History Of The United States Since 1877 Final Study Sheet

1. What ship was sunk causing the death of 128 American citizens? Lusitania 2. What was the Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty? agreement between the United States and Panama granting exclusive canal rights to the United States across the Isthmus of Panama in exchange for financial reimbursement and guarantees of protection to the newly established republic. 3. Why did Woodrow Wilson invade Mexico? Under President Wilson, the United States had sent troops to occupy Veracruz.President Wilson's government recognized the government of Venustiano Carranza in 1915, which allowed arms from the U.S. to flow to Carranza's forces. ... The U.S. failedin the main objective of that raid, which was to capture Villa. 4. What did Wilson do when war broke out in Europe in 1914? President Wilson declared that the United States would follow a strict policy of neutrality. ... To that end he sent a leading aide, Colonel House, to Europe in the autumn of 1914 in an attempt to broker a peace deal. 5. What was the Zimmerman Telegram? was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico. 6. What was the American Expeditionary Force? consisted of the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside French and British allied forces 7. What symbolized the flowering of African American culture in the 1920s? Harlem Renaissance 8. Who led the attack on the alien threat during the first Red Scare? The conviction of anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti sparked protests throughout the world. 9. Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? were two Italian migrant anarchists who were controversially convicted of murdering a guard and a paymaster during the April 15, 1920, armed robbery of the Slater and Morrill Shoe Company in Braintree, Massachusetts, United States. 10. Who was John Scopes? was a teacher in Dayton, Tennessee, who was charged on May 5, 1925, with violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools. 11. What was Hoover’s response to the Depression? He believed in a limited role for government and worried that excessive federal intervention posed a threat to capitalism and individualism. He felt that assistance should be handled on a local, voluntary basis. 12. What was Roosevelt’s Hundred Days banking legislation designed to do? he presented a series of initiatives to Congress designed to counter the effects of the Great Depression. 13. What was the Tennessee Valley Authority designed to do? to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley 14. What was the Civilian Conservation Corp? was a voluntary public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to ages 17–28. 15. How did the Great Depression affect Americans psychologically? devastated the U.S. economy. Half of all banks failed. Unemployment rose to 25% and homelessness increased. Housing prices plummeted 30%, international trade collapsed by 65%, and prices fell 10% per year. 16. What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be? 17. Who were the Axis Powers? Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria 18. What invasion started World War II? Poland 19. What brought the U. S. into World War 2? Several U.S. ships traveling to Britain were damaged or sunk by German mines, and in February 1915 Germany announced unrestricted warfare against all ships, neutral or otherwise, that entered the war zone around Britain. ... With these attacks, public opinion in the United States began to turn irrevocably against Germany. 20. Who was placed in relocation camps during World War 2? Japanese Americans in the United States 21. Know what happened on D-Day. The Invasion of Normandy. On June 6, 1944 the Allied Forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked German forces on the coast of Normandy, France. With a huge force of over 150,000 soldiers, the Allies attacked and gained a victory that became the turning point for World War II in Europe. 22. Know what Hitler’s orders to his submarine commanders in the Atlantic was. to remain in full force when he became commander-in-chief of the Navy, and to that extent responsibility for that crime. waging unrestricted submarine warfare against neutral shipping, 23. What was discussed at the Potsdam Conference? The leaders arrived at various agreements on the German economy, punishment for war criminals, land boundaries and reparations. 24. What does “Iron Curtain” refer to? was initially a non-physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. 25. What was the containment policy? a policy of "containment" toward the Soviet Union. The article's author, George Kennan, who set up the U.S. embassy in Moscow in 1943, called on the United States to take steps to prevent Soviet expansion. He was convinced that if the Soviet Union failed to expand, its social system would eventually break down. 26. What did the Truman Doctrine state? established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces 27. What did the Marshall Plan propose? funneling $13 billion to rebuild the devastated continent, not only in an act of global altruism, but according to historians, to stop the spread of Soviet communism. 28. What was the North Atlantic Treaty Organization? is a security alliance of 28 countries from North America and Europe. NATO's fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies' freedom and security by political and military means. 29. What was the Berlin airlift? to carry supplies to the people of West Berlin, a difficult feat given the size of the city's population. The Americans and British then began a joint operation in support of the entire city. 30. What advise did MacArthur give Truman during the Korean War? relieved General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of his commands after MacArthur made public statements which contradicted the administration's policies. 31. Who invented the concept of the mass construction of suburban homes? William Levitt 32. What does the term “baby boom” refer to? boomers are widely associated with privilege, as many grew up during a period of increasing affluence due in part to widespread post-war government subsidies in housing and education. 33. What was a major factor that helped Kennedy defeat Nixon in the 1960 presidential election? Kennedy's performance in the first televised presidential debate 34. What was Kennedy’s domestic policy known as? New Frontier 35. What was Kennedy’s failed 1961 covert operation to overthrow Castro called? Bay of Pigs 36. What was the main issue that American college students protested during the sixties? American involvement in the Southeast Asian War 37. Who advocated “black power” in the 1960s? Stokely Carmichael 38. Who was Cesar Chavez? was an American labor leader and Latino American civil rights activist. 39. Who wrote The Feminine Mystique? Betty Friedan 40. How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved? Khrushchev issued a public statement that Soviet missiles would be dismantled and removed from Cuba. 41. What was the Moral Majority? was an organization made up of conservative Christian political action committees which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. 42. What was the focus of the Nixon Presidency? on foreign affairs. He focused on détente with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, easing Cold War tensions with both countries. 43. What was the program to improve relations with the Soviet Union known as? Détente. 44. What was the Watergate Scandal? major federal political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974. 45. What was Roe v. Wade? protects a pregnant woman's liberty to choose to have an abortion without excessive government restriction. 46. What was the first crisis of the post-Cold War era? The Berlin Blockade 47. What is NAFTA? The North American Free Trade Agreement is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. 48. Why was Bill Clinton impeached? on grounds of perjury to a grand jury and obstruction of justice 49. How did the 2000 presidential election break from historical trends? in which the winning candidate lost the popular vote and is considered one of the closest elections in US history. 50. How did most Americans feel about the future by 2010? About half of Americans thought that the country's best days were over