities-jobs, amusements or entertainment (theaters), skyscrapers and department stores  Where did the poor live in cities? Describe with specific details what these places were like. Slums/tenements-garbage and waste in the streets, no running water or bathrooms in apartments, small, crowded, disease spread quickly, insufficient infrastructure, fire hazards.  Why did industry grow quickly after the Civil War? Advances in communication, transportation, and technology  Why were so many African Americans fleeing the South during this time? Mobs were attacking African Americans-lynching, beating, burning  What is a muckraker? Name two famous muckrakers and what problem in society they focused on in their writing. A muckraker is a journalist who exposes the problems of society to the public One famous muckraker is Jacob Riis-wrote How the Other Half Lives Another muckraker is Upton Sinclair- wrote The Jungle  Name and describe three examples of how politics were corrupt during this time. 1. Rigged elections-stuffed the ballot box to ensure they won 2. Patronage-giving jobs to supporters and friends and not qualified applicants 3. Passing laws that benefitted big businesses and not the average citizen Progressives Respond  What is the main goal of the progressives? To improve American society  How did the progressives address the issue of child labor? How did the government respond? Created the National Child Labor Committee which pushed government to pass child labor laws in several states and eventually nationally  How did progressives address the issue of slum life? How did the government respond? Opened settlement houses (Hull House) and tried cleaning up/improving the slums themselves, government responded by passing the Tenement House Act in New York, created the Department of Street Cleaning (White Wings), and other states started passing laws to regulate conditions.  There were many reforms at the state level during this time. Write the name of the political reform being described below. 1. Voters hold elections to choose candidates from each party to run for office. Direct Primary 2. Citizens voted in private booths and used an official ballot. Secret Ballot 3. Process where voters can remove an elected official before his or her term expires. Recall  4. Citizens are able to propose and pass a law directly without going through the legislatures. Initiative 5. A law passed by the state government is placed on a ballot for approval or rejection by the voters. Referendum Match the vocabulary word with its definition. A. Social and political reformers H 1. Workers’ compensation E 2. NAACP A 3. Progressives C 4. Activists F 5. NAWSA D 6. Suffrage B 7. Hull House F. Group formed to organize the women’s suffrage movement G 8. National Child Labor Committee G. Organization that promotes laws restricting child labor B. Chicago’s first settlement house C. A person dedicated to the cause of reform and prepared to use political action D. The right to vote E. Group formed to fight segregation H. Legal right of workers who are injured at work to receive some pay Reforms on the National Stage  Name the three progressive presidents of this time period in order of when they served (first to last). Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909), William Taft (1909-1913), Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)  What was the name of Theodore Roosevelt’s reform program? Square Deal  What was the name of Woodrow Wilson’s reform program? New Freedom  Briefly explain why Theodore Roosevelt supported William Howard Taft to be his successor. Believed Taft would continue his reform programs  Briefly explain why Roosevelt stopped supporting Taft during his term in office. Taft passed the Payne-Aldrich Tariff  Briefly explain how Woodrow Wilson won the election of 1912. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican ticket thus giving Wilson the majority votes  Match the name of the reform or law with its description. ___C__ 1. Trustbusting A. Central bank of the United States ___F__ 2. 18th Amendment B. Give women the right to vote __E___ 3. 16th Amendment C. Reform used to break up monopolies __H___ 4. Pure Food and Drug Act D. Direct election of U.S. senators ___G__ 5. Meat Inspection Act E. Established a federal income tax __D___ 6. 17th Amendment F. Established prohibition __B___ 7. 19th Amendment G. Dept. of Agriculture is required to inspect meat ___A__ 8. Federal Reserve System H. Established the Food and Drug Administration to test and approve drugs Unit Essential Questions  Who benefits and who suffers during times of profound economic change? Be sure to explain your reasoning. (Profound -> great, immense) As industry took off, businesses grew and owners made a great profit. The wealthy upper class lived in mansions and were well off, being able to afford the best of the best in society. However, immigrants and poor citizens were trapped in slums and dangerous jobs.  How can people change society? Give an example. There are three major ways change is made in society: political action, public appeal, and violence. Political action: protests, organizing committees and associations to persuade courts and state governments to pass reform laws Public appeal: Muckraker articles and books published discussing problems Violence: mobs and raids on African American families in the south pushed them north  Did this period of industrialization move Americans closer or further from the founding American ideals? Be sure to explain your reasoning. Industrialization challenged America’s ideals by limiting the rights of African Americans, allowing monopolies to control markets and eliminate small business opportunities of citizens and immigrants, treating women and men unequally, and silencing African American and women’s voice in government by limiting their ability to vote. Industrialization helped move America closer by pushing reforms that also addressed these issues.